PRAKTIS KENDIRI

Arahan: Jawab soalan-soalan yang berikut.

Instructions: Answer the following questions.

1 Rajah di bawah menunjukkan transformer injak naik.

The diagram below shows a step-up transformer.

P R

10 lilitan/coils 30 lilitan/coils

Q S
Gegelung primer Gegelung sekunder
Primary coil Secondary coil

(a) Antara terminal yang berikut, yang manakah membawa output yang dihasilkan? Terangkan.
Which of the following terminals carry the output produced? Explain.
A R dan S B P dan Q
R and S P and Q
C Q dan R D S dan P
Q and R S and P

Penerangan/Explanation:
R dan S disambung pada gegelung sekunder.
R and S are connected to the secondary coil.

(b) Lukiskan simbol transformer itu dalam ruang di bawah.

Draw the symbol of transformer in the space below.

(c) Nisbah voltan primer kepada voltan sekunder adalah sama dengan nisbah bilangan lilitan gegelung primer
kepada bilangan lilitan gegelung sekunder dalam sebuah transformer.
The ratio of primary voltage to the secondary voltage is equal to the ratio of the number of turns of the primary coils to
the number of turns of the secondary coil in a transformer.

Vp = voltan input (voltan primer)/Input voltage (primary voltage)

Vp Np Vs = voltan output (voltan sekunder)/Output voltage (secondary voltage)
=
Vs Ns Np = bilangan lilitan gegelung primer/Number of primary coil turns
Ns = bilangan lilitan gegelung sekunder/Number of secondary coil turns

Jika bekalan voltan input ialah 240 V, hitungkan voltan output.

If the supply of input voltage is 240 V, calculate the output voltage.
240 10
=
Vs 30
240
Vs = × 30
10
= 720 V

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 2 Apakah fungsi transformer injak turun?
What is the function of a step-down transformer?
Menurunkan voltan bagi arus ulang-alik
Lowers the voltage of the alternating current

3 Apakah yang diubah oleh transformer?

What is changed by a transformer?
Voltan elektrik/Electric voltage

4 Rajah di bawah menunjukkan simbol bagi transformer.

The diagram below shows the symbol of a transformer.

Gegelung primer Gegelung sekunder

Primary coil Secondary coil

Antara pernyataan berikut, yang manakah benar mengenai transformer ini? Betulkan pernyataan yang salah.
Which of the following statements about this transformer are true? Correct the wrong statement.
I Merupakan transformer injak naik.
It is a step-up transformer.
II Kuasa input masuk melalui gegelung primer.
The power input enters through the primary coil.
III Arus ulang-alik mengalir melalui transformer.
Alternating current is flowing through the transformer.

Jawapan/Answer: II dan/and III

Penerangan/Explanation:
I Merupakan transformer injak turun.
It is a step-down transformer.

5 Rajah di bawah menunjukkan sebuah transformer.

The diagram below shows a transfomer.

a.u.
a.c.

20 lilitan 10 lilitan
20 turns 10 turns

Jika bekalan a.u. ialah 240 V, berapakah voltan yang dijanakan pada gegelung sekunder bagi transformer itu?
Tunjukkan pengiraan.
If the a.c. supply is 240 V, what is the voltage generated in the secondary coil of the transformer? Show the calculation.
Voltan melintasi gegelung primer Bilangan lilitan pada gegelung primer
Voltan melintasi gegelung sekunder =
Bilangan lilitan pada gegelung sekunder
Voltage across the primary coil Number of turns on the primary coil
Voltage across the secondry coil = Number of turns on the secondry coil
240 20
V = 10
10
 V = 240 ×
20

= 120 V

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 6 Kenal pastikan jenis transformer dan nyatakan keadaan mentol.
Identify the types of transformer and state the condition of the bulbs.

Transformer injak naik Transformer injak turun Cerah Malap

Step-up transformer Step-down transformer Brightly Dimly

(a)
Gegelung primer Gegelung sekunder
Primary coil Secondary coil

Mentol menyala dengan cerah .

Bulb shines brightly .
Bekalan a.u.
a.c. supply

Transformer injak naik/Step-up transformer

(b)
Gegelung primer
Primary coil Gegelung sekunder
Secondary coil

Mentol menyala dengan malap .

Bulb shines dimly .

Bekalan a.u.
a.c. supply

Transformer injak turun/Step-down transformer

(c)

Transformer injak naik/Step-up transformer

(d)

Transformer injak turun/Step-down transformer

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 7 Lengkapkan rajah di bawah untuk membandingkan transformer injak naik dan injak turun.
Compare the diagram below to compare the step-up and step-down transformers.

Persamaan/Similarity

Mengubah voltan arus

Transformer injak Transformer injak
naik ulang-alik . turun
Step-up transformer Step-down transformer
Change the voltage of
alternating current

Perbezaan/Differences

Lebih rendah Voltan primer (input) berbanding Lebih tinggi

Lower voltan sekunder (output) Higher
Primary voltage (input) as compared
to secondary voltage (output)

Bilangan lilitan pada gegelung

primer berbanding pada gegelung
Kurang sekunder Lebih
Less more
Number of wire turns on primary coil
as compared to secondary coil

8 Azhar berasa hairan mengapa hampir semua alatan elektrik atau elektronik di rumahnya seperti pengecas bateri
komputer riba dan telefon bimbit atau kotak kawalan kelajuan kipas siling, telah dipasang dengan transformer di
dalamnya. Terangkan.
Azhar felt surprised why almost all electrical or electronic appliances at home such as laptop and mobile phone battery charges
or speed control box of ceiling fan, have in-built transformers. Explain.
Alatan elektrik atau elektronik di rumah lazimnya beroperasi pada voltan yang kurang atau lebih daripada voltan
yang dibekalkan daripada terminal. Transformer perlu dipasang untuk mengubah voltan elektrik mengikut keperluan.
The electrical or electronic devices at home usually operates at voltage less or greater than the voltage that is available at
supply terminals. Transformers need to be installed to change the electrical voltage according to the requirements.

9 Isi tempat kosong dengan jawapan yang betul.

Fill in the blanks with corrects answers.

(a) Transformer memerlukan arus ulang-alik untuk berfungsi.

Transformers require an alternating current to function.

(b) Dalam transformer injak turun, bilangan lilitan dalam gegelung primer adalah kurang daripada
bilangan lilitan dalam gegelung sekunder.
In a step-up transformer, the number of turns in the primary coil is less than the number of turns in
the secondary coil.

(c) Dalam transformer injak turun, voltan output adalah kurang daripada voltan input.
In a step-down transformer, the output voltage is less than the input voltage.

(d) Transformer injak naik digunakan untuk mengubah 240 V kepada 450 V.
A step-up transformer is used to change 240 V to 450 V.

10 Mei Ling ingin tahu mengapa transformer injak turun digunakan di dalam pengecas bateri telefon bimbit dan
bukannya transformer injak naik. Mei Ling bertanya kepada gurunya. Bagaimanakah anda dapat membantu
gurunya menjawab soalan Mei Ling?
Mei Ling wanted to know why the step-down transformer is used in mobile phone charger instead of a step-up transformer.
Mei Ling asked her teacher. How can you help her teacher to answer Mei Ling’s question?
Voltan output pengecas bateri telefon bimbit adalah lebih rendah daripada voltan input.
The output voltage of the mobile phone battery charger is lower than the input voltage.

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