(b) refract light rays

Neural Control and (c) bring about movements of eye lids

Coordination (d) alter the size of pupil.

10. Retina is most sensitive at

1. Acute vision is present in (a) optic disc
(a) vulture (b) periphery
(b) shark (c) macula lutea
(c) bat (d) fovea centralis
(d) frog
11. Light rays entering the eye is
2. Sensitive pigmented layer of eye is controlled by
(a) cornea (a) pupil
(b) retina (b) iris
(c) sclerotic (c) cornea
(d) iris (d) lens

3. Which of the following cranial nerves 12. Ivan Pavlov performed experiments
can regulate heart beat? on
(a) X (a) simple reflexes
(b) IX (b) conditioned reflexes
(c) VIII (c) cardiac reflexes
(d) VII (d) origin of life

4. One function of parasympathetic 13. CNS is mostly made of

nervous system is (a) motor neurons and sensory neurons
(a) contraction of hair muscles (b) sensory neurons and association
(b) stimulation of sweat glands neurons
(c) acceleration of heart beat (c) association neurons
(d) constriction of pupil (d) motor neurons and association neurons

5. Third ventricle of brain is also known 14. Respiratory centre is situated in

as (a) cerebellum
(a) metacoel (b) medulla oblongata
(b) rhincoel (c) hypothalamus
(c) paracoel (d) cerebrum
(d) diacoel
15. The sympathetic nerves in mammals
6. Vagus nerve is arise from
(a) X (a) sacral nerves
(b) IX (b) cervical nerves
(c) VII (c) thoraco-lumbar nerves
(d) V (d) 3rd, 7th, 9th and 10th cranial nerves

7. Afferent nerve fibres carry impulses 16. In humans, visceral organs are
from innervated by
(a) effector organs to CNS (a) sympathetic nerves and are under
(b) receptors to CNS conscious control
(c) CNS to receptors (b) parasympathetic nerves and are under
(d) CNS to muscles conscious control
(c) both sympathetic and parasympathetic
8. Iris is part of nerves and are under conscious control
(a) sclerotic (d) both sympathetic and parasympathetic
(b) choroid/Uvea nerves but are not under conscious control
(c) choroid and retina
(d) sclerotic and choroid 17. Cornea transplantation is
outstandingly successful because
9. Function of iris is to (a) cornea is easy to preserve
(a) move lens forward and backward (b) cornea is not linked up with blood
vascular and immune systems 25. When we migrate from dark to light,
(c) the technique involved is very simple we fail to see for sometime but after a
(d) cornea is easily available time visibility becomes normal. It is an
example of
18. The Nissl‘s granules of nerve cells (a) accommodation
are made up of (b) adaptation
(a) ribosomes (c) mutation
(b) proteins (d) photoperiodism
(c) DNA
(d) mitochondria 26. Characteristic feature of human
cornea
19. In the chemistry of vision in (a) Secreted by conjunctiva and glandular
mammals, the photosensitive substance (b) It is lacrimal gland which secretes tears
is called (c) Blood circulation is absent in cornea
(a) sclerotin (d) In old age it becomes harden and white
(b) retinol layer deposits on it which causes cataract
(c) rhodopsin
(d) melanin 27. Which of the following statements is
correct for ‗nodes of Ranvier‘ of nerve?
20. Anesthetics reduce pain by blocking (a) Neurilemma is discontinuous
the transmission of nerve impulses. The (b) Myelin sheath is discontinuous
kind of chemicals working as (c) Both neurilemma and myelin sheath are
anesthetics are those that block discontinuous
(a) only the voltage-gated sodium channels (d) Covered by myelin sheath
in membranes
(b) only the voltage-gated potassium 28. In which animal nerve cell is present
channels in membranes but brain is absent?
(c) only the neuro-transmitter receptors (a) Sponge
(d) voltage-gated sodium and potassium (b) Earthworm
channels and neuro-transmitter receptors (c) Cockroach
(d) Hydra
21. In vertebrates, simple reflex action
is 29. Ommatidia serve the purpose of
(a) polysynaptic photoreception in
(b) bisynaptic (a) sunflower
(c) trisynaptic (b) cockroach
(d) monosynaptic (c) frog
(d) humans
22. Suspensory ligament is part of
(a) heart 30. Injury to vagus nerve in humans is
(b) eye not likely to affect
(c) tongue (a) tongue movements
(d) brain (b) gastrointestinal movements
(c) pancreatic secretion
23. Neuroglia consist of cells found in (d) cardiac movements
the
(a) liver 31. In the resting state of the neural
(b) kidney membrane, diffusion due to
(c) central nervous system and ganglia concentration gradients, if allowed,
(d) testes would drive
(a) K+ into the cell
24. What is intensity of sound in normal (b) K+ and Na+ out of the cell
conversation? (c) Na+ into the cell
(a) 10—20 decibel (d) Na+ out of the cell
(b) 30—60 decibel
(c) 70—90 decibel 32. Four healthy people in their twenties
(d) 120—150 decibel got involved in injuries resulting in
damage and death of a few cells of the
following. Which of the cells are least
likely to be replaced by new cells? cochlea: A A B C D Which one of the
(a) Liver cells following options correctly represents
(b) Neurons the names of three different parts?
(c) Malpighian layer of the skin (a) B: Tectorial membrane, C: Perilymph, D:
(d) Osteocytes Secretory cells
(b) C: Endolymph, D: Sensory hair cells, A:
33. In a man, abducens nerve is injured. Serum
Which one of the following functions will (c) D: Sensory hair cells, A: Endolymph, B:
be affected? Tectorial membrane
(a) Movement of the eye ball (d) A: Perilymph, B: Tectorial membrane, C:
(b) Movement of the tongue Endolymph
(c) Swallowing
(d) Movement of the neck 39. Which one of the following is the
correct difference between Rod Cells and
34. One of the examples of the action of Cone Cells of our retina? Rod Cells Cone
the autonomous nervous system is Cells
(a) swallowing of food (a) Visual: High Low acuity
(b) pupillary reflex (b) Visual: IodopsinRhodpsin pigment
(c) peristalsis of the intestine contained
(d) knee-jerk response (c) Overall: Vision in Colour function poor
light vision and detailed vision in bright
35. During the transmission of nerve light
impulse through a nerve fibre, the (d) Distribu- More conc- Evenly tion:
potential on the inner side of the plasma entrated in distributed retina all over
membrane has which type of electric
change? 40. During the propagation of a nerve
(a) First positive, then negative and impulse, the action potential results
continue to be positive from the movement of:
(b) First negative, then positive and (a) K+ ions from extracellular fluid to
continue to be positive. intracellular fluid
(c) First positive, then negative and again (b) Na+ ions from intracellular fluid to
back to positive extracellular fluid
(d) First negative, then positive and again (c) K+ ions from intracellular fluid to
back to negative. extracellular fluid
(d) Na+ ions from extracellular fluid to
36. Which of the following is an example intracellular fluid
of negative feedback loop in humans?
41. Cornea transplant in humans is
(a) Secretion of tears after falling of sand almost never rejected. This is because
particles into the eye. (a) its cells are least penetrable by bacteria
(b) Salivation of mouth at the sight of (b) it has no blood supply
delicious food (c) it is composed of enucleated cells
(c) Secretion of sweat glands and (d) it is a non-living layer
constriction of skin blood vessels when it is
too hot 42. Alzheimer disease in humans is
(d) Constriction of skin blood vessels and associated with the deficiency of:
contraction of skeletal muscles when it is (a) glutamic acid
too cold (b) acetylcholine
(c) gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)
37. Which one of the following pairs of (d) dopamine
structures distinguishes a nerve cell
from other types of cells? 43. Which part of human brain is
(a) Vacuoles and fibres concerned with the regulation of body
(b) Flagellum and medullary sheath temperature?
(c) Nucleus and mitochondria (a) Cerebellum
(d) Perikaryon and dendrites. (b) Cerebrum
(c) Hypothalamus
38. Given below is a diagrammatic cross (d) Medulla Oblongata
section of a single loop of human
44. The nerve centres which control the 50. The most abundant intracellular
body temperature and the urge for cation is:
eating are contained in: (a) Ca++
(a) hypothalamus (b) H+
(b) pons (c) K+
(c) cerebellum (d) Na+
(d) thalamus
51. Insulin is
45. When a neuron is in resting state I (a) vitamin
not conducting any impulse, the axonal (b) lipid
membrane is: (c) hormone
(a) comparatively more permeable to Na+ (d) enzyme
ions and nearly impermeable to K+ ions
(b) equally permeable to both Na+ and K+ 52. A person, who shows unpredictable
ions moods, outbursts of emotion, quarrelsome
(c) impermeable to both Na+ and K+ ions behavior and conflicts with others, is
(d) comparatively more permeable to K+ suffering from
ions and nearly impermeable to Na+ ions (a) mood disorder
(b) addictive disorder
46. The purplish red pigment rhodopsin (c) borderline personality disorder (BPD)
contained in the rods type of (d) schizophrenia
photoreceptor cells of the human eye, is
a derivative of: 53. Myelin sheath is produced by
(a) vitamin B1 (a) osteoclasts and astrocytes
(b) Vitamin C (b) Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes
(c) vitamin D (c) astrocytes and Schwann cells
(d) vitamin A (d) oligodendrocytes and osteoclasts

47. The human hind brain comprises 54.Good vision depends on adequate intake
three parts, one of which is: of carotene rich food. Select the best option
(a) Spinal cord from the following statements.
(b) Corpus callosum (1) Vitamin A derivatives are formed from
(c) Cerebellum carotene.
(d) Hypothalamus (2) The photopigments are embedded in the
membrane discs of the inner segment.
48. Which part of the human ear plays (3) Retinal is a derivative of vitamin A.
no role in hearing as such but is (4) Retinal is a light absorbing part of all the
otherwise very much required? visual photopigments.
(a) Eustachian tube (a) (1) and (3)
(b) Organ of corti (b) (2), (3) and (4)
(c) Vestibular apparatus (c) (1), (3) and (4)
(d) Ear ossicles (d) (1) and (2)]

49. A person entering an empty room 55. Destruction of the anterior horn cells of
suddenly finds a snake right in front on the spinal cord would result in loss of
opening the door. Which one of the (a) commissural impulses
following is likely to happen in his (b) integrating impulses
neuro-hormonal control system? (c) sensory impulses
(a) Sympathetic nervous system is activated (d) voluntary motor impulses.
releasing epinephrin and norepinephrin
from adrenal medulla. 56. The junction between the axon of one
(b) Neurotransmitters diffuse rapidly across neuron and the dendrite of the next is called
the cleft and transmit a nerve impulse. (a) constant bridge
(c) Hypothalamus activates the (b) junction point
parasympathetic division of brain. (c) a joint
(d) Sympathetic nervous system is activated (d) a synapse
releasing epinephrin and norepinephrin
from adrenal cortex. 57.Injury localized to the hypothalamus
would most likely disrupt
(a) short term memory 64. During the transmission of nerve
(b) coordination during locomotion impulse through a nerve fibre, the potential
(c) executive functions, such as decision on the inner side of the plasma membrane
making has which type of electric change?
(d) regulation of body temperature. (a) First negative, then positive and continue
to be positive
58. Otorhinolaryngology is the study of (b) First positive, then negative and continue
(a) brain cells to be negative
(b) ENT (c) First positive, then negative and again
(c) bird anatomy back to positive
(d) locomotary organs (d) First negative, then positive and again
back to negative.
59. The human hind brain comprises three
parts, one of which is 65. Bowman’s glands are found in
(a) spinal cord (a) olfactory epithelium
(b) cerebellum (b) external auditory canal
(c) corpus callosum (c) juxtamedullary nephrons
(d) hypothalamus. (d) cortical nephrons only

60. When a neuron is in resting state i.e., 66. In a man, abducens nerve is injured.
not conducting any impulse, the axonal Which one of the following functions will be
membrane is(a) comparatively more affected?
permeable to Na+ ions and nearly (a) Movement of the eyeball
impermeable to K+ ions (b) Movement of the tongue
(b) equally permeable to both Na+ and K+ (c) Movement of the neck
ions (d) Swallowing
(c) impermeable to both Na+ and K+ ions
(d) comparatively more permeable to K+ ions 67. Which of the following is not related to
and nearly impermeable to Na+ ions. fore brain ?
(a) lateral ventricle
61. What is correct for the resting potential (b) Corpus callosum
(a) On innerside of plasma membrane + ve (c) Voluntary locomotion
charge & outerside -ve charge is found (d) Inferior Collicule
(b) On outerside Na+ concentrartion is
less ,on innersde k + concentrtion is less 68. Which of the following statement is
(c) On outerside a plasma membrane + ve correct for node of Ranvier of nerve?
charge and innerside is -ve charge (a) Both neurilemma and myelin sheath are
(d) Electrically it is neutral in resting stage. discontinuous
(b) Covered by myelin sheath
62.In mammalian eye, the ‘fovea’ is the (c) Neurilemma is discontinuous
center of the visual field, where (d) Myelin sheath is discontinuous
(a) only rods are present
(b) more rods than cones are found 69.The most abundant intracellular cation is
(c) high density of cones occur, but has no (a) H+
rods (b) K+
(d) the optic nerve leaves the eye (c) Na+
(d) Ca++
63. During the propagation of a nerve
impulse, the action potential results from the 70. Which part of the human ear plays no
movement of role in hearing as such but is otherwise very
(a) K+ ions from intracellular fluid to much required?
extracellular fluid (a) Eustachian tube
(b) Na+ ions from extracellular fluid to (b) Organ of Corti
intracelluar fluid (c) Vestibular apparatus
(c) K+ ions from extracellular fluid to (d) Ear ossicles
extracellular fluid
(d) Na+ ions from intracellular fluid to 71. Cornea transplant in humans is almost
extracellular fluid. never rejected. This is because
(a) it is composed of enucleated cells
(b) it is a nonliving layer (c) smooth muscles attached to the ciliary
(c) its cells are least penetrable by bacteria body
(d) it has no blood supply. (d) smooth muscles attached to the iris

72. Myelin sheath is produced by : 78. Nissl bodies are mainly composed of
(a) Astrocytes and Schwann cells (a) Proteins and lipids
(b) Oligodendrocytes and Osteoclasts (b) DNA and RNA
(c) Osteoclasts and Astrocytes (c) Free ribosomes and RER
(d) Schwann cells and Oligodendrocytes (d) Nucleic acids and SER

73. Which of the following structures or 79. Which part of the brain is responsible for
regions is incorrectly paired with its thermoregulation?
functions? (a) Cerebrum
(a) Medulla oblongata : controls respiration (b) Hypothalamus
and cardiovascular reflexes. (c) Corpus callosum
(b) Limbic system : consists of fibre tracts (d) Medulla oblongata
that interconnect different regions of brain;
controls movement. 80. Which of the following statements is
(c) Corpus callosum : band of fibers correct?
connecting left and right cerebral (a) Cornea is an external, transparent and
hemispheres. protective proteinacious covering of the eye-
(d) Hypothalamus : production of releasing ball.
hormones and regulation of (b) Cornea consists of dense connective
temperature, hunger and thirst. tissue of elastin and can repair itself.
(c) Cornea is convex, transparent layer which
74. A temporary endocrine gland in the is highly vascularised.
human body is : (d) Cornea consists of dense matrix of
(a) Corpus cardiacum collagen and is the most sensitive portion the
(b) corpus luteum eye.
(c) Corpus allatum
(d) Pineal gland 81. Match the following hormones with the
respective disease
75.Receptor sites for neurotransmitters are (a) Insulin (i) Addison's
present on : disease
(a) Pre-synaptic membrane (b) Thyroxin (ii) Diabetes
(b) Tips of axons insipidus
(c) Post-synaptic membrane (c) Corticoids (iii) Acromegaly
(d) Membrane of synaptic vesicles (d) Growth Hormone (iv) Goitre
76. Good vision depends on adequate intake (v) Diabetes
of carotene rich food : mellitus
Select the best option from the following Select the correct option.
statements : (a) (b) (c) (d)
(a) Vitamin A derivatives are formed from (1) (v) (i) (ii) (iii)
carotene (2) (ii) (iv) (iii) (i)
(b) The photopigments are embedded in the (3) (v) (iv) (i) (iii)
membrane discs of the inner segment (4) (ii) (iv) (i) (iii)
(c) Retinal is a derivative of Vitamin A
(d) Retinal is a light absorbing part of all the 82. Which of the following would help in
visual photopigments prevention of diuresis?
Options : (1) Atrial natriuretic factor causes
(1) (a), (c) and (d) vasoconstriction
(2) (a) and (c) (2) Decrease in secretion of renin by JG cells
(3) (b), (c) and (d) (3) More water reabsorption due to
(4) (a) and (b) undersecretion of ADH
(4) Reabsorption of Na+ and water from renal
77. The transparent lens in the human eye is tubules due to aldosterone
held in its place by
(a) ligaments attached to the ciliary body 83. Match the following columns and select
(b) ligaments attached to the iris the correct option.
 Column-I Column-II
(a) Organ of Corti (i) Connects
middle ear and pharynx
(b) Cochlea (ii) Coiled part of
the labyrinth
(c) Eustachian tube (iii) Attached to
the oval window
(d) Stapes (iv) Located on the
basilar membrane
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(1) (iv) (ii) (i) (iii)
(2) (i) (ii) (iv) (iii)
(3) (ii) (iii) (i) (iv)
(4) (iii) (i) (iv) (ii)

84. The plant hormone used to destroy

weeds in a field
(1) IBA
(2) IAA
(3) NAA
(4) 2, 4-D
 9.
Solutions : Solution: (d)
Iris controls the size of pupil by
contracting or relaxing of its circular
1. muscles. It controls the amount of light
Solution: (a) entering in eye.
Vulture, some other birds and man have 10.
acute vision. Solution: (d)
2. Fovea centralis is the most sensitive part
Solution: (b) of retina (in fact most sensitive part of the
Retina has 2 layers, an outer heavily eye). This is the area of most acute vision.
pigmented (melanin containing) layer and Actually it is a small depression present in
an inner neurosensory layer. The inner mammals (not in frog) at macula lutea or
layer consists of rods and cones, bipolar yellow spot.
nerve cells and large ganglionic nerve cells. 11.
3. Solution: (a)
Solution: (a) Pupil is the opening which controls the
Xth pair of cranial nerves (vagus nerves) amount of light entering in eye. When light
has a motor branch called cardiac nerve intensity is high, it decreases in size and
which innervate cardiac muscles. when light intensity is low it dilates to allow
4. more light in the eye to make eye enable to
Solution: (d) see the object.
Sympathetic system prepares the body for 12.
stress or emergency conditions while Solution: (b)
parasympathetic system is associated with Conditioned reflexes (reflexes developed by
the period of rest. So when one faces the training and learning) were first
stress or emergency conditions sympathetic demonstrated by Russian Scientist Ivan
system enlarges the pupil to allow more Pavlov in dogs. He used to ring the bell
light in the eye while during rest while giving the food to his dog, after some
parasympathetic nervous system constricts time when only bell is rung watering of
the pupil to its normal condition. mouth started in dog i.e. dog learnt a close
5. association of food and bell and it gets into
Solution: (d) dog‘s reflexes.
It is the cavity of diancephelone which is 13.
connected ahead with the lateral ventricles Solution: (c)
or paracoel of cerebral hemisphere by Association neurons.
foramen of Monro& behind with the iter 14.
(the duct of midbrain). The ventral wall of Solution: (b)
diocoel in known as hypothalamus. Respiratory centre is situated bilaterally in
6. medulla oblongata, while breathing is
Solution: (a) controlled by pneumotaxic and apneustic
Vagus nerve is 10th pair of nerves arising centres in pons varolii. Impulse for
from medulla oblongata of brain. These are voluntary forced breathing starts in
mixed nerves i.e. having both sensory as cerebral hemisphere.
well as motor nerve fibres. 15.
7. Solution: (c)
Solution: (b) In mammals, the sympathetic nerves arise
Afferent nerve fibres – sensory nerve fibres from thoraco-lumbar nerves (autonomic
which carry senses from receptors to brain nervous system).
or spinal cord (CNS). Efferent nerve fibres – 16.
motor nerve fibres carry orders or Solution: (d)
responses from CNS to effectors (muscles The activities of all visceral organs are
and glands). coordinated through the regulation of their
8. smooth muscles and glands by the nerve
Solution: (c) fibres of the sympathetic and
Iris consists of two layers, outer thickened parasympathetic nervous system. These
layer is continuation with choroid and constitute the autonomic nervous system
inner simple cuboidal epithelium layer which carry out functions that are not
continued from retina. under the control of our will.
17. Source Intensity (dB) Breathing 10
Solution: (b) Broadcasting studio 20 Trickling clock 30
Cornea transplants are easy, since there Library 30 – 35 Normal conversetion 35 –
are no blood vessels involved. 60 Telephone office Noise 60 – 80 Alarm
18. clock 70 – 80 Traffic 50 – 90 Motorcycle
Solution: (a) 105 Jet fly over 100 – 110 Train whistle
Prominent granules (Nissl‘s granules) 110 Air craft 110 – 120
observed in the cytoplasm of the cyton are 25.
believed to be made of ribosomes. A Nissl Solution: (b)
body (or Nissl granule or tigroid body) is a It takes some time for rhodopsin to split
large granular body found in nerve cells. It into scotopsin and retinal (bleading) and
was named after Franz Nissl, German release of transmitter passing nerve inpulse
neurologist (1860-1919). Nissl bodies can via bipolar and ganglion cells to the optic
be demonstrated by selective staining, nerves. This is a case of adaptation. It
which was developed by Nissl and the stain differs from accomodations which is a
used was an aniline stain to label reflex mechanism by which the focus of the
extranuclear RNA granules.These granules eye change to make the images of distant
are rough endoplasmic reticulum (with and near objects sharp on the retina.
ribosomes) and are the site of protein 26.
synthesis.Nissl bodies show changes under Solution: (c)
various physiological conditions and in The outermost layer of the eye ball is
pathological conditions they may dissolve fibrous in nature. Two-third part of this
and disappear (karyolysis). layer is opaque and lies inside the eyeorbit
19. and is known as sclera.The remaining
Solution: (c) onethird of the outer layer is transparent
Melanin is the pigment which gives colour and bulges out to form the cornea.There is
to the skin. Retinol is the other name for no supply of blood in cornea.
vitamin A. Sclerotin is the component of 27.
the carapace in crustaceans. Solution: (b)
20. Neurons are the chief functional units of
Solution: (d) the nervous system. An ordinary neuron
In this manner, they block transmission of has a soma or cyton and a long thread
nerve impulse. called axon which is enclosed in a
21. multilayered myelin sheath, made by
Solution: (d) Schwann cells. The myelin sheath is
A reflex action is a nerve mediated interrupted at the spaces between schwann
spontaneous, automatic and involuntary cells to form gaps. These gaps are called
response to a stimulus acting through Nodes of Ranvier. These nodes and the
specific receptors without consulting the myelin sheath create condition that speed
will of the animal. up the nerve impulses.
22. 28.
Solution: (b) Solution: (d)
Stretching and relaxation of suspensory A primitive type of nervous system,
ligament changes the focal length of lens without brain is found in the form of intra
for accommodation. epidermal nerve net. However, there is no
23. brain in Hydra to coordinate the response.
Solution: (c) 29.
Neuroglia are non-nervous cells Solution: (b)
presentalong with and in between the Cockroach has compound eye composed of
neurons in central nervous system, ganglia many units called ommatidia. It comprises
and retina. They have roles like myelin a cornea lens, crystalline cone, a graph of
formation, transport of materials to usually 7–8 retinal cells radially arranged
neurons, maintenance of ionic balance and around a central rhabdome
phagocytosis. 30.
24. Solution: (a)
Solution: (b) Muscles of the tongue are invested by the
The word noise is taken from the latin 12th cranial nerve, Hypoglossal. The 10th
word nausea and is defined as unwanted or cranial nerve, vagus supplies the viscera of
unpleasant sound that causes discomfort. the thorax, abdominal region and thus
controls gastrointestinal, cardiac dendrites are usually shorter, tapering and
movements and pancreatic secretion. much branched processes which may be
31. one to several. These two are only present
Solution: (c) in nerve cells.
In a resting state of the neural membrane, 38.
Na+ concentration is higher on the outer Solution: (d)
side and K+ concentration is more within The diagramnatic cross section of a single
the cell. This concentration gradient is loop of human cochlea represents the three
maintained by voltage gated channels. different partsA- Perilymph B- Tertorial
Hence if diffusion is allowed Na+ would membrane C-Endolymph Cochlea arises
enter the cell and K+ would leave. from sacculus. It is spirally coiled duct. It is
32. also known as Lagena. It is connected with
Solution: (b) sacculus by duct of Reunies.
The neurons are cells specialised to 39.
conduct an electrochemical current. Solution: (c)
Neuron cells do not have the capability of Rod cells is a type of light sensitive
division. receptor cell present in the retinas of
33. vertebrates. Rod contains the pigment
Solution: (a) rhodopsin and are essential for vision in
Abducens nerve is the sixth cranial nerve. dim light. Cone cells is a type of light
It supplies the extraocular muscle (superior sensitive receptor cell, found in retinas of
oblique) of eyeball, therefore controls all diurnal vertebrates. Cones are
movement of the eyeball. specialized to transmit information about
34. colour and are responsible for the visual
Solution: (c) acuity of the eye. They function best in
Autonomic nerveous system regulates and bright light.
coordinates involuntry activities like heart 40.
beat, homeostasis, body temperature, Solution: (d)
breathing, gut peristalsis and secretion of Total sum of physio-electrochemical
glands. Human intestine shows movements changes that takes place along the length
during food digestion called peristalsis. of nerve fibre is known as nerve impulse.
35. Change in potential due to stimulation of
Solution: (d) nerve fibre is called action potential. During
Once the events of depolarization have propagation of nerve impulse, Na+ enters
occurred, a nerve impulse or spike is inside so (+ve) change is formed inside the
initiated. Action potential is another name membrane. K+ ions come out.
of nerve impulse. It lasts about 1 msec 41.
(millisecond). The stimulalted, negatively Solution: (b)
charged point on the outside of the Cornea transplant in humans is almost
membrane sends out an electrical current never rejected. This is because it has no
to the positive point (still polarized adjacent blood supply. Cornea is a transparent layer
to it). This local current causes the of tissue, continuous with the sclerotic,
adjacent inner part of the membrane to that forms the front part of the vertebrate
reverse its potential from –70 mV to +30 eye, over the iris and lens.
mV. The reversal repeats itself over and 42.
over until the nerve impulse is conducted Solution: (b)
through the length of the neuron. Alzheimer disease in humans is associated
36. with the deficiency of acetylcholine.
Solution: (d) Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter
When the set point of hypothalamus is produced by neurons referred to as
disturbed by high temperature, it cholinergic neurons. Acetylcholine plays a
stimulates vasodilation and sweating while role in skeletal muscle movement, as well
in low temperature there is as in the regulation of smooth muscle and
vasoconstriction and shivering. cardiac muscle. Acetylcholine is
37. synthesized from choline and acetyl
Solution: (d) coenzyme-A through the action of the
The cytoplasm immediately surrounding enzyme choline acetyltransferase and
the nucleus is loaded with protein synthetic becomes packaged into membranebound
machinery and is called perikaryon, vesicles.
43. personality disorder isn't well understood.
Solution: (c) Diagnosis is made based on symptoms.
Hypothalamus part of human brain is Symptoms include emotional instability,
concerned with the regulation of body feelings of worthlessness, insecurity,
temperature. The hypothalamus is a impulsivity and impaired social
portion of the brain that contains a number relationships.
of small nuclei with a variety of functions.
The hypothalamus is small cone-shaped 53. (b) Myelin sheath wrapped around the
structure, projects downward, ending in nerve axon. Oligodendrocytes are neuroglial
the pituitary. cells which produce myelin sheath in central
44. nervous system while Schwann cell produces
Solution: (a) myelin sheath in peripheral nervous system.
Hypothalamus contains important nerve 54.
centres that controls the body temperature, (c) 1,3 and 4
thirst, hunger and eating, water balance 55.
and sexual function. (d) voluntary motor impulses
45. 56.
Solution: (d) (d) Synapse is the close proximity of the
When a neurone is in resting state i.e., not axon of one neuron and the dendrite or
conducting any impulse, the axonal cyton of another neuron with a gap of just
membrane is comparatively more about 200 Å in between. A nerve impulse is
permeable to K+ ion and nearly transmitted across the synapse by the
impermeable to Na+ ions. release from the presynaptic membrane of
46. neurotransmitter, which diffuses across the
synaptic cleft to the post synaptic
Solution: (a) membrane. This triggers the propagation of
Rhodopsin contained in the rod type of the impulse from the dendrite along the
photoreceptor cells of human eye is a length of the post synaptic neuron.
derivative of vitamin B1.
47. 57.
Solution: (c)
(d) The hypothalamus is a small region of the
The human hind brain comprises of pons,
brain. It's located at the base of the brain,
cerebellum and medulla oblongata.
near the pituitary gland While it's very small,
48.
the hypothalamus plays a crucial role in
Solution: (c)
many important functions, including:
Vestibular apparatus is a part of inner ear
releasing hormones. regulating body
which has no role in hearing but
temperature.
responsible for the maintenance of balance
of the body and posture.
49. 58.
Solution: (a) (b) Otorhinolaryngology is the study of ENT
Epinephrine and norepinephrine are that means ear, nose and throat.
secreted by adrenalmedulla in response to
stress of any kind and during emergency 59.
situations and are called emergency (b) Human hind brain comprises pons,
hormones or hormones of flight, or fight. cerebellum and medulla (also called the
50. medulla oblongata).
Solution: (c)
The most abundant intracellular cation is 60.
K+. (a) When a neuron is not conducting any
51. impulse, i.e., resting, the axonal membrane
Solution: (c) is comparatively more permeable to
Insulin is a hormone secreted by the bcells of potassium ions (K+) and nearly impermeable
pancreas and it controls the sugar to sodium ions.
level in blood. 61.
52.
(a) On outerside a plasma membrane + ve
(c) A mental disorder characterised by
charge and innerside is -ve charge
unstable moods, behaviour and
relationships. The cause of borderline
62.
 (c) A small oval, yellowish area of the retina membrane. But at the level of junction
lying exactly opposite the centre of the between two Schwann's cells myelin can not
cornea is named the macula lutea or yellow be formed and thus a gap appears.
spot which has at its middle a shallow
depression, the fovea centralis. The fovea 69.
centralis has cone cells only. It is devoid of (b) Major intracellular cation is K+ Major
rods and blood vessels. The fovea centralis is extracellular cation is Na+ Ca+ play major
the place of most distinct vision. role in signal transduction pathways. H+ is
found in aqueous solution of all ac
63.
(b) Action potential is the change in electrical 70.
potential that occurs across a plasma (c) bular system, apparatus of the inner ear
membrane during the passage of a nerve involved in balance. The vestibular
impulse. As an impulse travels in a wavelike system consists of two structures of the bony
manner along the axon of a nerve, it causes labyrinth of the inner ear, the vestibule and
a localized and transient switch in electric the semicircular canals, and the structures
potential across the membrane from - 60 mV
of the membranous labyrinth contained
(millivolts; the resting potential) to + 45 mV.
within them. The vestibular system is the
It is due to the fact that the sodium channels
open and the potassium channels remain sensory apparatus of the inner ear that
closed. As a result, sodium channels permit helps the body maintain its postural
the influx of Na+ by diffusion from equilibrium. The information furnished by
extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid. the vestibular system is also essential for
coordinating the position of the head and the
64. movement of the eyes.
(d) First negative, then positive and again
back to negative 71. (d) Cornea is a transparent layer of
tissue continuous with sclerotic that forms
65. the front part of vertebrate eye over the iris
(a) Olfactory glands, also known and lens. It refracts light waves entering the
as Bowman's glands, are a type of eye onto lens. Cornea is avascular (i.e., has
nasal gland situated in the olfactory mucosa, no blood supply). It is one of the first organs
beneath the olfactory epithelium, in the to be successfully transplanted because it
lamina propria, a connective tissue also lacks blood vessels.
containing fibroblasts, blood vessels and
bundles of fine axons from
72(d)
the olfactory neurons.
Myelin is an insulating layer, or sheath that
forms around nerves, including those in the
66.
brain and spinal cord. It is made up of
(a) movement of eye ball protein and fatty substances. This myelin
67. sheath allows electrical impulses to transmit
(d) Inferior Collicule. The inferior quickly and efficiently along the nerve cells.
colliculus is a part of the midbrain that chwann cells make myelin in the peripheral
serves as a main auditory (sound) center for nervous system (PNS: nerves) and
the body. It acts as the channel for almost all oligodendrocytes in the central nervous
auditory signals in the human body. Its system (CNS: brain and spinal cord). In the
primary roles are signal integration, PNS, one Schwann cell forms a single myelin
frequency recognition, and pitch sheath By contrast, in the CNS, the
discrimination. oligodendrocyte sends cell processes to
myelinate multiple segments on many axons.
68.
(d) At the level of node of Ranvier the myelin
sheath is discontinuous but not the 73(b)
neurilemma lining. Actually myelin sheath is The medulla oblongata or simply medulla is
an integral part of Schwann's cell - which a long stem-like structure which makes up
form a continuous neurilemmal covering. the lower part of the brainstem. It is anterior
Each Schwann's cell wrap-around the and partially inferior to the cerebellum. It is
neurite to form concentric layers of plasma a cone-shaped neuronal mass responsible
for autonomic (involuntary) functions, can be another nerve cell, or a muscle cell,
ranging from vomiting to sneezing. It plays or a gland cell. They are chemicals made by
an essential role in passing messages the nerve cell specifically to transmit the
between your spinal cord and brain. It's also message.
essential for regulating your cardiovascular
and respiratory systems.
76. (a)
The limbic system is a set of structures in Carotene is the chief source of Vitamin A
the brain that deal with emotions and derivative, Retinal. Retinal is he light
memory. It regulates autonomic or endocrine absorbing part of all photopigments
function in response to emotional stimuli
and also is involved in reinforcing behavior .
77 (a)
The corpus callosum is a large, C-shaped Lens in the human eye is held in its place by
nerve fiber bundle found beneath the suspensory ligaments attached to the ciliary
cerebral cortex. It stretches across the body.
midline of the brain, connecting the left and The ciliary body is a part of the eye that
right cerebral hemispheres. It makes up the includes the ciliary muscle, which controls
largest collection of white matter tissue the shape of the lens, and
found in the brain. the ciliary epithelium, which produces the
aqueous humor. The aqueous humor is
The hypothalamus is a part of the brain that produced in the non-pigmented portion of
has a vital role in controlling many the ciliary body
bodily functions including the release of
hormones from the pituitary gland
78 (c)
A Nissl body, also known as Nissl
substance and Nissl material, is a large
74 (b) granular body found in neurons. These
The Corpus luteum is a temporary endocrine granules are of rough endoplasmic reticulum
gland in the human body because it is only (RER) with rosettes of free ribosomes, and
formed during pregnancy conditions in the are the site of protein synthesis.
woman.
A corpus luteum is a mass of cells that
forms in an ovary and is responsible for the 79(b)
production of the hormone progesterone The hypothalamus is a portion of the brain
during early pregnancy. The role of that contains a number of small nuclei with
the corpus luteum depends on whether or a variety of functions. One of the most
not fertilization occurs. Sometimes, cysts can important functions of the hypothalamus is
form in a corpus luteum, which can lead to to link the nervous system to the endocrine
painful symptoms. system via the pituitary gland.
the corpus allatum is an endocrine gland
which generates juvenile hormone; as such, 80 (d)
it plays a crucial role in metamorphosis. Cornea consists of dense matrix of collagen
The pineal gland is a small, pea- and corneal epithelium. It is the most
shaped gland in the brain. Its function isn't sensitive part of eye.
fully understood. Researchers do know that The covering of the eye ball is not cornea but
it produces and regulates some hormones, mainly sclera. Cornea only covers one-third
part.
75(c) 81 (c)
In a chemical synapse, the postsynaptic
membrane is the membrane that receives a Insulin deficiency leads to diabetes mellitus
signal (binds neurotransmitter) from the A goiter can sometimes occur when
presynaptic cell and responds via your thyroid gland produces too
depolarisation or hyperpolarisation. much thyroid hormone. In someone who has
Graves' disease, antibodies produced by the
Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers immune system mistakenly attack
that transmit a message from a nerve cell the thyroid gland, causing it to produce
across the synapse to a target cell. The target excess thyroxine.
82(d)
• Less water reabsorption takes place due to
under secretion of ADH. ADH constantly
regulates and balances the amount of water
in your blood.
• Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) causes
vasodilation and thereby decrease the blood
pressure.
• Diuresis is prevented by increase in
secretion of renin by JG cells.

83(a)
The organ of Corti is a specialized sensory
epithelium that allows for the transduction
of sound vibrations into neural signals.
The organ of Corti itself is located on the
basilar membrane.
The cochlea is the coiled portion of the
bony labyrinth in the petrosal portion of the
temporal bone that contains perilymph.
The eustachian tube is a canal
that connects the middle ear to
the nasopharynx, which consists of the
upper throat and the back of the nasal
cavity.
The stapes, which is the smallest bone in the
human body, is also the last of the three
auditory ossicles. It is connected to the oval
window.

84 (c) Some synthetic auxins are used as

weedicides. 2,4-D is widely used to remove
broad leaved weeds or dicotyledonous weeds
in cereal crops or
monocotyledonous plants. IAA and IBA are
natural auxins. NAA is a synthetic auxin.