Unit 1

Introduction to AI
Excite
Q1. Define Artificial Intelligence?
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the technology and branch of computer science that deals
with the study of intelligence machines and software
Q2. List some AI term that is used all over the world.
Big data
Robotics
Machine learning
Artificial Intelligence
Neural Network
Q3. Who coined the word Artificial Intelligence. When?
John McCarthy at 1950
Q4. Explain 3 different types of AI?
a) Artificial Narrow Intelligence - ANI (Weak AI)
Designed to perform specific task. Smart speaker - Alexa, Self-driving cars, Sophia
robot
b) Artificial General Intelligence AGI (Strong AI)
Capability of understanding a vast scope of activities with generalized human
cognitive abilities. Able to find solution without human intervention. As of now we
don’t have such AI in reality only in movies.
c) Artificial Super Intelligence: ASI
Artificial Super Intelligence is a term referring to the time when the capability of
computers will surpass human.
Q5. Write 4 advantages and disadvantages of AI?
Q6. Write any 4 points how artificial intelligence versus human
intelligence?
➢ Decisions of human Intelligence is based on cognition but decisions of artificial
intelligence is based on models.
➢ Artificial intelligence is an unconscious mechanical and physical process.
Human intelligence is mainly a physical and psychological process.
➢ Artificial intelligence is not social. Human wisdom is social.
➢ Artificial intelligence does not have the initiative and creativity unique to
human consciousness. The human mind takes.
➢ In general; artificial intelligence cannot exceed the limits of human
intelligence. Regarding that computers can think, or even surpass human
thinking, the idea that computers and robots will rule humans in the future is
completely unfounded.
Q7. Explain any 5 applications of AI in our daily life?
1. Smartphones: The smartphone has many applications that running and
provided services with the help of AI. Simulates human conversation
Ex. Google Assistant, Alexa, Apple Siri, etc.
2. Social Media
Social media websites like Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, or Snapchat sending
notification and managing timelines by AI
3. Smart Home
Many smart home devices use AI to learn the behavior of the members of the
family and can adjust settings accordingly.
• Smart voice assistants playing a vital role in smart homes.
• Smart thermostats used to adjust the temperature based on the user’s
preferences.
• Smart lights change the color and intensity of lights based on time and
much more.
4. Security and Surveillance
• Thousands of cameras keep monitoring at the same time by AI only.
• Object recognition and face recognition getting better and better day by
day.
5. Self Driving car
• Uses the combination of sensors, cameras, radar and Artificial
Intelligence
• Use vast amount of data
• Includes neural network
Q8. Explain how a smart home can work using AI technology?
Many smart home devices use AI to learn the behavior of the members of the
family and can adjust settings accordingly.
• Smart voice assistants playing a vital role in smart homes.
• Smart thermostats used to adjust the temperature based on the user’s
preferences.
• Smart lights change the color and intensity of lights based on time and
much more.

Q9. List 3 domains of AI?

The three domains of AI are:
1. DATA
2. COMPUTER VISION
3. NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING (NLP)

Q10. Explain the following terms with example

1. Data
2. Natural Language processing (NLP)
3. Computer Vision

Ans- Data:
• Data is the raw facts.
• It is the core of any AI system.
• AI can learn patterns in the data to automate tasks for a variety of
business benefits.
Eg :
Amazon uses predicted data analysis for customers look outs to grow
their business

Natural Language processing (NLP):

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a branch of artificial intelligence that

deals with the interaction between computers and humans using the natural
language.
NLP allows machines to break down and interpret human language
Eg:
Virtual assistants in the form of the Amazon Echo or Google, translation
software, chatbots, spam filters, and search engines, to grammar correction
software, voice assistants, and social media monitoring tools.
Computer Vision:
• Computer vision is the field of computer science that focuses on creating
digital systems that can process, analyze, and make sense of visual data
(images or videos) in the same way that humans do.
The concept of computer vision is based on teaching computers to process an
image at a pixel level and understand it.
The machines attempt to retrieve visual information, handle it, and interpret
results through special software algorithms.
Eg:
Facebook uses facial recognition (“DeepFace”) when automatically tagging
photos that are posted to your profile. After negative feedback from many
audiences due to privacy, Facebook only allows the recognition is for opt into
it.
Computer vision is a topic in the car industry. Companies like Tesla and Google
are building self-driving cars. Cars today have Adaptive/Dynamic Cruise
Control that has the ability to maintain a safe distance from the vehicles
ahead.

Q11. What do you understand from the games . Write any 3 points
regarding each topic
1. ROCK PAPER AND SCISSORS
2. Mystery Animal
3. Emoji Scavenger Hunt
1. Rock Paper and Scissors
This game is based on the domain of AI :- Data
LEARN,ADAPT AND RESPOND
The game has 3 rules

1. Paper can wrap a rock

2. Scissor can cut the paper
3. Rock can break the scissor

Guess what the opponent will choose and make an appropriate shape to defeat
them.
2. Mystery Animal
The game Mystery Animal is based on one of the domains of AI:- NLP.
The AI detects voice, processes what we are saying and then guesses which
animal we are talking about.
 3.Emoji Scavenger Hunt
The one Emoji Scavenger Hunt is which is based on the domains of
Al :- Computer Vision.
The AI gives us an emoji and we have to find that object and show it to the
camera before the time gets over.
The camera sees the image we are showing, processes it, checks if it matches
the emoji and tells us the result.

Relate

Q1 Define SMART CITY?

Smart cities are cities that have digital technology embedded all over the
cities.
Q2. What are the objectives of SMART CITY?
. Provide basic infrastructure
. Increase's quality of life
. Clean and sustainable environment
. Bringing in harmony and quality of work
. Application of smart solutions
Q3. What are the components of SMART CITY?
• Smart infrastructure
• Smart economy
• Smart environment
• Smart services
• Smart governance
• Smart people
• Smart living
• Smart transportation
Q4. Write any three points on
1. SMART Governance
2. SMART Living
3. SMART Mobilty
4. SMART Environment
5. SMART Economy
6. SMART People
7. SMART Home
a) Smart governance-
1.Use Internet and digital Technology to facilitate better planning and decision
making.
2. Improving the democratic progress and transforming the ways which public
government are delivered.
3. It includes e-government, the efficiency agenda and mobile working.
b) Smart living-
1. Latest technologies implementing diverse cultural facilities.
2. World class hospitals and universities.
3. Good quality housing
c) Smart Mobilty-
1. Good access to various cities by road, air and water.
2. Use of high technology for the construction of bridge highways.
3. Intelligent transport systems.
d) Smart Environment-
1.No pollution.
2.Protection of greenery.
3.Waste management.
e) Smart Economy-
1. Creation and growth of business.
2. Creating global economic image.
3. Productivity and flexibility of market.
f) Smart People-
1. Aims to transforming the way to interact with latest technology.
2. Lifelong zeal to learn.
3.Use of Creativity.
g) Smart Home-
1. Smart devices with AI powered technology.
2. Digitized home.
3 .Interconnected devices like smart washing machine, smart lights, smart
speakers, robotic cleaners, security camera.
Q5. Write some points on
a) Inkle writer
b) Story teller

Inkle writer-
• It is a web_ based software that is used to create an interactive story
in which the user can reward a story and make choices that can change
the direction of the story.
 • It uses the Choose Your Own Adventure (CYOA) format.
• It is based on a form of branching scenarios.

Storyteller-
Speaker lets anyone create talking, interactive stories with no coding
required. Just write your story in a Google Doc, push a button and every
Google Home device linked to your account can play it.

Purpose
Q1. What is the principle behind the sustainable development goal?

The principle behind the Sustainable Development Goals is the “leave no one
behind” principle.

Q2. Why these 17 SDG goals adopted for?

The 17 SDG goals were adopted to build a better world for everyone. To
conserve, preserve and protect our shelter and the life of those in this world.
The Member States of the United Nations have agreed to achieve 17
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030.

Q3. “AI-based system or tools can provide the best results on the
societal impacts in SDG.” Explain.

AI-based system or tools can provide the best results on the following goals:

Good Health and Well Being (SDG – 3): AI can be used to collect data to help
facilitate with the better understanding of the health and well-being of
citizens.

Quality Education (SDG – 4): AI can be trained to provide education and find
solutions to modern problems.

Gender equality (SDG – 5): AI does not recognize gender, and therefore it can
not discriminate. The tools which are available such as voice agents and
chatbots like Alexa or Siri gendered as female only. To improve this more
research required for smart algorithms, image recognition, reinforced learning,
or discrimination

Clean water and Sanitation (SDG – 6): AI tools can be used for supplying clean
water and sanitation to the people.
Affordable and Clean Energy (SDG – 7): AI can be trained to provide affordable
and clean energy but the AI product design should require proper resources and
tools.

Sustainable Cities and Communities (SDG – 11): AI is capable to create smart

cities that provide efficient resources to the people.

Peace Justice and Strong institutions (SDG – 16): Justice and strong institutions
based on the rules formed by the different groups of people. So it is very
highly impacted through AI. The tools can be trained for the laws and
enforcement according to the need

Partnerships for the goals (SDG – 17): AI can help to provide a partnership and
support the partner to achieve the goal

Q) How does AI affect economic impact in SDG?

AI-based system or tools can provide the best results on the following goals:

Decent Work and Economic Growth (SDG – 8): The market heavily relies on data
analysis. These data may not available in low and middle-income countries.
Hence the work culture may be impacted.

Industry Innovation and Infrastructure (SDG – 9): AI system helps in industry

innovation in terms of solving complex problems. It can handle complex
operations easily. It can also handle the infrastructural issues with
advancement.

Reduce Inequalities (SDG – 10): By using AI tools inequalities can be reduced as

AI tools do not have any emotions. They can produce the results better than
other tools.

Examples are AI used by social media websites to show up the contents of

users’ interest in his profile. Job creation using AI tools.

Q) How does AI affect environment impact in SDG?

Climate action (SDG – 13): AI can be useful in generating an alert in climatic

situations. It can produce the alerts and warn the concerned department about
climate change and leads to act accordingly.
Life below water (SDG – 14): The life below water like animals living under the
sea, under the river plays an important role in maintaining temperature and
makes the earth suitable for all of us. AI can impact on these by recording their
needs and improve the supply chain.

Life on Land (SDG – 15): AI systems can be helpful for life on land as well. It can
promote the use of ecosystems through various platforms like social media,
search engines.

Possibilities
Q1. How artificial intelligence and robotics help in health care?

Ans: AI and robotics help in health care for keeping well of patients, early
detection of disease ,diagnosis of disease is fast, decision making can be done
quickly, treatment can start without lack of time , end of life care, research
based learning and training.
Q2. Which are the possibilities of AI in the in the field of

a) Privacy and security

b) Education
c) Agriculture
d) Service industry
e) Entertainment

a) Privacy and security

AI in Cyber Security and crime:-Cyber security professionals work hand to

secure data from wrong hands .The future scope of AI in cybersecurity is
bright.

IOT System Security :-Since IoT goes across the entire ecosystem, all types of
security careers have been in demand and that demand keep on increasing.

b) Education

• Artificial intelligence can automate basic activities in education, like

grading
• Educational software can be adapted to student needs.
• It can point out places where courses need to improve.
• Students could get additional support from AI tutors.
 • AI-driven programs can give students and educators helpful feedback.
• It is altering how we find and interact with information.
• Data powered by AI can change how schools find, teach, and support
students.

c) Agriculture

Artificial Intelligence in agriculture not only helping farmers to automate

their farming but also shifts to precise cultivation for higher crop yield
and better quality while using fewer resources.

• Forecasted weather data

• Monitoring crop and soil health
• Decrease the usage of pesticide
• AI Agriculture BOTS

d) Service industry

• Better customer service

• Improved process
• New business models
• New Job roles

e) Entertainment

• Marketing and advertisement: Companies are training machine learning

algorithms to help develop film trailers and design advertisements.
• Personalization of User Experience: Predicting what a user wants to
watch is a key part of the company’s business model. Machine learning is
reportedly integral to streamlining the diversity of user preferences.
• Search Optimization:
• Face Recognition -find faces and decide if they are known, if so tag
the asset with a name
• Image Classification -use a neural network to classify the image into
a set of predefined categories
Q3. Mention and explain the soft skills and technical skills required for
securing the future jobs in AI field ?

ANS:

Soft Skills: -

1. Communication Skills
2. Teamwork
3. Problem Solving
4. Inter personnel skills.
5. Leadership Skills

Technical Skills

1. Machine learning: Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence

(AI) focused on building applications that learn from data and improve their
accuracy over time without being programmed to do so.
2. Programming Languages: Programming languages like python, R, Go, etc.
are part of AI tools and technology.
3. Data science: In the process of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Future events are
forecasted using the predictive model. Data Science involves the process of
prediction, visualization, analysis, and pre-processing of data.
4. Data Analysis: Many big companies have a job role as a Data Analyst who is
responsible for data analysis. Data analysis help in taking the right decision
5. AI Research: It is advanced skill for job for future development and
implementation of AI as well current growth.

Q4. Define

a) Machine learning: Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence

(AI) focused on building applications that learn from data and improve their
accuracy over time without being programmed to do so.

b) Data science: In the process of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Future events are
forecasted using the predictive model. Data Science involves the process of
prediction, visualization, analysis, and pre-processing of data
 AI ETHICS
Q1. What is meant by AI ethics ?

AI ethics refers to the basic principles of AI system design that use the good
code of conduct and produces the results.

Q2. Write 2 classification of AI?

AI ethics are classified into two categories: AI bias and AI access

Q3. Define

AI Bias

AI bias is the underlying prejudice in data that’s used to create AI algorithms,

which can ultimately result in discrimination and other social consequences.

AI Access

The AI access is a set of ethical concerns related to the adoption of AI systems.

These concerns are as follows:

Unemployment

Inequalities

Negative Adoptions

Black Box problem

Q4. Explain 4 concerns of AI Access?

Unemployment: This is very the important topic of debate. Many says that AI
adoption can increase the jobs and employment opportunities, many says that
it reduces the employment and takes many jobs from human being, and many
says there is no effect of AI on employment.

Increasing Inequalities : By adopting AI, results in a reduction in the number

of people required for particular jobs. It will definitely affect the economy and
increase the gap in the economy hence increase inequalities
Negative Adoptions: Negative adoptions are part of our life. The negative
minded community like hackers, terrorists and some other mafias can use this
technology for some other purposes and misuses them.

Black Box problem: The black box problem refers to the situation that is
created by a system itself and the developer of system cannot resolve them.
This happens quit often with AI systems.

Q5. Mention and explain some real-life example of AI Bias

Racism embedded in US health care: In October 2019, researchers found that

an algorithm used on more than 200 million people in US hospitals to predict
which patients would likely need extra medical care heavily favored white
patients over black patients.

COMPAS: COMPAS (Correctional Offender Management Profiling for

Alternative Sanctions) algorithm used in US court systems to predict the
likelihood that a defendant would become a recidivist.Due to the data that was
used, the model that was chosen, and the process of creating the algorithm
overall, the model predicted twice as many false positives for recidivism for
black offenders (45%) than white offenders (23%).

Amazon’s hiring algorithm : In 2015, Amazon realized that their algorithm

used for hiring employees was found to be biased against women. The reason
for that was because the algorithm was based on the number of resumes
submitted over the past ten years, and since most of the applicants were men,
it was trained to favor men over women.