Skills P 2

21- what are the benefits of effective listening?
As we listen to others we:

1 .Interpret and evaluate the meaning from the verbal and non-verbal information that we
receive.
2.Plan and rehearse our response in preparing to execute it.
22- why do we need to listen well

1. Listening leads to the understanding of facts and ideas
2 Listening helps to gain new knowledge and also for enjoyment
3. To avoid miscommunication
4. How well we listen has a major impact on our jobs and relationships
23-what are the differences between listening and hearing

1.Listening is the active process of receiving aural alarm by hearing, selecting, attending,
understanding, evaluating and remembering whereas hearing is
a passive physiological process in which sound is received by the ear.
2.Listening requires energy and desire; you must get involved and work at listening. Listening
doesn’t just happen; we must make it happen. Hearing, however occurs with little or no effort
when sound waves reach our ears.
24-what are the stages of effective listening? (In details)

Hearing
Hearing is the passive registering of sounds; the ILA definition of listening identifies the first part
of the listening process as receiving, which happens when you hear. You may sense the sounds,
but you do not allow them to penetrate beyond a superficial level.
Selecting
To make sense out of our environment, we must choose which stimuli we will listen to and which
we will ignore. This process is called selecting.
Attending
. Attending is a mental process of focusing or concentrating for a period of time of a specific
stimuli that you have selected while ignoring or downplaying other competing, internal and
external stimuli
Understanding
The main difference between hearing and listening is understanding. Once you have heard,
selected and attended to sounds, you assign meaning to them.
Evaluating
In the evaluating stage, the listener analyzes evidence, sorts fact from opinion, determines the
intent of the speaker, judges the accuracy of personal conclusions.
Remembering
When we say we are listening to someone, we may actually mean that we are paying attention to
what is being said, we may not be indicating that we understand the message or that we will
remember it. Remembering is thinking of something again.
25- what are types of listening? (In details)
1. Listening to obtain information
You probably send most of your listening time listening for information, that is, listening to gain
comprehension. You listen as your teacher discusses process, perception, nonverbal and verbal
communication, famous speakers and similar topics in order to learn about speech skills.
2. Listening to evaluate
Evaluative listening is listening to judge or to analyze information. For example, teacher listens to
students’ speeches to discriminate between good and poor presentations and to assign grades.
3. Listening with empathy
Emphatic listening occurs when you listen to what someone else is experiencing and seek to
understand that person’s thoughts and feelings.
26- what are barriers to listening?

1 .Forming a judgment or evaluation before we understand what being said, or ‘jumping to
conclusions’.
2. Hearing what we want to hear.
3 .Tuning out a point of view that differs from our own.
4 .Formulating and rehearsing our response.
5. Being inattentive - thinking about something else entirely.
6. Having a closed mind- you do not want to hear what the person has to say.
7 .Feeling anxious or self-conscious
8 .Judging the person, either positively or negatively.
9. Subjective biases based on ignorance or prejudice.
10. Cultural issues, e.g. listening to the differences in pronunciation of a different accent, rather
than the content of the message.
11 .Excessive talking or interrupting.
27- what are the keys to effective listening?

1 . Stop talking- listen openly to the other person.
2 . Remove distractions.
3. Be receptive to the other person.
4. Delay evaluation of what you have heard until you fully understand it.
5 Try not to be defensive. Try to relax as any tension or impatience is likely to transmit via non-
verbal leakage.
6. Maintain attention. Respond through your own facial expressions or body gestures such as a
nod or a smile without interrupting the other person’s flow.
7. Ask the other person for as much detail as he/she can provide; reflect back or paraphrase what
the other is saying to make sure you understand it and check for understanding.
28- what are the techniques to resolve the anxiety?

1. Accept that it is perfectly normal to feel nervous or anxious to some extent.
2. Prepare well.
3. Be realistic. Are your standards too high? Take off the unnecessary pressure that comes
from negative and unrealistic thoughts by challenging them and seeking the more rational view.
That worst case.
4. The scenario you imagine is highly improbable, and if a less than positive outcome does
occur, it is unlikely to be the end of the world!
5. Use relaxation exercises such as deep breathing.
6. Behave ‘as if’ you are feeling confident; i.e.
29- what are the key steps considered in presentation planning? (In details)
1. Set your objective. A simple sentence can be a good means of defining your purpose in giving
the presentation, and will begin to determine the content.
2. Understand your audience: Try and have a basic idea of the size of the audience and who they
are.
3. Know your setting: Find out about the equipment – audiovisual aids etc. that will be available.
Check out the location of the presentation;
4. Write down the ‘central theme’ of the talk.
5. Write your outlines: Ask yourself: What are the main points I need to make to get my message
across?
6. Develop your visual aids: For example, will you use a flipchart, whiteboard, PowerPoint,
overhead projector or data projector etc
7. Prepare your delivery notes, according to the structured outline.
8. Deliver your presentation.
30- state the structure of presentation in details.

Introduction:
Through the introduction you should grab your audience’s attention and set the scene. Ways of
getting your audience’s attention include asking a rhetorical or intriguing question, providing a
relevant and interesting fact, giving an anecdote, outlining the valuable information
The main body:

Select the main points that support your argument but only include as much detail as your
audience needs. Also, be aware that people will not remember too many points.
Conclusion:
There are various ways of concluding a presentation including changing the pace, using a new
visual aid, summarizing your main points, drawing the conclusion and its importance, making
recommendations, asking for questions, getting feedback, asking for or recommending
31- what are the presentation delivery types? (In details)
1. Impromptu: This involves giving a talk with no prior planning, and is often the least preferred
method. Sometimes however, we do not have an opportunity to prepare and are called on to
speak at short notice.
2. Extemporaneous: This involves cue cards or slides on which you summarize the main points
which you then flesh out.
3. Memorized: This approach involves learning and regurgitating a manuscript. This is more
difficult when giving longer presentations in that there is a lot of material to be memorized.
4. Read: This involves speaking from a prepared manuscript. However, while this can feel the
safest option, try to use it as a guide as far as possible rather than reading it word for word, as
your delivery could otherwise sound stilted. Practice and rehearse in order to remember key
points.
32- state the presentation delivery techniques?
1. Use appropriate language and avoid terminologies. If the audience do not understand
most of what is being talked about, they will become detached.
2. Be suitably paced. Inexperienced speakers have a habit of speaking too quickly. On the
other hand, speaking too slowly is a recipe for boredom.
placing them center stage. Even the best of these are only aids to assist the speaker.
4. Make use of sub-summaries, signposts and links. Pause at transitional points in the flow of
ideas to briefly summarize the material covered.
5. Emphasize key points verbally, non-verbally and vocally. Emphasize verbally through
listing key points
6. Be verbally fluent. Effective public speakers do not have to be word perfect.
7. Be concrete and precise, rather than appearing vague and indefinite.
8. Be dynamic. Use punchy rhetoric, vocal variation and non-verbal animation. If you are not
enthused, how can you expect to be sufficiently enlivened to enthuse others?
9. Be varied, e.g. intersperse talk with graphs, slides or pieces of video that the audience can
look at as a break from listening.
10. Avoid distractions, e.g. pacing around, playing with a pen or pointer, over use of certain
stock phrases. Gain control of body language.
11. Seem natural and not contrived. This can take some time and practice.
12. Rehearse what is going to be said.
33- what are the important tips to avoid getting frustrated?

Same as anxiety
34- sate the steps of efficient responding to questions?

1. Listen to questions without interrupting
2. Repeat or rephrase the question
3. Begin with general answer and then follow up with details
4. Address response to everyone
5. Avoid cover up gestures
35- what are the things to be avoided when handling questions and answers?
Avoid cover up gestures
36- state the common scenarios that occur when someone asks a question.
• If you know the correct answer.
• If you don’t know the correct answer.
• Another audience may chime in with a response.
• Audience members are conversing among themselves.
• Audience member asks a multiport question.
• Audience member is ruthless.
37- state the presentation evaluation methods.
Oral Evaluations
These may be given after each presentation, or to all speakers. However, oral evaluations may be
forgotten or misinterpreted by speakers in the "let-down" after the presentation performance.
Written Evaluations
These can be helpful by providing a record of response for each speaker, and it encourages those
responding to be more thoughtful and deliberate.
39- state the presentation evaluation tips in details.

1- Planning For Evaluation
Decide on a method for evaluation before presentation begins.
Respect session rules for audience behavior in advance, including: whether or not to enter
or exit the room after a presentation has started
Know and adhere the evaluation criteria.
2. Presentation Day
Use a stopwatch to time presentations.
Seat yourself to the back and to one side of the audience. Presenters tend to focus on the
evaluator and not establish eye contact with other audience members.
3-Evaluation
Find something positive to say about each presentation.
Making brief notes on the evaluation sheet can help identify a thesis, main points, and key
supporting materials.
Make your basic evaluation during session, unless you have a video-recording of the
presentation..
.4- After session
•Ask for the speakers to hand in their outline when they have completed the presentation.
38- what are the presentation evaluation criteria for those:

• Introduction
• Organization
• Content
• Visual aids
• Conclusion
• Delivery
• Discussion
introduction:
Did the introduction capture your interest?
Was necessary background given?
Was a clear purpose conveyed?
2. Organization
Was there a clear organization?
Were transitions between sections clear and effective?
Did the organization lead to a clear conclusion?
3. Content
Did the speakers support their points?
Was the supporting material relevant, up to date?
4. Visual Aids
• Were visual aids used effectively and appropriately, carefully prepared?
• 5. Conclusion
Were key points reinforced?
Was a sense of closure provided?
If appropriate, was a course of action proposed?
6. Delivery
Was/were the speaker(s) natural, enthusiastic?
Did they speak clearly?
Were appropriate gestures, posture, expressions used?
7. Discussion
• Were questions answered accurately, clearly, effectively?
8. General Comments

Skills P 2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Skills P 2

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Skills P 2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

21- what are the benefits of effective listening?

As we listen to others we:

22- why do we need to listen well

23-what are the differences between listening and hearing

24-what are the stages of effective listening? (In details)

26- what are barriers to listening?

27- what are the keys to effective listening?

28- what are the techniques to resolve the anxiety?

30- state the structure of presentation in details.

The main body:

33- what are the important tips to avoid getting frustrated?

34- sate the steps of efficient responding to questions?

39- state the presentation evaluation tips in details.

38- what are the presentation evaluation criteria for those:

You might also like