AWARENESS ON PROPER WASTE SEGREGATION AMONG SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

STUDENTS

A Research Presented to the Faculty

of Senior High School

Bayambang National High School

Bayambang, Pangasinan

In partial fulfilment in

Practical Research I

By:

Ashley Casingal

Anthony Abalos

Chapter 1
 Introduction

Background of the Study

Waste segregation means dividing waste into dry and wet. Dry waste includes

wood and related products, metals and glass. Wet waste typically refers to organic

waste usually generated by eating establishments and are heavy in weight due to

dampness. Segregation of waste is essential as the amount of waste being generated

today caused of immense problem. There are certain items are not Bio Degradable but

can be reused or recycled in fact it is believed that a larger portion of the waste can be

recycled, a part of can be converted to compost, and only a smaller portion of it is real

waste that has no use and has to be discarded. Household waste should be separated

daily into different dustbins for the different categories of waste such as wet and dry

waste which should be disposed of separately. Wet wastes, which consist of leftover

foodstuff, vegetables, peels etc. should be put in a organic waste converter.

Dry waste consisting of cans, aluminium foils, plastics, metal, glass, and paper

could be recycled. One should also keep a dustbin for toxic wastes such as medicines,

batteries, dried paints, old bulbs, and dried shoe polish. Bio Degradable waste

includes organic waste, e.g. kitchen waste, vegetables, fruits, flowers, leaves from

garden and paper. Non Bio Degradable wastes consist of recyclable waste plastics,

paper glass, metal etc. toxic wastes consist of old medicines, paints, chemicals, bulbs,

spray cans, fertilizer and pesticide containers batteries and shoe polish. Soiled

Hospital waste such as cloth soiled with blood and other body fluids. Toxic and soiled

waste must be disposed of with utmost care.

 The major problems affecting solid waste management are unscientific

treatment, improper collection of waste, and ethical problems. This in turn leads to

hazards like environmental degradation, water pollution, soil pollution, and air

pollution. The most important reason for waste collection is the protection of the

environment and the health of population. Rubbish and waste can cause air and water

pollution. Rotting garbage is also known to produce harmful gases that mix with the

air and can cause breathing problems in people.

Waste segregation is included in law because it is much easier recycle. Effective

segregation of wastes means that less waste goes to landfill which make it cheaper

and better for people and the environment. It is also important to segregate of public

health. In particular, hazardous wastes can cause long term health problems, so it is

very important that they are disposed of correctly and safely and not mixed in with the

normal waste coming out of your home or office.

Waste management has serious environment effects making the passage of the

Republic act (RA) 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management act of 2000 a

landmark environmental legislation in the Philippines. The law was crafted response to

the looming garbage problems in the country. RA 9003 declares the policy of the state

in adopting a systematic, comprehensive, and ecological solid waste management

program that ensures the protection of public health and the environment and the

proper segregation, collection, transport, storage, treatment and disposal of solid

waste through the formulation and adoption of best environmental practices.

Moreover, it illustrates the potentials and benefits of recycling not only in addressing

waste management problems but also in alleviating poverty.

 Waste management is the precise name for the collection, transportation,

disposal or recycling and monitoring of waste. This term is assigned to the material,

waste material that is produced through human being activity. This material managed

to avoid its adverse effect over human health and environment. When done properly,

waste management and recycling can eliminate waste and minimize the intensity of

greenhouse gases. Waste segregation also helps to reduce the amount of fossil fuels,

as well as existing landfills and incinerations, helping to create a greener and cleaner

environment for all.

The unsound management of solid waste is one of the most serious

environmental problems, given its high negative impact on natural resources and

human health. Therefore, it is necessary to foster a culture at schools, aimed at

alleviating the environmental and social problem caused by trash. The project holds

that the way to address Mexico’s waste problem is by educating the public,

heightening environmental awareness from an early school age. The implementation of

environmental education programs at schools will help you to drive the necessary

changes in environmental policies regarding the management of urban solid waste.

The Zero Waste project corresponds to the plans and programs set out in the

‘Path to School Improvement’ and ‘Quality School’ initiatives of the Ministry of Public

Education, among others, that seek to foster the engaged participation of students and

teachers, and build environmental stewardship capacities. To elevate environmental

awareness at schools and to improve the conditions, quality of life and health of

students and residents in general, as school waste is a source of disease and latent

pollution.
 To implement the Zero Waste School program in 10 low-income schools in

Mexico city, positioning it as a proven, innovative and viable educational model for

teaching and learning on a new approach to waste segregation, contributing to

creating more environmentally respectful citizens . To provide schools with the

necessary tools to achieve the objective, namely specialized training, educational

materials and infrastructure in line with the international standard, with view to

achieving the Zero Waste standard with at least a 90% recovery of waste.

Being one of the developing countries, Philippines have increased waste

generation matching its dramatic growth of population, urbanization and enhanced

living standards. Improper waste disposal has been a major contributing factor to the

environment degradation. Thus, an effective waste management system must be

introduced.

As emphasized in the 1987 Philippines Constitution, Article II, Section 16, the

state shall protect and advance the right of the people to a balance and healthful

ecology in accordance with the rhythm and harmony of nature. As of today, several

methods have been developed in order to respond to the emerging waste management

problems. The Ecological Solid Waste Management in the Philippines also referred to

as republic act 9003 is one of the national programs mandated to address the issue on

solid waste management. It provides directives to the local government units (LGUs)

for the creation of their respective Solid Waste Management Boards, formulation of a

ten-year Solid Waste Management Plans, construction of materials recovery facilities

(MRFs) and construction of final disposal facilities.

However, in the past 16 years of its implementation, there has been very little

transformation in solid waste management. Large percentage of the total Filipino

population is still unaware of the implementation of this law and the adverse effect

brought about by improper waste disposal. This study endeavors to assess the solid

waste management awareness, practices and attitude among high school and K-12

students in Davao Del Sur. Also, this survey will be measuring the effectiveness of the

existing solid waste management programs implemented in the province.

The purpose of this research is to help discover the way to reduce the waste in

the environment by teaching the young ones how to segregate wastes properly by

nurturing them in schools and to spread awareness on proper segregation. Proper

waste segregation is of great importance to both rural and urban areas. Not doing this

many ways. People are always being educated about the importance of waste disposal

but then this process should not stop because every now and then, people forget.

Doing proper waste segregation can help the environment and economy.

Statement of the problem

The objective of this study is to let the Senior High School Students know how

to properly dispose their garbage. Some factors affect the way on garbage disposal,

these factors are lack of knowledge on proper waste disposal, lack of garbage trucks

that may collect their garbage and the students were accustomed on disposing their

own garbage.

1. What are the current school status on proper waste segregation?

2. What are the methods use by the students in disposing their wastes?

3. How does proper waste segregation help on cleanliness of the school?

Scope and Delimitation

This part of Chapter 1 will present the respondents of the study. The
respondents will be composed of twenty (20) students from Humanities and Social
Science (HUMSS) who are officially enrolled in second semester school year 2019-
2020.

This research is design to have a through knowledge of problems of senior high

school students on why they cannot proper segregate their garbage. And how to they
solve their problem by being aware of the programs of proper waste segregation.

Significance of the study

This part of study will present the benefits of this paper. This A believe that this
will be beneficial to the following:

The Students: it is beneficial to students because they can study without disturbance
due to the foul odor that came from trash bins.

The School: it is beneficial to school because to raise awareness among educators,

learner and their families. Management and the benefits of integrated waste
management. To provide environmental tools to enhance quality of life. To assist
schools with portfolio development and waste minimization projects.

The Community: It is beneficial to community because it reduce the size of our

landfills. By utilizing waste products, we can slowly decrease the size of our landfills
and the amount of pollution. Reducing the size of our landfills can also help conserve
natural resources such as water, minerals, coal, oil, gas, and timber.

The Garbage Collectors: It’s beneficial to them because it makes their task easier and
convenient. It will also help them to separate wet waste and dry waste with ease.

The Government and Municipalities: Segregating waste properly will help the
government to save money from further task and manpower. Separating wet waste
and dry waste will cost them money, time and energy. It will help the government and
municipalities save more resources.

Definition of Terms
For clearer understanding of this study, the following terms were defined
conceptually and operationally.
Proper-adapted or appropriate to the purpose or circumstances; fit; suitable
Segregation- the act or practice of segregating; a setting apart or separation of people
or things from others or from the main body or group
Waste- useless consumption or expenditure ; use without adequate return ; an act or
instance of wasting:
Dry waste- refers to all waste items that are not considered wet/soiled items. This
includes both recyclable and non-recyclable materials. Dry waste includes items such
as bottles, cans, clothing, plastic, wood, glass, metals, and paper.
Wet waste- is biodegradable waste and includes cooked and uncooked food, fruits,
vegetable peels, flower waste, and other organically decomposable waste. This waste
is collected on a daily basis and can be handed over in a green bin.
Biodegradable- capable of being slowly destroyed and broken down into very small
parts by natural processes ,bacteria.
 Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature and Studies

This chapter presents the reviewed related literature that gave significant

insights to this present study.

Foreign Literature

Solid Waste. Solid waste is broadly defined as including non-hazardous

industrial, commercial land domestic refuse including household organic trash, street

sweepings, hospital and institutional garbage, and construction wastes; generally

sludge and human waste are regarded as a liquid waste problem outside the scope of

MSW (Zerbock, 2003).These are waste materials that contain less than 70% water.

Example of this type of waste are the domestic or household garbage, some industrial

wastes, some mining wastes, and oil field wastes such as drill cuttings.

Liquid Waste. These are usually wastewaters that contain less than 1%. This type

of waste may contain high concentration of dissolved salts and metals. Liquid wastes

are often classified into two broad types: sewage and toxic wastes. Generally, there are

various types of liquid waste generated in urban centers: human excreta, domestics

wastes produced in households, hospital wastes, industrial effluents, agricultural

liquid wastes and nuclear wastes. When improperly handled and disposed of, liquid

wastes pose a serious threat to human health and the environment because of their

ability to enter watersheds, pollute ground water and drinking water (US EPA,

2009).3. Sludge. It is a class of waste between liquid and solid. They usually contain

between 3%and 25% solid, while the rest of the material is dissolved water.4.
Hazardous Waste Hazardous wastes are wastes which, by themselves or after coming

into contact with other wastes, have characteristics, such as chemical reactivity,

toxicity, corrosiveness or a tendency to explode, that pose a risk to human health or

the environment. Hazardous wastes are generated from a wide range of industrial,

commercial, and agricultural.

Local Literature

Materials disposed of in a landfill can be further secured from leakage by

solidifying them in materials such as cement, fly ash from power plants, asphalt, or

organic polymers(Bassis, 2005)Landfills can also be shifted to another use after their

capacities have been reached. The city of Evanston, Illinois, built a landfill up into a

hill and the now-complete “Mt. Trashmore” is a ski area. Golf courses built over

landfill sites are also increasingly common (Montgomery, 2000).B)Recycling or the

3R’sAnother method, which sets off before waste disposal is waste reduction through

recycling or often coined as the 3 R’s: reuse, reduce, and recycle. On the local or

regional level, reducing wastes is accomplished through these methods by source

separation and subsequent material recovery. Currently, the United States recycles

about 10% of its glass and 25%of its paper wastes; in countries such as Switzerland

and the Netherlands, the proportion in the glass recycled approaches to 50% while

Japan recycles 50%of its paper wastes(Montgomery,2000).some countries, on the

other hand, manage most of their solid waste through.

Incinerators .Incineration, or the controlled burning of waste at high temperatures to

produce steam and ash, is another waste disposal option and an alternative to land

filling (US Environmental Protection Agency ,2009).

 Incinerators are designed for the destruction of wastes and are commonly

employed in developed nations who could afford the costs of the burning facilities,

plus its operation and maintenance (Mc Cracken, 2005).This type of waste disposal is

the second largest disposal method in most developed countries and ranks next to

landfills in the United States and the United Kingdom. In the UK, approximately 5% of

household waste, 75 % of commercial waste and 2% of industrial waste is disposed of

through this method(Baker,2005).

A further benefit of incineration can be realized if the heat generated thereby is

recovered. For years, European cities have generated electricity using waste-disposal

incinerators as sources of heat (Montgomery,2000).There are negative issues, however,

in the use of this burning method and much of that circulate around its safety for the

environment and to the human health. It is argued that the combustion process

creates air pollution, ash, and waste water, all of which must be properly managed

using technical monitoring, containment, and treatment systems. Harmful pollutants

are released into the environment whenever these by-products are not controlled (US

EPA, 2009).Operators of these facilities must be well-trained and certified to ensure

proper management.

Foreign Studies

A detailed investigation was made regarding the methods of practices associated

with sources, quantity generated, collection, transportation, storage, treatment and

disposal of Municipal solid waste in Mysore City. The data concerning to SWM in

Mysore was obtained through questionnaire, individual field visit, interacting with
people and authentic record of municipal corporation. Photographic evidences were

also made about generation, storage, collection, transportation, treatment and

disposal of MSW. This study reveals that the present system of MSWM in Mysore City

is not satisfactory based on Municipal Solid Waste Management & Handling Rules

2000 (Chandra, et al., 2009).

Another case study across North America conducted by Whoilistic Environmental

Consulting (WEC, 2007), yard and food waste make up over a quarter of all the

ordinary garbage we throw away. That's 25% by weight. In the U.S., that 25% is

almost equally divided between yard waste (32.6 million tons, or 12.8% of all MSW)

and food scraps (31.7 million tons, or 12.5%). And then there's all the other organic

stuff that could be composted: all the clothing, towels, and bedding made of organic

fibers, plus wood, old furniture and sawdust. Then there's paper, which at 83 million

tons accounts for another 30% of municipal solid waste. As of 2006, the latest year for

which figures are available, over 64% of the yard waste we throw away was recovered

and composted, as was 54.5% of the paper and cardboard. Only 2.6% of food waste

reached a compost heap.

Local Studies

The experiences and practices of household waste management of people in a

barangay (village) in Manila, Philippines are documented. The data were gathered

through an interview with household members using open-ended questions.

Interviews were also conducted with garbage collectors as well as scavengers. Results

showed that the households generated an average of 3.2 kg of solid waste per day, or

0.50 kg/capita/day. The types of wastes commonly generated are food/kitchen

wastes, papers, PET bottles, metals, and cans, boxes/cartons, glass bottles,
cellophane/plastics, and yard/garden wastes. The respondents segregate their wastes

into PET bottles, glass bottles, and other waste (mixed wastes). No respondents

perform composting. It is worth noting, however, that burning of waste is not done by

the respondents. The households rely on garbage collection by the government.

Collection is done twice daily, except Sundays, and household members bring their

garbage when the garbage truck arrives. However, there are those who dump their

garbage in non-designated pick-up points, usually in a corner of the street. The

dumped garbage becomes a breeding ground for disease-causing organisms. Some

household respondents said that it is possible that the dumping in certain areas

caused the dengue fever suffered by some of their family members. Mothers and

household helpers are responsible for household waste management. Scavengers

generally look for recyclable items in the dumped garbage. All of them said that it is

their only source of income, which is generally not enough for their meals. Most of the

respondents said that garbage collection and disposal is the responsibility of the

government. The results of the study showed that RA 9003, also known as the

Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, is not fully implemented in Metro

Manila (Bernardo, 2008).

This study highlights the results of the study that was conducted to analyse the

solid waste management practices of the waste generators, and the extent of their

compliance with the Republic Act 9003, otherwise known as the Ecological Solid

Waste Management Act of 2000. The study was conducted in Bacolod City, Philippines

in 2007. The findings of this study served as basis in developing a handbook on solid

waste management (Ballados, 2010).

 The Motiong town government in Samar has vowed to intensify the implementation

of its Solid Waste Management Program after barangay chairmen here took at one-day

seminar-workshop on the program. The activity was held at the Legislative Building

here last Wednesday, August 29.Motiong Mayor Francisco M. Langi Sr. said 30

barangay chairmen of his municipality attended said seminar-workshop sponsored by

the town government conducted Municipal Planning and Development Officer, Engr.

Nicasio Permejo, Langi said all the barangay chairmen were educated on the

provisions of the Solid Waste Management Act of 2003 so that they would be

acquainted with and help implement the law in their respective barangays and

propagate environmental preservation. He said the town government will strictly

implement the “no segregation, no collection policy” in all of Motiong’s barangays and

urged the barangay officials to put up a Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) where they

can segregate bio-degradable and non-biodegradable waste materials. Such materials

can be turned into a livelihood as, according to Langi, “there is money in junk”

(Abrematea, 2012)
 Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research methods that were used in the study. It

includes the research designs, research settings, the Respondent, the data gathering

procedure and the statistical treatment used. The purpose of this study was to

determine the Awareness on proper waste segregation of Senior High School students

in Bayambang National High School.

Research design

The research method used is descriptive research. It involves gathering,

organizing analysing, summarizing, and interpreting of the data gathered. It aims to

describe systematically the awareness on proper segregation of senior high school

students in Bayambang National High School. It will also provide useful information

about on how to apply proper segregation practice on stated school. It help to

implement this kind of practice for easier separation of dry waste and wet waste, to

help maintain the cleanliness of school grounds and right knowledge on how to

properly segregate their wastes. Descriptive method was used since the study was

focused on Awareness of proper waste segregation of senior high school students of

Bayambang National High School.

Research Locale

The study will be conducted in Bayambang National High School.

Bayambang National High School is located at the north western hilly part of the

Poblacion area Quezon Blvd. Bayambang, Pangasinan. It is the bound in the north by
the Pangasinan State University. East by Bayambang Old Central Elementary School.

South by Magsaysay road and west by new bayambang Central Elementary School. It

has a land of 53,530 square meters.

Figure 1. The map of Bayambang, Pangasinan where Bayambnag National High

School is located

The research setting refers to the place where the data are collected. In this

study, data were collected at Bayambang National High School Senior High School.

The main purpose of this study is to know the proper waste segregation in stated

School.

Research Instrument

This research programed aims at identifying policy instruments and other

strategic decisions that contribute to the development of a more sustainable proper

waste segregation. For this purpose, we investigate environmental, economic, cultural

and social aspects of waste management system, focusing on waste prevention,

product reuse, and material recycling, including biological treatment. The question

are factual that are really intended to gather pertinent information about the proper

waste segregation.
Methods of Gathering Data

The methods of gathering data used were the survey questionnaire. This is

concerned with looking into the school about the proper waste segregation. Since the

present is a study; the survey questionnaire and interview was the most appropriate

method used in gathering data.

The study will be conducted for High School student only. The students of

Bayambang National High School Senior High School is including to this study. List

were collected from 20 respondents. This procedure is to ensure that waste streams in

officers are management in a way that facilitates recycling. It includes also the total

percentage of the people who participate in this study.

Statistic Treatment

The gathered data are grouped, table and carefully organization into two tables.

Frequency, and ranking are reflected in all the tables. This helps the researchers

determine the validity and reliability of the research instruments use.

The researcher choose the frequency and ranking to compute the average of

the students in Senior High School on Bayambang National High School that doing

the proper waste segregation.

 QUESTIONNAIRE

Awareness on Proper Waste Segregation of Senior High School Students

The researchers would like to seek your help by answering this questions. It is

designed to asses the awareness on proper waste segregation of senior high school

students of Bayambang National High School. All the information that has been

gathered will remain confidential.

The researchers:

Ashley Casingal

Anthony Abalos

____________________________________________________________________________________

Name (optional):

Strand/Track:

Age:

Sex:

Directions: Answer the questions provided honestly encircle your answer

I. Current school status on proper waste segregation

1.Are you practicing proper waste segregation?

a. Yes

b. No

2. Does your school have a strict implementation on proper waste segregation?

a. Yes

b. No
3. Does your school have rules/guidelines in waste segregation?

a. Yes

b. No

4. Does your school provided regular orientation for proper waste segregation?

a. Yes

b. No

II. Methods used by the students in disposing waste

1. Do you dispose your waste properly?

a. Yes

b. No

2. Does your school implement garbage bins?

a. Yes

b. No

III. Proper waste segregation help on cleanliness of the school

1.Do you follow the rules/guidelines for proper waste segregation in the school?

a. Yes

b. No

2. Do you follow the 4r’s?

a. Yes

b. No
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