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Science
Quarter 1 – Module 2
Newton’s Third Law of Motion
Science – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – SLeM 2: Newton’s Third Law of Motion
First Edition, 2020

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Science
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Newton’s Third Law of Motion
HOW TO USE THIS MODULE
Before you start answering the Supplementary Learning Material (SLeM),
set aside other tasks that will disturb you while enjoying the lessons. Read
carefully the instructions below to successfully enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have
fun!

1.Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every part of this
SLeM.
2.Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Keep in mind that
Writing develops and enhances learning,
3.Perform all the provided activities in the SLeM.
4.Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers.
5.Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6.Enjoy studying!

PARTS OF THIS MODULE

Expectations This will provide what you will be able to know upon
completing the lessons in the SLeM.

Pre-test This will assess your prior knowledge and the concepts to
be mastered throughout the lesson.

Looking Back This section will measure the skills that you learned and
to your Lesson understand from the previous lesson.

Brief This section will give you an overview of the lesson.

Introduction

Activities These are activities designed to develop your critical

thinking and other competencies that you need to
master. This can be done solely or with your partner
depending on the nature of the activity.

This section summarizes the concepts and applications of

Remember the lessons

Check your This will verify how you learned from the lesson.
Understanding

Post-test This will measure how much you have learned from the
entire SLeM

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 Expectations
In this module, you will understand that when a body exerts a force on
another, an equal amount of force is exerted back on it.
Specifically, this module will help you to:
1. explain Newton’s Third Law of motion as the law of interaction;
2. explain why action and reaction forces do not cancel each other;
3. apply the law of interaction to falling bodies and to activities like walking and
swimming as well as to jet and rockets.
Let us start your journey in learning more about forces specifically when a body exerts a
force on another. I am sure you are ready and excited to answer the Pretest. Smile and
cheer up!

Pre-Test
A. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. Newton’s third law is about forces. What are these forces?
A. action-reaction forces C. force and acceleration
B. balanced force D. mass and force
2. Consider a fish swimming forward in the ocean. Which of the following describes
the interacting forces between the fish and the water?
A. The forces point in the same direction because forces in liquid behave
differently than forces in air.
B. The force of the fish points upward while the force of the water pulls
downward.
C. The only force is the activity of the fish moving forward.
D. The force of the fish's swimming and the force of the water are equal but in
opposite directions.
3. Alonzo is learning to walk. How should he push the ground for him to move
forward?
A. One of his feet will push the ground backward.
B. One of his feet will push the ground forward.
C. One of his feet will push the ground sideward.
D. His feet will move in different directions.
4. Charlie pulls a rope with a force of 5 newtons. How much force is exerted by the
rope against Charlie?
A. 1N B. 2.5N C. 5N D. 10N
5. What happen to the forces from different objects which are equal in amount but
opposite in direction?
A. They cancel each other.
B. They do not cancel each other.
C. They are balanced.
D. They are not balanced.

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 Looking Back
In module 1, you have learned about Newton’s first law of
motion which shows the relationship between force and motion while
the second law demonstrates the effect of forces on motion. Can you still recall
how the first and the second law are applied? Let us have a simple activity to
refresh your mind. Below are some given situations. Let us see how well you do
remember these laws. Follow the guide for your answer.

Write inertia if it refers to the first law, and acceleration if it refers to the second
law.

1. The use of seatbelts in vehicles to safeguard the passenger from being

thrown forward when a sudden stop occurs.
2. A small toy car and a big toy car when pushed with the same force, the
small car will accelerate faster.
3. It is harder to catch a ping pong ball than a baseball because of the
difference in their masses.

4. 5.

It is nice to know that you can still remember the applications of the
first and second law of motion. Good job!

Brief Introduction

How do birds fly? They use their wings to push the air downward and the
air pushes back on the bird upward. This force keeps the bird in flight. This is the
beauty of Newton’s third law of motion.

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Newton’s Third Law of Motion
“For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.”
When a force is applied to an object, the second object exerts the same
amount of force on the first object. For example, when you push on a wall, the
wall pushes back on you with a force equal in strength to the force you exerted.

● Whenever two objects interact with each other, they

exert forces upon each other.
● Sit in your chair, your body exerts a downward force
on the chair and the chair exerts an upward force
on your body.
● Two forces resulting from this interaction - a force on
the chair and a force on your body.
● Two forces are called the action and reaction forces.

Recite the answer to the question: Why action and reaction forces do not cancel
each other?
● Forces that two objects put on each other are called the action-reaction
force pair.
● Either force can be considered the action or the reaction force.
● Action-reaction forces do not cancel because they act on different objects.
● Forces can only cancel if they act on the same object.

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 Activities

Activity 1.1. Action-Reaction Pair

Materials: 2 spring balances

Procedure:
1. Connect 2 spring balances with their hooks.
2. Ask your partner to hold on one end of the balance while you hold the
other end horizontally.
3. Pull the spring balance while your partner just holds the other end.
Record the reading on each balance.
4. If you do not have the spring balance at home, examine the picture
below, and take note of the reading. Assume that this is your balance
and your partner’s. The black dots on each balance represent the
reading.

Question:
1. What are the readings of your balance and that of your partner? What
do the readings represent? (First mark from the edge of balance = 1N,
second mark = 2N, third mark = 3N, and so on). Write your answers on
a separate sheet of paper.

2. How do you compare the direction of force of your partner and yours?

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Activity 1.2. What’s Your Reaction?
Apply what you learned by reporting an image searched on the internet
that best depicts the following concepts. Write your answers on a separate sheet
of paper.
A. Complete the action-reaction pair by describing the reaction force.

Photos from Physics classroom.com

B. Give the action-reaction pair in each picture.

Photos from Physics classroom.com

Activity 1.3. Please Explain the Action-Reaction Forces in Swimming!

1. Give the action-reaction pair involved in swimming.

2. Why does the swimmer push the water backward and not forward? Explain
your answer.

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 Remember
● Forces always come in pairs.

● Forces are equal in magnitude but in opposite directions. The amount of

action force is equal to the amount of the reaction force. The direction of
the action force is opposite the direction of the reaction force.

● Though equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, forces do not cancel

each other because they act on different bodies.

Checking Your Understanding

Read and analyze the following questions. Apply what you learned from this
lesson. Write all your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. While driving down the road, a firefly strikes the windshield of a bus and
makes an obvious mess in front of the face of the driver. This is a clear case
of Newton's third law of motion. The firefly hits the bus and the bus hits the
firefly. Which of the two forces is greater: the force on the firefly or the force
on the bus? Support your answer.

2. Imagine being an astronaut doing a space walk outside the shuttle. In your
excitement, you miss the fact that you have used up all the gas in your
reaction jet. How do you plan to return to the space shuttle?

3. How do action-reaction force pairs work on large and small objects?

a. Why doesn't the Earth appear to move when you push down on it with
your foot?
b. How do rockets take off? Apply Newton’s third law.

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 Post-Test

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answers on a

separate sheet of paper.
1. When a heavy football player and a light one run into each other, who
exerts more force?
A. The heavy one
B. The light one.
C. They exert the same force.
D. There is no force exerted by each player.

2. When Rafael jumps, his action force acts on the ground. What happens to
the reaction force?
A. It is absorbed by the ground.
B. It acts on Rafael.
C. It is greater than the action force.
D. It is less than the action force.

3. According to Newton’s third law, whenever a force is exerted to a body by

another body, these forces interact. How do you describe these forces?
A. They are unbalanced force.
B. They are combined forces.
C. They are equal in size and in the same direction.
D. They are equal in size and in opposite directions.

4. A gun recoils when it is fired. As the gases from the gunpowder explosion
expand, the gun pushes the bullet forward and the bullet pushes the gun
backward. How do these two forces compare?
A. The force of the gun on the bullet is larger.
B. The force of the bullet on the gun is larger.
C. The force of the bullet on the gun is lesser.
D. The forces are the same in amount.

5. A person is attracted toward the center of the earth by a 600 N

gravitational force. How much force with which the earth is attracted
toward the person?
A. very small.
B. very large.
C. 300N
D. 600N

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References

Science Grade 8 Learner’s Module First Edition 2013

Physical Science (New Edition). Prentice Hall Neecham, Massachusets
Hewitt, Paul G. (1993). Conceptual Physics (7th Edition). HarperCollins College
Publishers
Retrieved from https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-4/Newton-s-
Third-
Law#:~:text=These%20two%20forces%20are%20called,on%20the%20two%20interacti
ng%20objects. June 18, 2020
Retrieved from https://www.groovylabinabox.com/4-groovy-ways-to-teach-newtons-3rd-
law/https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-4/Newton-s-Third-
Law#:~:text=These%20two%20forces%20are%20called,on%20the%20two%20interacti
ng%20objects. June 19, 2020
Google slides

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