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    Module 2

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    Renee Andrei Concepcion Mozar
    This document provides an introduction to human anatomy and physiology terminology. It defines regional terms to describe different body areas like the axial and appendicular regions. It also describes directional terminology used in anatomy like anterior, posterior, superior, and inferior. It outlines the major body cavities like the dorsal, ventral, thoracic, and abdominopelvic cavities. It identifies serous membranes that line body cavities and covers organs. Finally, it shows the abdominal regions and quadrants used to describe locations in the abdomen.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Module 2

    Uploaded by

    Renee Andrei Concepcion Mozar
    83 views10 pages
    This document provides an introduction to human anatomy and physiology terminology. It defines regional terms to describe different body areas like the axial and appendicular regions. It also describes directional terminology used in anatomy like anterior, posterior, superior, and inferior. It outlines the major body cavities like the dorsal, ventral, thoracic, and abdominopelvic cavities. It identifies serous membranes that line body cavities and covers organs. Finally, it shows the abdominal regions and quadrants used to describe locations in the abdomen.

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    MODULE 2

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    This document provides an introduction to human anatomy and physiology terminology. It defines regional terms to describe different body areas like the axial and appendicular regions. It also describes directional terminology used in anatomy like anterior, posterior, superior, and inferior. It outlines the major body cavities like the dorsal, ventral, thoracic, and abdominopelvic cavities. It identifies serous membranes that line body cavities and covers organs. Finally, it shows the abdominal regions and quadrants used to describe locations in the abdomen.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    83 views10 pages

    Module 2

    Uploaded by

    Renee Andrei Concepcion Mozar
    This document provides an introduction to human anatomy and physiology terminology. It defines regional terms to describe different body areas like the axial and appendicular regions. It also describes directional terminology used in anatomy like anterior, posterior, superior, and inferior. It outlines the major body cavities like the dorsal, ventral, thoracic, and abdominopelvic cavities. It identifies serous membranes that line body cavities and covers organs. Finally, it shows the abdominal regions and quadrants used to describe locations in the abdomen.

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    of 10

    HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

    1st Semester Notes

    GROSS ANATOMY INTRODUCTION

    REGIONAL TERMS

    Names of specific body areas

    AXIAL REGION APPENDICULAR REGION


    •The Main Axis of the body •The Limbs of the body

    BSN - 1A
    1
    HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
    1st Semester Notes

    DIRECTIONAL TERMINOLOGY VENTRAL (ANTERIOR)


    ‣TOWARDS THE FRONT of the body
    Refers to the body in anatomical position ‣“In front”
    Standardized terms of directions are paired terms ‣ex. The breastbone is anterior to the spine

    SUPERIOR (CRANIAL)
    ‣TOWARD THE HEAD or upper part of a
    structure of the body
    ‣“On Top”
    ‣ex. The forehead is superior to the nose

    DORSAL (POSTERIOR)
    ‣TOWARDS THE BACKSIDE of the body
    ‣“Behind”
    ‣ex. The heart is posterior to the breastbone

    INFERIOR (CAUDAL)
    ‣AWAY THE HEAD or towards the lower part of
    a structure of the body
    ‣“Below” MEDIAL
    ‣ex. The navel is inferior to the breastbone ‣TOWARDS THE MIDDLE of the body
    ‣“On the inner side of..”
    ‣ex. The heart is medial to the arm

    BSN - 1A
    2
    HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
    1st Semester Notes
    LATERAL DISTAL
    ‣AWAY FROM THE MIDLINE of the body ‣FARTHER FROM THE ORIGIN of a body part or
    ‣“On the outer side of…” the point of attachment of a limb to the body
    ‣ex. The arms are lateral to the chest trunk of the body
    ‣“Towards the bottom”
    ‣ex. The knee is distal to the thigh

    INTERMEDIATE
    ‣BETWEEN A MORE MEDIAL AND MORE
    LATERAL STRUCTURE of the body
    ‣ex. The collarbone is intermediate between the
    breastbone and the shoulder
    SUPERFICIAL (EXTERNAL)
    ‣TOWARDS THE SURFACE of the body
    ‣ex. The skin is superficial to the skeleton

    PROXIMAL
    ‣CLOSE TO THE ORIGIN OF THE BODY PART
    or the point of attachments OF A LIMB TO THE DEEP (INTERNAL)
    BODY TRUNK of the body ‣AWAY FROM THE BODY SURFACE of the
    ‣“Towards the top” body
    ‣ex. The elbow is proximal to the wrist ( Meaning ‣More internal
    that the elbow is closer to the shoulder - point of ‣ex. The lungs are deep to the rib cage
    attachment - of the arm than the wrist is)

    BSN - 1A
    3
    HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
    1st Semester Notes
    IPSILATERAL
    ‣ON THE SAME SIDE
    ‣ex. The right hand and right foot are ipsilateral

    CONTRALATERAL
    ‣ON OPPOSITE SIDEs
    ‣ex. The right hand and the left foot are
    contralateral

    BSN - 1A
    4
    HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
    1st Semester Notes

    REGIONAL TERMS

    ANTERIOR VIEW

    BSN - 1A
    5
    HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
    1st Semester Notes

    REGIONAL TERMS

    POSTERIOR VIEW

    BSN - 1A
    6
    HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
    1st Semester Notes

    BODY PLANES AND SECTIONS

    CORONAL (FRONTAL) MEDIAL (MIDSAGITTAL) TRANSVERSE PLANE


    PLANE PLANE •Runs horizontally and divides
    •Lies Vertically and divides the •Specific sagittal plane that lies the body into SUPERIOR AND
    body into ANTERIOR AND VERTICALLY IN THE MIDLINE INFERIOR PARTS
    POSTERIOR PARTS

    BSN - 1A
    7
    HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
    1st Semester Notes

    BODY CAVITIES AND MEMBRANES VENTRAL BODY CAVITY


    Subdivided into:

    DORSAL BODY CAVITY


    subdivided into the cranial cavity and the vertebral THORASIC CAVITY
    cavity
    Divided into three parts:

    • Two lateral parts each containing a lung


    surrounded by a PLEURAL CAVITY
    • MEDIASTINUM – contains the heart surrounded
    by the pericardial sac

    ABOMINOPELVIC CAVITY
    Divided into two parts:

    • ABDOMINAL CAVITY – contains the liver,


    stomach, kidneys, and other organs
    • PELVIC CAVITY – contains the bladder, some
    reproductive organs, and rectum

    CRANIAL CAVITY
    Houses the BRIAN

    Serous membrane is Meninges:


    The delicate inner layer is the pia mater. The middle
    layer is the arachnoid, a web-like structure filled with
    fluid that cushions the brain. The tough outer layer is
    called the dura mater

    VERTEBRAL CAVITY
    Runs through the vertebral column and encloses the
    SPINAL CHORD

    BSN - 1A
    8
    HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
    1st Semester Notes

    BODY CAVITIES AND MEMBRANES

    SEROUS CAVITIES
    a slit-like space lined by a serous membrane

    Examples: Pleura, pericardium, and peritoneum

    PARIETAL SEROSA – outer wall of the cavity

    VISCERAL SEROSA covers the visceral organs

    OTHER BODY CAVITIES


    Oral cavity
    - Commonly called the mouth
    - Contains the teeth and tongue
    Nasal cavity
    - Located within and posterior to the nose

    Orbital cavities
    - In the skull that houses the eye and present them in
    a anterior position

    Middle ear cavities


    - Carved into the skull that lie medial to the ear-
    drums
    - Contain tiny bones that transmit sound vibrations
    to the hearing receptors in the inner ear

    Synovial Cavities
    - Between joints
    - Meninges

    BSN - 1A
    9
    HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
    1st Semester Notes

    ABDOMINAL REGIONS ABDOMINAL QUADRANTS

    Abdominal regions divide the abdomen divide the abdomen into four quadrants:
    into nine regions
    • Right upper and left upper quadrants
    • Right lower and left lower quadrants

    BSN - 1A
    10

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