CHAPTER 1

The Problem and Its Scope

Introduction

A fast growth in population and high rates of consumption patterns led to

negative
Impacts on the urban environment. Past by generations to generations, problem in
waste
disposal is getting worst time by time. Geetha R. et al. (2020) explained
that
“The waste management is not only necessary for maintaining the hygienic
environment
but in reducing the probable health hazards.” The researchers observed that
even
though there has been a lot of trash bins in the whole campus, but still there are a lot
of
scattered trashes that can be found in Taclobo National High School.
It is important to let the students including the teachers know the effects
of
improper waste disposal to their health and to the environment. As we all
know
littering does not do good to anyone of us, yet most students and maybe we don’t
know
also the teachers throw their trashes on places where trash should not be
placed.
Adongo P. et al. (2014) argued that “ the problem in waste disposal is
carrying
lots of threat not only to our environment but also to our health.” Despite
with
all off the consequences of improper waste disposal specifically diseases,
pollution
and climate change, there are still lots of people doesn’t realize how these
factors

1
can affect their lives.
Unprocessed waste is a major breeding ground for lots of diseases and
bacteria.
All kinds of diseases can be found in places like landfills, and can even contaminate
the
water due to improper waste disposal. Contaminants in both the water and
air
due to improper waste disposal has horrible effects on plants, as soil with
contaminants
will kill most plants . All the facts are sounds so alarming and this need immediate
action.

This study will serve as a bell to both students and teachers. It is very
important
to know why there is still lots of trashes that can be found in the surrounding
of
Taclobo National High School. Could it be negligence? Spreading
awareness
could help them realize on how dangerous throwing their trash anywhere.
The
aim of the study is to determine the different reasons on why this such problem
in
waste disposal is prevalent in Taclobo National High School.

2
Background of the Study

Improper waste disposal is an unavoidable human activity. According to the United

Nations Center for Human Settlements (2010) This kind of situation is more prevalent
in
countries which are not partly developed, mainly caused by less provision of basic
services
like sanitation facilities, infrastructure, and waste collection. Every school can be
considered
as factors of waste arising from routine activities such as class work, sweeping,
serving
of food, and bush cutting. The common types of wastes found in different schools
and
communities include paper, grass, nylon for manufacture of pure water bags and
biscuits,
lollypops, ice cream, and sweet or candy wrappers.

3
 There are lots of varieties of trashes that can be found in lots of schools, and
these
may not have even been generated directly by pupils and teachers. Economic
development,
urbanization change the way of living standards in cities, and Increasing
students
in schools due to government policies increases the quantity and diversity of
generated
solid waste in schools. If this problem gets worse time by time, this may cause
to
deterioration of the urban environment, stresses on limited natural resources and may lead
to various health issues. The problems associated with the disposal of wastes in
public
places including schools are numerous and they include littering of food remains
and
other discarded materials.
This can lead to the breeding of rats and other vectors of public
health
importance. The potential health and Environmental quality issues associated
with
these have a potential for grave consequent. Open dumping of solid waste
generates
various environmental and health hazards. The decomposition of rogation
materials
produces methane, which can cause fire and explosions, and contributes to global
climate
change. The biological and chemical processes likely taking place in open dumps produce
strong viruses and germs , which pollute both water and groundwater sources
Fires
periodically break out in open dumps, generating smoke and contributing to
pollution.

Sounds so alarming. Taclobo National High School is a public High School and
Senior
4
High School premises that is open for all students who are willing to learn and wants
to
pursue their dreams in life. But what would happen to those dreams if students will
be
affected with this effect of improper waste disposal ? The biggest contributor of this
problem
would also be the first to experience its consequences.
A decontaminate , healthy and secure learning environment is an
indispensable
perquisite to ensure optimization of a child's academic potential.
Government
agencies and other stakeholder should provide the necessary sure
terms
infrastructure improvements and including financial, human, and technology
resources
to make schools more conducive for learning and to promote good health.
Awareness
regarding the effects in public health and to the environment of improper waste
disposal
could be one of the answers on how to stop and eliminate this problem in
waste
management. Without cooperation, this waste management problem in
Taclobo
National High School will just get worse.

5
Statement of the Problem

The researchers conducted this study to determine if the students of Taclobo

National
High School know the effects of improper waste disposal. And to know how this problem
is
prevalent in the campus. Researchers would also like to know possible solutions to
the
problem.

General Question

What are the public and environmental health effects of improper waste disposal in Taclobo
National High School?

Specific Questions

1.) What are the public and environmental health effects of improper waste disposal?
2.) How are the students aware of this health effects?
3.) What are the reasons why students neglecting this problem in waste disposal?
4.) What are the possible solutions to the problem?

6
 Conceptual Framework

IV DV

infectious
Lack of diseases,
Awareness land and
Improper water
Public and pollution,
Waste Environmental
Disposal obstruction
Health Effects of drains and
Lack of loss of
Resources biodiversity.

7
Figure 1. Conceptual Framework
( Independent Variable (IV) and Dependent Variable (DV) )

Scope and Limitations of the Study

The study is conducted to determine the reasons why there are still a lot of
trashes
that can be found in the ground of Taclobo National High School as perceived by
the
researchers. The aspect looked into were awareness of students and teachers, things
they
have done to resolve and give solution to the problem. This study was limited to
900
participants including some teachers in Taclobo National High School.

Significance of the Study

STUDENTS
-This research study is very beneficial to students in Taclobo National High School. It
will
give them awareness about the negative effects of improper waste disposal and at the
same
time they can get the opportunity in helping the school about the waste management.

TEACHERS
-This research will also benefit to the teachers, for them to inform the students on
how
8
important the proper waste disposal is, and can also help students to develop and to
know
what is the right thing to do with the said problem.

PARENTS
-This research study will also benefit the parents, these will enable them to know and
realize
the importance of throwing their garbage in the right place. They can also apply this to
their
homes, and definitely assure that their sons and daughters are in a safe environment.

ADMINISTRATION
-This study can also benefit the administrator because all the faculties and staffs of
Taclobo
National High School will develop awareness on how to properly manage the proper
disposal
of garbage and can lead as an example to the students. The administrator can
also
encourage the faculties and staff to prevent this improper waste disposal in school with
the
help of some environmental surrounding cleaning.

Definition of Terms

Environmental Effects
- Refers to the outcome that has affected the surroundings as well as living
organisms.

9
Public
- A place where everyone has access, open to all people.
Health
- In general, this describes the condition of someone’s body.
Improper waste disposal
- Refers to eliminating garbage in a wrong way.

CHAPTER 2
Review of Related Literature

This review shows the same concept and understanding about the improper
waste
disposal. Geetha R. et al. (2020) stated that “ The proper waste
management
is not only necessary for maintaining hygienic environment but in reducing the
probable
health hazards.” The most effective way to improve and better solve the problem
of
improper waste disposal is to establish projects that will inform people on how the
improper

10
waste disposal can affect not only the environment but also humanity. Planning
a
way to solve the problem depends on what kind of community is facing it.
Any citizen or responsible resident or a place or community even in school
can
think of ways on how to solve this kind of problems in health and to the
environment.
According to the International Journal of social Sciences and Management (2020) “
that
most of the reasons why there are problems with the environment and
health
due to the wrong disposal of waste is also made by people living in the area
with
this said problem.” According to Jazzar M. M. (2019), “ Urbanization and
population
growth is solely responsible for high increasing rate of solid waste and improper
waste
management in a lot of community.” Alemaheyu T. (2001) also stated “this
problem
could also affect the water surface, also some of the industrial activities derived
from
domestic are also a threat or can cause environmental pollution .”
Also due to the lack of proper landfills and trash bins/cans, most people
choses
to throw away or put their garbage in the wrong place. Others are just
neglecting
the threat regarding the problem. Improper waste disposal has already caused a lot
of
damages to lots of water forms. Discipline and awareness to both residence
and
community is needed.

11
 In this kind of problem regarding with the improper waste disposal and
with
the lack of discipline and awareness with residence and community caused a growing
rate
of garbage problems that can also affect water forms, air, soil or even worst can
lead
human caused calamities like floods. Germs and bacteria can easily form and
scattered,
and this factor will now affect our health. However, Esfahani M. M. S. et. al
(2020)
argued that, “ Biodegradable materials are substituting the commotional materials
In
many different applications. ” One of this is recycling garbage
materials
whether its biodegradable or non-biodegradable.
Biodegradable waste like fruit peeling can be put to composting pit and
can
be used as an organic fertilizer to plants and crops. Food left overs can also
be
eaten by farm animals or dogs instead of throwing it away and put it in
the
improper place. Non-biodegradable waste such as plastic cups can be used as
an
alternative pot for plants or plastic bags can be reused and others turn it into
fashion
trends. Instead of throwing it away and putting this garbage in places where it
should
not be placed. Reduced, Reuse, Recycle.

12
 CHAPTER 3
Research Methodology

Research Design

This research utilized a case study, a type of qualitative research that

determines
the problem and its possible causes. In this study, randomly selected students in
Taclobo
National High School are given survey questionnaires to answer. A case study is
a
process that focuses on people’s specific problems that they are currently
experiencing.

Research Locale

Taclobo National High School used to be located in the vicinity of West

Elementary
School, along Cervantes Street in Dumaguete. It occupied only a very limited area
consisting
of less than fifteen classrooms, in which building used were ones of the West
City

13
Elementary School buildings. It was built there since the Barangay Hall is located just
in
its vicinity. By the year 2007, the City Government of Dumaguete appropriated funds
and
settled a new site for the school. Taclobo National High School is now situated at
West
Taclobo, in the boundary of Barangay Batinguel and Taclobo, going inside
Pal
Subdivision. In this school year 2022-2023, the school population from Jr.-Sr. High
School
Curriculum is estimated to be 1500 students.

Sample or The Respondents

Respondents in this research are all randomly selected by section in every

Grade
level, from Grade 7-10 in Jr. High Curriculum and Grade 11-12 in Sr. High Curriculum. All
of the respondents are students of Taclobo National High School. The
respondents
are expected to answer the following questions in the questionnaire depending on
how
they observed situations given in the questionnaire that might be the cause or solution to
the
said problem inside the school premises that the researchers observed.

Research Instruments
14
 The researchers will be distributing survey questionnaires to respondents in
every
section of Grade Level Curriculum. The respondents will be given instructions on how
to
answer the questionnaires. Since the questionnaires that will be distributed will be
scaling
questionnaire, it is just easy for the respondents to put check in each appropriate
answer
to each given question depending on how they experienced or observed it. Just in
case
of undecided answer, the respondents can just live the question and proceed to the next.

Data Collection Instruments

In this study, random sampling procedure is used to choose randomly

respondents
in each section in every Grade Level Curriculum. All of the Students including
some
Teachers in Taclobo National High School will be the respondents. From that,
the

15
researchers will choose 900 respondents or 60% of the whole population in
Taclobo
National High School.( 30 Students in each 5 sections in Grade 7, same as in Grade 8,
30
Students in each 5 sections in Grade 9, and 30 Students in each 5 sections in Grade
10.
Total of 600 respondents. The remaining 300 respondents that will complete the quota
of
60% from the total population will be randomly selected from the Senior High
School
Department Grades 11 and 12). In collecting data from the respondents,
survey
questionnaires will be given to each of the respondents. Scaling format will be used
for
the questionnaires. All gathered data from the questionnaires will be compiled
and
analyzed.

Data Collection Procedure

Before the researchers will procced in giving questionnaires, the

researchers
will ask permission from the following head authorities in the school premises prior to
its
liability: Teacher Adviser in Practical Research I. Grade 11 Senior High School, Head
of
the school Teachers and The school Principal. This study is conducted with their
formal
authority. Before giving the survey, the researchers will ask first the
permission
of the participants. All the questions in the survey questionnaire will be taken
within
the scope of the problem. Prior to the survey, the researchers will ask permission to
the
respondents if they have vacant time in answering the survey questionnaires.
16
 CHAPTER 4
Presentation of Analysis and Interpretation of Data

Public and Environmental Health Effects of Improper Waste Disposal.

Out of 900 respondents, 59% agreed that different kinds of diseases and pollution to
the
environment can be developed due to improper disposal of waste. 18% strongly
agreed,
14% says that they slightly agree about the said effects and 8% disagreed with 1%
strongly
disagreed to the given possible effects of improper waste disposal.

17
Students developed awareness through School or Barangay programs.

60% of the respondents agreed that through School and Barangay programs
regarding
waste disposal can develop awareness to students. 18 % are strongly agree and
14%
slightly agreed. 7% disagreed with 1% strongly disagreed that students can
develop
awareness through Schools and Barangay programs regarding waste disposal.

18
Reasons why students neglecting this problem in waste disposal.

59% of the respondents agreed that lack of awareness regarding waste disposal is
one
reason why there are students neglecting the problem, with 18% strongly disagree and
14%
slightly agree. On the other hand, 8% disagree with 1% strongly disagree that lack
of

19
awareness is one of the reasons why students neglecting this problem in waste disposal
in
Taclobo National High School.

Possible solutions to the problem of Taclobo National High School regarding waste
disposal.

60% of the respondents agreed that in recycling materials, advantages and good
benefits

20
can be experienced by students and to the environment. With 17% strongly agree and
14%
slightly agree. 8% disagreed with 1% strongly disagree that recycling could be a
possible
solution in the problem due to improper waste disposal.

Possible solutions to the problem of Taclobo National High School regarding waste
disposal.
21
59% agreed that composting can also be one of the possible solutions in the problem
of
improper waste disposal in Taclobo National High school. 18% strongly agree with
14%
slightly agree with the idea of composting as one of the solutions for the problem in
waste
disposal. 8% disagreed with 1% strongly disagree that composting is one of the
possible
solutions to the problem.

22
 CHAPTER 5
Summary of Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendation

Summary of Findings

In regard with the general question, based on the answered questionnaires

and
gathered data, it is evident that the respondents are aware with the effects of
improper
waste disposal to public health and to the environment. Some of these effects
are
diseases and pollution. One of the reasons why there are students neglecting
this
problem in waste disposal is lack of awareness in regard with its effects to both
humans
and to the environment. Most of the respondents agreed that awareness can be
developed
through school or barangay projects regarding waste disposal. Suggested solutions
with
the problem stated in the questionnaires are also majority agreed by the
respondents.
These following solutions are composting and recycling.

Conclusions

The improper waste disposal in Taclobo National High School is the main
factor
that causes diseases and environmental pollutions. If the students in the area
knows
how to maintain their surroundings, to dispose their garbage knowingly and properly
make
use of these wastes, then the problem may be lessened.

23
 Lots of students want to attend youth activities, school program and any other
school
related activities that will boost their confidence. These activities would also be a
perfect
timing to insert lectures and programs regarding effects of improper waste
disposal.
Attending and listening to any awareness programs regarding the effects of
improper
waste disposal will be effective if the students will nurture and realized every
single
detail and information and perform them in real life.

Recommendations

The researchers recommended to do recycling on solid waste like plastic

bottles,
cans or any waste that can be reproduced into new products. Each classroom can also
put
sacks for solid waste and sell it in junk shops. Students can raise the funds from
waste
and keep it for any classroom material or equipment needed. School Administration
can
decide to put composting area for biodegradable waste and use it as fertilizer for
the
agricultural gardens in the school. In spreading awareness regarding the effects of
improper
waste disposal, the school heads, officers, and the administration can organize
programs
that are interesting to the eyes of the students.

24
 References

1.) Adongo B. et al. (July 2014). Domestic waste disposal practice and perceptions of
private sector waste management in urban Accra. BMC Public Health, volume 14,
Article number: 697. Retrieved from
https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2458-14-697

2.) Alemaheyu T. (June 2001). The impact of uncontrolled waste disposal on surface
water quality in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. SINET: Ethiopian Journal of Science, Vol. 24
No. 1. Retrieved from
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sinet/article/view/18177

3.) Esfahani S. et al. (February 2020). A robust green location-allocation-inventory

25
 problem to design an urban waste management system under uncertainty. Waste
Management, Volume 102, Pages 340-35. Retrieved from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0956053X1930666X

4.) Geetha R. et al. (April 2020). Problem Faced by The Public Due to The Improper
Waste Disposal and Behaviour of Waste Disposal. International Journal of Social
Sciences and Management, Vol. 7, Issue-2: 70-77. Retrieved from
https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/IJSSM/article/view/28593

5.) International Journal of social Sciences and Management. (September 2020).

Implications of poor waste disposal management practices on Senior High Schools
within
Wa municipality of Ghana, Vol. 2 No. 3. Retrieved from
https://www.fepbl.com/index.php/ijarss/article/view/156

6.) Moneef Jazzar M. (September 2019). Smart Clean City – Kuwait. International
Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology; Dharmapuri, Vol. 3,
Iss.
9, Page1-7.Retrieved from
https://www.proquest.com/openview/7dfe2a5bdd7d26ffe292a25390408c27/1?pq-
origsite=gscholar&cbl=5314840

7.) United Nations Center for Human Settlements. (October 2010). Solid Waste
Management in the World's Cities: Water and Sanitation in the World's Cities 2010.
Retrieved from
https://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=GV1sBgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage
&q&f=false

26
 Appendices
Letter of Request

May 25 , 2023
Mr. Orlando Y. Omlang
School Principal of Taclobo
National High School
Batinguel, Dumaguete City

Greetings with Respect.

Dear Mr. Omlang,
We are the Grade 11 students from HUMSS (Humanities and Social Sciences) of

27
Taclobo National High School Senior High School Curriculum undertaking the research
entitled: “Public and Environmental Health Effects of Improper Waste Disposal in Taclobo
National High School”. With regard to this research, we the researchers humbly ask
permission to conduct a survey to students from Grade 7 to Grade 12. We assure you that
the results of this study with the shared data from the respondents is secured.

Your approval will be great benefactor to our research.

Thank You and have a great day.

Respectfully yours,
Caballero, Kevin Rey C. Approved by:
Team Leader Mr. Orlando Y. Omlang
Taclobo National High School
Checked by: School Principal
Mrs. Jeanie S. Pino
Research Adviser

Survey Questionnaire

Topic: Public and Environmental Health Effects of Improper Waste Disposal in Taclobo
National High School
General Question: What are the public and environmental health effects of improper waste
disposal in Taclobo National High School?
NAME(OPTIONAL): DATE:
GRADE/SECTION/STRAND:
LEGEND: 5 (STRONGLY AGREE) 4 (AGREE) 3 (SLIGHTLY AGREE) 2 (DISAGREE)
1 (STRONGLY DISAGREE)

28
 5 4 3 2 1

Q1. Improper waste disposal can cause different

kinds of diseases and pollution to the
environment

Q2. Schools and Barangay projects regarding

proper waste disposal and its effects will
develop awareness to students
Q3. Lack of awareness regarding improper
waste disposal and its effects can lead students
in neglecting this kind of problem
Q4. Recycling waste materials has advantages
to both students and to the environment

Q5. Composting has a great impact to lessen

garbage in schools and houses

Curriculum Vitae

Caballero, Kevin Rey C.

Motong Dumaguete City
Negros Oriental 6200

l. PERSONAL PROFILE
Date of Birth : July 24, 1995
29
Place of Birth : Dumaguete City Negros Oriental
Citizenship : Filipino
Sex : Male
Age : 27
Civil Status : Single

ll. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Elementary : Batinguel Elementary School
2008-2009
Junior High School : Alternative Learning System Under Dumaguete City District Jail Male
Dormitory (Department of Jail Management and Penology
Bajumpandan)
2019-2020

NICOLE A. CABUEÑAS
CANDAU- AY PUROK YELLOW TOPS ZONE 1
DUMAGUETE CITY

I. PERSONAL PROFILE
DATE OF BIRTH : December 17,2005
PLACE OF BIRTH : Pasig City
30
CITEZENSHIP: Filipino
SEX:Female
AGE:17
CIVIL STATUS:Single

II. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Senior High School :Taclobo National High School
2022-2023
Junior high school :Taclobo National High School
2021-2022
Elementary :Candau-ay elementary school
2018-2019

Lovely Joy Ramos

Junob Dumaguete City
Negros Oriental

l. PERSONAL PROFILE
Birthday: September 4,2003
Sex: famale
Age:19
31
Place birth: DGTE
Citizenship: Filipino
Civil status: single

ll. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Junior high school : taclobo National High School
2021 -2022
Elementary: Batinguel elementary school.

Joylyn Abueva
Junob Dumaguete City
Negros Oriental

l. PERSONAL PROFILE
Birthdate: January 10,2005
Sex: female
Age:18
Place of birth: DGTE CITY
citizenship: Filipino
32
Religion: Christian
Civil status: single

ll. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Junior high school : taclobo National High School
2021 -2022
Elementary: Batinguel elementary school.

Rustom C. Bahande
Larena Drive Taclobo
Dumaguete City Negros Oriental

l. PERSONAL PROFILE
Birthdate: august 6,2003
Sex: male
Age:19
Place of birth: Larina drive Dumaguete city
Citizenship: Filipino
Civil status:single

33
ll. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Junior high school : taclobo National High School
2021 -2022
Elementary: Batinguel elementary school.

34