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ZOOLOGY I ANIMAL DIVERSITY-I (CLASSIFICATION, PHYLOGENY AND
ORGANIZATION)
CREDIT HOURS: 3
Aims and Objectives:
The course is designed to provide students with:
a. concepts of evolutionary relationship of animal kingdom.
b. knowledge about animal kingdom, emphasizing their phylogenetic relationships

and simple to complex mode of animal life.
c. The common processes of life through its chemistry, biochemical and molecular
processes.
Introduction
Classification of organisms; definition, concept, evolutionary relationships and tree
diagrams; patterns of organization.
Animal-Like Protists: The Protozoa:
Evolutionary perspective; life within a single plasma membrane; symbiotic life-styles.

Protozoan taxonomy: (up to phyla, subphyla and super classes, wherever applicable).
Pseudopodia and amoeboid locomotion; cilia and other pellicular structures; Nutrition;
Genetic Control and reproduction; symbiotic ciliates; further phylogenetic
considerations.
Multicellular and Tissue Levels of Organization:
Evolutionary perspective: origins of multicellularity; animal origins. Phylum porifera:

cell types, and skeletons; body forms; maintenance functions, reproduction. Phylum
cnidaria (coelenterata) the body wall and nematocysts; alternation of generations;
maintenance functions; reproduction and classification up to class. Phylum
ctenophore; further phylogenetic considerations.
The Triploblastic, Acoelomate Body Plan:
Evolutionary perspective; phylum platyhelminthes: classification up to class; the free-

living flatworms and the tapeworms; phylum nemertea; phylum gastrotricha; further
phylogenetic considerations.
The Pseudocoelomate Body Plan: Aschelminths:
Evolutionary perspective; general characteristics; classification up to phyla; Feeding

and the Digestive System, other organ systems; Reproduction and Development of
phylum phylum rotifera and phylum nematoda; phylum kinorhyncha. Some
important nematode parasites of humans; further phylogenetic considerations
Molluscan Success
Evolutionary perspective: relationships to other animals; origin of the coelom;

molluscan characteristics; classification up to class. The characteristics of shell and
associated structures, feeding, digestion, gas exchange, locomotion, reproduction and
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development, other maintenance functions and diversity in gastropods, bivalves and
cephalopods; further phylogenetic considerations.
Annelida: The Metameric Body Form
Evolutionary perspective: relationship to other animals, metamerism and tagmatization;

classification up to class. External structure and locomotion, feeding and the digestive
system, gas exchange and circulation, nervous and sensory functions, excretion,
regeneration, reproduction and development, in polychaeta, oligochaeta and hirudinea;
further phylogenetic considerations.
Arthropods: Blueprint for Success
Evolutionary perspective: classification and relationships to other animals;

metamerism and tagmatization; the exoskeleton; metamorphosis; classification up to
class; further phylogenetic considerations.
Hexapods and Myriapods: Terrestrial Triumphs
Evolutionary perspective; classification up to class. External structure and locomotion,

nutrition and the digestive system, gas exchange, circulation and temperature
regulation, nervous and sensory functions, excretion, chemical regulation, reproduction
and development in hexapoda; insect behavior; insects and humans; further
phylogenetic considerations.
The Chemical Basis of Animal Life
Atoms and elements: building blocks of all matter; compounds and molecules:
aggregates of atoms; acids, bases, and buffers; the molecules of animals: fractional
account of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleotides and nucleic acids based on their
structural aspects.
Energy and Enzymes: Life’s Driving and Controlling Forces
Energy and the laws of energy transformation; activation energy; enzymes: structure,
function and factors affecting their activity; cofactors and coenzymes; ATP: how cells
convert energy? An overview.
Evaluation Criteria
Examination Type Marks
Internal Examination Sessional Work 15%
Mid-Semester 25%
External Examination Final Semester 60%
Books Recommended
th
Campbell, N. A. (2002). Biology (6 ed). Menlo Park, California: Benjamin/Cummings
Publishing Company, Inc.
Hickman, C. P. & Kats, H. L. (2000). Laboratory studies in integrated principles of

zoology. Singapore: McGraw Hill.
th
Hickman, C.P., Roberts, L.S., & Larson, A. (2004). Integrated principles of zoology (12
ed) (International). Singapore: McGraw Hill.
17
Kent, G. C. & Miller, S. (2001). Comparative anatomy of vertebrates. New York:
McGraw Hill.
th
Miller, S. A. (2002). General zoology laboratory manual (5 ed) (International).
Singapore: McGraw Hill.
th
Miller, S. A., & Harley, J. B. (2000). Zoology (6 ed) (International). Singapore: McGraw
Hill.
th
Pechenik, J. A. (2000). Biology of invertebrates, (5 ed) (International). Singapore:
McGraw Hill.
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ZOOLOGY LAB-I
CREDIT HOURS: 1
Course Content
1. Study of Euglena, Amoeba, Entamoeba, Plasmodium, Trypanosoma, Paramecium as
representative of animal like protists. (Prepared slides).
2. Study of sponges and their various body forms.
3. Study of principal representative classes of phylum Coelenterata.
4. Study of principal representative classes of phylum Platyhelminthes.
5. Study of representative of phylum Rotifera, phylum Nematoda.
6. Study of principal representative classes of phylum Mollusca.
7. Study of principal representative classes of phylum Annelida.
8. Study of principal representative classes of groups of phylum Arthropoda.
9. Brief notes on medical/economic importance of the following: Plasmodium,
Entamoeba histolitica, Leishmania, Liverfluke, Tapeworm, Earthworm,
Silkworm, Citrus butterfly.
10. Preparation of permanent stained slides of the following: Obelia, Daphnia,

Cestode, Parapodia of Nereis.
11. Tests for different carbohydrates, proteins and lipids.

Note: Emphasis on the concept that tests materials have been ultimately obtained from
living organisms and constituted their body.
12. Protein digestion by pepsin.
Evaluation Criteria
Examination Type Marks

Internal Examination Sessional Work 15%
Mid-Semester 25%
External Examination Final Semester 60%
Books Recommended
th
Campbell, N. A. (2002). Biology (6 ed). Menlo Park, California: Benjamin/Cummings
Publishing Company, Inc.
Hickman, C. P. & Kats, H. L. (2000). Laboratory studies in integrated principles of
zoology. Singapore: McGraw Hill.
th
Hickman, C.P., Roberts, L.S., & Larson, A. (2004). Integrated principles of zoology (12
ed) (International). Singapore: McGraw Hill.
Kent, G. C. & Miller, S. (2001). Comparative anatomy of vertebrates. New York:
McGraw Hill.
19
th
Miller, S. A. (2002). General zoology laboratory manual (5 ed) (International).
Singapore: McGraw Hill.
th
Miller, S. A., & Harley, J. B. (2000). Zoology (6 ed) (International). Singapore: McGraw
Hill.
th
Pechenik, J. A. (2000). Biology of invertebrates, (5 ed) (International). Singapore:
McGraw Hill.
20

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ZOOLOGY I ANIMAL DIVERSITY-I (CLASSIFICATION, PHYLOGENY AND

Aims and Objectives:

The course is designed to provide students with:

a. concepts of evolutionary relationship of animal kingdom.

b. knowledge about animal kingdom, emphasizing their phylogenetic relationships

Evolutionary perspective; life within a single plasma membrane; symbiotic life-styles.

Evolutionary perspective: origins of multicellularity; animal origins. Phylum porifera:

Evolutionary perspective; phylum platyhelminthes: classification up to class; the free-

Evolutionary perspective; general characteristics; classification up to phyla; Feeding

Evolutionary perspective: relationships to other animals; origin of the coelom;

Evolutionary perspective: relationship to other animals, metamerism and tagmatization;

Evolutionary perspective: classification and relationships to other animals;

Evolutionary perspective; classification up to class. External structure and locomotion,

Hickman, C. P. & Kats, H. L. (2000). Laboratory studies in integrated principles of

10. Preparation of permanent stained slides of the following: Obelia, Daphnia,

11. Tests for different carbohydrates, proteins and lipids.

Examination Type Marks

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