1. Wilhelm Wundt is primarily known for establishing the first formal laboratory for research in psychology.
2. The passage provides a quiz of multiple choice questions covering topics in psychology, including key figures, theories, research methods, and concepts.
3. The final question asks about a personality disorder characterized by manipulative, aggressive, exploitive behavior and lack of conscience.
1. Wilhelm Wundt is primarily known for establishing the first formal laboratory for research in psychology.
2. The passage provides a quiz of multiple choice questions covering topics in psychology, including key figures, theories, research methods, and concepts.
3. The final question asks about a personality disorder characterized by manipulative, aggressive, exploitive behavior and lack of conscience.
1. Wilhelm Wundt is primarily known for establishing the first formal laboratory for research in psychology.
2. The passage provides a quiz of multiple choice questions covering topics in psychology, including key figures, theories, research methods, and concepts.
3. The final question asks about a personality disorder characterized by manipulative, aggressive, exploitive behavior and lack of conscience.
1. Wilhelm Wundt is primarily known for establishing the first formal laboratory for research in psychology.
2. The passage provides a quiz of multiple choice questions covering topics in psychology, including key figures, theories, research methods, and concepts.
3. The final question asks about a personality disorder characterized by manipulative, aggressive, exploitive behavior and lack of conscience.
1. For which of the following is Wilhelm Wundt primarily known?
A. The establishment of the first formal laboratory for research in psychology B. The distinction between mind and body as two separate entities C. The discovery of how signals are conducted along nerves in the body D. The development of the first formal program for training in psychotherapy 2. Fred, a tennis coach, insists that he can make any reasonably healthy individual into an internationally competitive tennis player. Fred is echoing the thoughts of: A. Sigmund Freud. B. John B. Watson. C. Abraham Maslow. D. William James. 3. Which of the following is a statement with which Skinner’s followers would agree? A. The whole is greater than the sum of its parts. B. The goal of behavior is self-actualization. C. Nature is more influential than nurture. D. Free will is an illusion. 4. Which of the following approaches has the most optimistic view of human nature? A. Humanism B. Behaviorism C. Psychoanalysis D. Structuralism 5. ______________ psychology examines behavioral processes in terms of their adaptive value for a species over the course of many generations. A. Clinical B. Cognitive C. Evolutionary D. Physiological 6. The study of the endocrine system and genetic mechanisms would most likely be undertaken by a: A. clinical psychologist. B. physiological psychologist. C. social psychologist. D. educational psychologist. 7. Psychology’s answer to the question of whether we are “born” or “made” tends to be that: A. we are “born.” B. we are “made.” C. we are both “born” and “made.” D. neither is correct. 8. A psychologist monitors a group of nursery school children during the school day, recording each instance of helping behavior as it occurs, without any intervention. The psychologist is using: A. the experimental method. B. naturalistic observation. C. case studies. D. the survey method. 9. Alterations in activity at dopamine synapses have been implicated in the development of: A. anxiety. B. schizophrenia. C. Alzheimer’s disease. D. nicotine addiction. 10. The __________ lobe is to hearing what the occipital lobe is to vision. A. frontal B. temporal C. parietal D. cerebellar 11. Hormones are to the endocrine system what __________________ are to the nervous system. A. nerves B. synapses C. neurotransmitters D. action potentials 12. Adopted children’s similarity to their biological parents is generally attributed to ____________; adopted children’s similarity to their adoptive parents is generally attributed to ____________. A. heredity; the environment B. the environment; heredity C. the environment; the environment D. heredity; heredity 13. The term used to refer to the stimulation of the sense organs is: A. sensation. B. perception. C. transduction. D. adaptation. 14. The primary visual cortex is located in the: A. occipital lobe. B. temporal lobe. C. parietal lobe. D. frontal lobe. 15. A readiness to perceive a stimulus in a particular way is referred to as (a): A. Gestalt. B. feature analysis. C. perceptual set. D. congruence. 16. In a painting, train tracks may look as if they go off into the distance because the artist draws the tracks as converging lines, a monocular cue to depth known as: A. interposition. B. texture gradient. C. relative size. D. linear perspective. 17. In what way(s) is the sense of taste like the sense of smell? A. There are four primary stimulus groups for both senses. B. Both systems are routed through the thalamus on the way to the cortex. C. The physical stimuli for both senses are chemical substances dissolved in fluid. D. All of the above. E. None of the above. 18. After repeated pairings of a tone with meat powder, Pavlov found that a dog will salivate when the tone is presented. Salivation to the tone is a(n): A. unconditioned stimulus. B. unconditioned response. C. conditioned stimulus. D. conditioned response. 19. Sam’s wife always wears the same black nightgown whenever she is in the mood for sexual relations. Sam becomes sexually aroused as soon as he sees his wife in the nightgown. For Sam, the nightgown is a(n): A. unconditioned stimulus. B. unconditioned response. C. conditioned stimulus. D. conditioned response. 20. Positive reinforcement ________ the rate of responding; negative reinforcement _________the rate of responding. A. increases; decreases B. decreases; increases C. increases; increases D. decreases; decreases 21. Albert Bandura: A. was the first to describe species-specific learning tendencies. B. was the founder of behaviorism. C. pioneered the study of classical conditioning. D. pioneered the study of observational learning. 22. Getting information into memory is called ___________; getting information out of memory is called ___________. A. storage; retrieval B. encoding; storage C. encoding; retrieval D. storage; encoding 23. The capacity of short-term memory is: A. about 50,000 words. B. unlimited. C. about 25 stimuli. D. thought to be 7 plus or minus 2 chunks of information. 24. Amnesia in which people lose memories for events that occurred prior to their injury is called ___________ amnesia. A. anterograde B. retrospective C. retrograde D. episodic 25. If decay theory is correct: A. information can never be permanently lost from long-term memory. B. forgetting is simply a case of retrieval failure. C. the principal cause of forgetting should be the passage of time. D. all of the above. 26. On most modern IQ tests, a score of 115 would be: A. about average. B. about 15% higher than the average of one’s age-mates. C. an indication of genius. D. one standard deviation above the mean. 27. During the second year of life, toddlers begin to take some personal responsibility for feeding, dressing, and bathing themselves in an attempt to establish what Erikson calls a sense of: A. superiority. B. industry. C. generativity. D. autonomy. 28. If a child’s primary reason for not drawing pictures on the living room wall with crayons is to avoid the punishment that would inevitably follow this behavior, the child would be said to be at which level of moral development? A. Conventional B. Postconventional C. Preconventional D. Unconventional 29. Stereotypes: A. reflect normal cognitive processes that frequently are automatic. B. are widely held beliefs that people have certain characteristics because of their membership in a particular group. C. tend to be broad overgeneralizations that ignore the diversity within social groups. D. are all of the above. 30. A father suggests that his son’s low marks in school are due to the child’s laziness. The father has made _______________ attribution. A. an external B. an internal C. a situational D. a high consensus 31. The fundamental attribution error refers to the tendency of: A. observers to favor external attributions in explaining the behavior of others. B. observers to favor internal attributions in explaining the behavior of others. C. actors to favor external attributions in explaining the behavior of others. D. actors to favor internal attributions in explaining their behavior. 32. Which of the following factors is not one that influences interpersonal attraction? A. Physical attractiveness B. Similarity C. Reciprocity D. Latitude of acceptance 33. The results of Milgram’s (1963) study imply that: A. in the real world, most people will refuse to follow orders to inflict harm on a stranger. B. many people will obey an authority figure even if innocent people get hurt. C. most people are willing to give obviously wrong answers when ordered to do so. D. most people stick to their own judgment, even when group members unanimously disagree. 34. The notion that health is governed by a complex interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors is referred to as the: A. medical model. B. multifactorial model. C. biopsychosocial model. D. interactive model. 35. Although Sue always feels a high level of dread, worry, and anxiety, she still manages to meet her daily responsibilities. Sue’s behavior: A. should not be considered abnormal because her adaptive functioning is not impaired. B. should not be considered abnormal because everyone sometimes experiences worry and anxiety. C. can still be considered abnormal because she feels great personal distress. D. both A and B. 36. People who consistently come up with ___________ explanations for negative events are more prone to depression. A. overly optimistic B. pessimistic C. delusional D. dysthymic 37. Mary believes that while she sleeps at night, space creatures are attacking her and invading her uterus, where they will multiply until they are ready to take over the world. Mary was chosen for this task, she believes, because she is the only one with the power to help the space creatures succeed. Mary would most likely be diagnosed with: A. schizophrenia B. major depression C. bipolar disorder D. PTSD 38. The syndrome characterized by manipulative, aggressive, exploitive behavior and a lack of conscience is: A. borderline personality disorder. B. narcissistic personality disorder. C. histrionic personality disorder. D. antisocial personality disorder. 39. Victims of ________________ are more likely to recognize that their eating behavior is pathological; the more life-threatening eating disorder is _________________. A. anorexia nervosa; bulimia nervosa B. bulimia nervosa; anorexia nervosa C. anorexia nervosa; anorexia nervosa D. bulimia nervosa; bulimia nervosa 40. The most convincing evidence for the theory that personality is heavily influenced by genetics is provided by strong personality similarity between: A. identical twins reared together. B. identical twins reared apart. C. fraternal twins reared together. D. nontwins reared together. Answers 1. A 11. C 21. D 31. B 2. B 12. A 22. C 32. D 3. D 13. A 23. D 33. B 4. A 14. A 24. C 34. C 5. C 15. C 25. C 35. C 6. B 16. D 26. D 36. B 7. C 17. C 27. D 37. A 8. B 18. D 28. C 38. D 9. B 19. C 29. D 39. B 10. B 20. C 30. B 40. B