Psychology 40S Final Exam

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. The cross-cultural approach adds a valuable dimension to psychology in suggesting that:

a. in order to be a fully developed person, you have to spend some time living with other
groups
b. anthropology explains behavior better than psychology does
c. the culture in which you grow up affects your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
d. what psychology learns about one race is probably not true about other races
2. According to the textbook, the fact that Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder was a small problem in the
United States 25 years ago and now is commonly diagnosed suggests the need to:
a. improve the training of psychologists and psychiatrists
b. adequately define the disorder in terms of behavior rather than medical tests
c. inform the public on alternative medicines
d. carefully conduct research to clear up the controversies that surround the disorder
3. Which of the following is not a commonly used method for answering questions?
a. survey
b. case study
c. introspection
d. experiment
4. Juan has been smoking for years and really wants to quit. He decided to buy a specially formulated vitamin
that he saw advertised on TV. Since he has taken the vitamin, his urge to smoke has disappeared. Juan is most
likely to have experienced a(n):
a. placebo effect
b. double blind effect
c. experimenter effect
d. dependent effect
5. There is a positive correlation between duration of breastfeeding and intelligence test scores. This means:
a. breastfeeding causes increases in intelligence
b. that long periods of breastfeeding result in lower test scores
c. experiences in childhood can affect adulthood
d. cause and effect statements cannot be made
6. Jocelyn wants to study in great depth the personality development, behaviors, and feelings of a young child.
Jocelyn should utilize:
a. a case study
b. an animal model
c. a laboratory setting
d. standardized testing
7. Who is the best case for benefiting from a behavioral treatment program for ADHD?
a. Joe who is the 9th grade
b. Leo who is in preschool
c. Kevin who possesses average social skills
d. Kenny who has severe ADHD
8. Which of the following is true about research involving animals?
a. most animals are mistreated by researchers
b. nobody watches over the care and treatment of animals
c. animal research has led to important medical advances such as medical treatments

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d. the rights of animals are not considered important

What progressive neurological disorder is characterized by memory loss, personality deterioration and
emotional outbursts?
a. Parkinson's disease
b. Multiple Sclerosis
c. Autism
d. Alzheimer's disease
You're directing actors in a movie on the human brain. The actor portraying the role of glial cell is giving you
a hard time. What can you say to the actor to improve his performance?
a. "You are a glial cell. You need to be more supportive of the actors playing neurons, so
think support!"
b. "Do you remember your lines? Do you remember how glial cells help to connect the two
hemispheres together to allow information back and forth? You better read the script
better!"
c. "Acting? You call that acting? A glial cell transmits electrical messages!"
d. "Look, there are many other actors who could do your job. Keep in mind that you, as a
glial cell, cross the synapse. Listen for your cue!"
In treating Parkinson's disease, fetal brain tissue:
a. can take the place of myelin
b. can produce acetylcholine
c. can make new connections in the patient's brain
d. has little effect
In silently naming tools such as pliers, the brain area that is most active is:
a. the front of the brain
b. the back of the brain
c. front-middle part of the brain
d. back-middle part of the brain
On your visit to the local nursing home, you meet a man with neglect syndrome caused by brain damage to
the right side. You notice his:
a. inability to speak in a clear voice
b. speech to be full of gibberish
c. tremors and difficulty walking
d. failure to comb the hair on the left side of his head
You are watching a really scary movie. The main character is about to be attacked by a monster. You look
over to the person sitting next to you and see fear in his face. What part of the limbic system allows you to
evaluate his expression?
a. hypothalamus
b. hippocampus
c. thalamus
d. amygdala
Women tend to be better than men at tasks that require:
a. spatial ability
b. verbal fluency
c. analytic ability
d. rotating mental objects
Rods are used to see:
a. shades of gray and general outlines
b. shades of color and fine detail
c. fine detail and primary colors

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d. colors and general outlines

Rachel suffers from attacks of dizziness. Her doctor says that she has a viral infection of the inner ear. Rachel
most likely has:
a. Parkinson's disease
b. Meniere's disease
c. motion sickness
d. conduction deafness
Children begin to show the expression of disgust:
a. as early as one month of age
b. between 1 and 2 years of age
c. between 2 and 4 years of age
d. after 5 years of age
What is APA?
a. American Psychoanalytic Association
b. American Psychiatric Association
c. American Schizophrenia Asssociation
d. American Psychological Association
Who initially discovered the idea of the absolute threshold?
a. Fechner
b. Weber
c. Gestalt
d. Pavlov
If a newspaper had an article about the Gestalt psychologists' position on perception, what would be the
headline?
a. "Brain Follows Rules in Perception"
b. "Perception: Adding Together Basic Sensations"
c. "Combining Elements Together"
d. "Breaking Down Perception into its Elements"
If Julie lacks size constancy, what would she probably say about a dog running towards her?
a. "Oh no! That dog shouldn't be allowed to run free like that."
b. "Wow! That dog's color is changing as it runs."
c. "Oh no! That dog is growing with every step he takes."
d. "Look at that dog. He wants to play."
An organism learns a relationship between two stimuli, such that the occurrence of one stimulus predicts the
occurrence of another. This explanation is characteristic of:
a. stimulus substitution theory
b. cognitive perspective
c. prediction theory
d. generalization theory
One of the web sites that you've recently visited was a site describing techniques for parents to manage their
children's behavior. You notice that many of the techniques are based on operant conditioning. These
techniques share what in common?
a. using consequences to influence behavior
b. using observation and imitation
c. pairing unconditioned stimuli with conditioned stimuli
d. associating unconditioned stimuli with unconditioned responses
As compared to classical conditioning, the behaviors to be learned in operant conditioning are:
a. reflexive
b. elicited

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c. automatic
d. voluntary
Professor Cao is writing words on the overhead that describe operant conditioning. You notice that she makes
a mistake. Which word did she accidentally write down that does not refer to operant conditioning?
a. voluntary
b. contingency
c. conditioned response
d. consequences
Out in the garden Lucille is given a dime for every five weeds she pulls. What reinforcement schedule is she
on?
a. fixed-ratio
b. fixed-interval
c. variable-ratio
d. variable-interval
"Poor fool," you think to yourself when your friend tells you she lost on the lottery again, "another helpless
victim of the ____ schedule of reinforcement."
a. fixed-ratio
b. variable-ratio
c. fixed-interval
d. variable-interval
The best way to be successful in class according to Susan is to:
a. be on time, bring treats, and review daily
b. attend regularly, be on time, and review daily
c. get enough sleep even if you have to sleep late, and review daily
d. copy your test answers from another student or your cell phone
You may be able to repeat a series of words that you thought you did not hear because:
a. the words are stored in echoic memory
b. you did not initially pay attention to the words that had been moved to working memory
c. stimuli often enter long-term memory without our conscious effort
d. of cross-modal memory
Who developed the world's first standardized intelligence test?
a. Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon
b. Francis Galton and B. F. Skinner
c. Howard Gardner
d. Clarence Thomas
An "environmental factor" explanation for the racial differences in IQ scores would focus on:
a. hormonal differences
b. genetic differences
c. poverty
d. biological factors
A six-month-old fetus has a good chance of surviving if born prematurely. Why?
a. the lungs function
b. it has enough body fat to maintain body temperature
c. its nervous system is functional
d. the heart begins to beat around this time
Which of the following is the correct order of psychosexual stages according to Freud?
a. projection, fixation, displacement, genital
b. anal, oral, latency, phallic, genital
c. sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete, formal

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d. oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

Three-year-old Jenny knows she's a girl. Jenny's feeling and labeling as a female exemplifies:
a. gender role
b. sex typing
c. gender identity
d. gender orientation
You are conducting research on today's teenage girls. You asked them what are the most important issues they
face today. What are those issues?
a. fitting in
b. sex and pregnancy
c. their future
d. relationship with their parents
Betsy, age 17, runs away from home and joins the circus. According to Erikson, she is most likely suffering
from which conflict?
a. generativity vs. stagnation
b. integrity vs. despair
c. intimacy vs. isolation
d. identity vs. role confusion
"I don't think that I'm capable of selecting the right answer to this question." According to Bandura, this best
illustrates weak:
a. ideal self
b. transference
c. self-actualization
d. self-efficacy
In conditioning the immune system of a rat, the UCR would be the ____.
a. allergic-producing substance
b. allergic reaction
c. flashing light
d. salivation
To cope with stress, Chuck finds a quiet place, closes his eyes, and tries to clear his mind by concentrating on
a sound. Chuck is using:
a. Transcendental Meditation
b. progressive relaxation
c. biofeedback
d. appraisal counseling
What does the research say about the gender difference in major depressive disorder?
a. An equal percentage of males and females have major depressive disorder.
b. A higher percentage of males have major depressive disorder.
c. A higher percentage of females have major depressive disorder.
d. It is impossible to say because gender data on major depressive disorder is not collected.
Electroconvulsive therapy is believed to be effective by:
a. reducing production of serotonin
b. temporarily reducing blood flow to certain areas of the brain
c. increasing production of serotonin
d. preventing reuptake of serotonin
Janet maintains the same position for hours. However, on rare occasions, she will suddenly become excited
and run around the room in circles, only to return to her frozen position. Janet appears to have:
a. paranoid schizophrenia
b. disorganized schizophrenia

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c. affective schizophrenia
d. catatonic schizophrenia
Of the following patients with schizophrenia, who has the best chance of recovery?
a. Chuck--he displays dulled emotions
b. Steven--he has negative symptoms
c. Michael--he suffers from hallucinations and delusions
d. Darin--he experiences intellectual impairment
Psychotherapy can be described by three characteristics. Of the statements said by a therapist presented
below, which is not among the three characteristics?
a. "Mr. Bear, yesterday you were talking about some of your problems with authority figures.
Please continue."
b. "Now, Mrs. Rosenberg, let us talk about your problems."
c. "This therapy consists of forming a personal relationship with your therapists."
d. "Mr. Jones, I would suggest you set more realistic goals."
The term deinstitutionalization refers to:
a. moving mental patients from the prisons into mental hospitals
b. the dramatic increase in the number of mental patients during the 1950s
c. offering low-cost mental health care to a community
d. releasing mental patients from mental hospitals and returning them to the community
What therapeutic approach focuses on threatening thoughts and desires that lead to unconscious conflicts that
create mental disorders?
a. psychoanalysis
b. client-centered therapy
c. cognitive therapy
d. behavior therapy
What roles were played in Milgram's study on obedience?
a. co-workers
b. artist and critic
c. teacher and student
d. patient and doctor
Suzie watches her mother "smack" her little brother Pete to get him to shut up. Later, when Pete begins
screaming, Suzie smacks him. According to social cognitive theory, Suzie's behavior illustrates:
a. classical conditioning
b. operant conditioning
c. imitation
d. imprinting
Most researchers agree that the primary motivation for rape is:
a. sexual urges and libido
b. catharsis
c. aggression, power, and control
d. social inhibition and deindividuation

True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
____ 51. The cross-cultural approach is the most recent of the approaches presented in Module One.
____ 52. Experimental psychology examines development throughout the lifetime.

____ 53. An effective way to stop procrastination is to focus on the final goal.
____ 54. A laboratory setting would be most appropriate if a researcher is observing individuals without attempting to
control the situation.
____ 55. Random selection refers to how subjects are assigned to experimental or control groups.
____ 56. The brain areas involved in attention are actually larger among autistic children than children without autism.
____ 57. Researchers decide for themselves what ethical guidelines to follow.
____ 58. In debriefing, a researcher asks a participant her feelings about being in the experiment.
____ 59. The double-blind procedure can avoid bias in research participants.
____ 60. Glial cells are the most numerous brain cells.
____ 61. The nerve impulse is called an action potential.
____ 62. The action potential triggers the release of neurotransmitters from the dendrites.
____ 63. Cocaine blocks the release of neurotransmitters from the end bulbs.
____ 64. Curare mimics the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
____ 65. When a child watches violence on TV, there is an increase in the activity of the cerebellum.
____ 66. The brains of women are more effectively wired than the brains of men for solving rotating figures problems.
____ 67. The visual association areas respond to specific kinds of visual stimuli such as lines and shadows.
____ 68. Changing breathing patterns can help people deal with motion sickness.
____ 69. Flavor is the result of taste and smell.
____ 70. When the image of a stimulus changes shape or size on the retina, we perceive the actual stimulus to be
changing.
____ 71. When we see the moon high in the sky, we can use depth cues provided by the landscape to judge distance.
____ 72. If you can see a dog you automatically recognize it as a dog.
____ 73. In Little Albert's case, the rat was the NS.
____ 74. According to the law of effect, behavior that is followed by positive consequences is weakened.
____ 75. Money is a primary reinforcer.
____ 76. Later in his life, Skinner recognized the importance of cognitive factors in learning.
____ 77. Brain size and intelligence are highly correlated.
____ 78. IQ is strongly correlated with job performance.
____ 79. Genetic factors account for about 50% of our intelligence.
____ 80. Nature refers to the role of genetic factors in development.
____ 81. "Head down" development is described in the cephalocaudal principle.
____ 82. Secure attachment is associated with trust and dealing better with stress.
____ 83. Positive temperaments contribute to resiliency in children.

____ 84. The most common kind of abuse is neglect.

____ 85. Cognitive development refers to changes in perception, thinking and understanding of the world.
____ 86. Passionate love involves having trusting and tender feelings for another.
____ 87. Freud emphasized the influence of unconscious forces on behavior.
____ 88. Validity refers to a test measuring what it intends to measure.
____ 89. A trait is a relatively stable and enduring tendency to behave in a certain way.
____ 90. The functioning of the immune system can be affected by stress.
____ 91. People who used integration to deal with conflict go to any lengths to win.
____ 92. Cognitive-behavioral therapy attempts to change thoughts and beliefs.
____ 93. Catatonic schizophrenia is characterized by periods of wild excitement and immobility.
____ 94. Mild depression in college students is typically related to facing new and challenging situations.
____ 95. In free association, the client is asked to say anything that comes to mind.
____ 96. Nondrug treatment programs are ineffective in helping individuals with insomnia
____ 97. Today is Dustins 20th birthday.
____ 98. Randy had a single lung transplant.
____ 99. PTSD was presented in class by a student as Post Traumatic Symptoms of Dementia.
____ 100. The Humanistic Approach suggests that you are capable of anything--you have the potential to achieve any
dream you desire.
Short Answer: Each answer is out of 5 marks.
Use the foolscap provided to respond to the following questions.
101. Think of a presentation you enjoyed in class. Write a paragraph outlining:
-who presented
-the topic
-give an overview of what was presented
-mention how this information could be incorporated into your life now or in the future
102. Draw the diagram of the neuron. Label all six parts.
103. Write a paragraph summarizing a video you saw in class. Discuss how this information could be used by you
in your life.
104. What are your plans for the future? How can you incorporate the information gained in psychology into your
future plans?