XXXXX

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
SUMMER – 2022 EXAMINATION
Subject Name: Renewable Energy Technology Model Answer Subject Code: 22661
Important Instructions to examiners:
XXXXX
1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer
scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may try to assess the
understanding level of the candidate.
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more Importance (Not
applicable for subject English and Communication Skills.
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in the figure. The
figures drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give credit for any equivalent
figure drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed constant values
may vary and there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers and model answer.
6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgement on part of examiner of relevant answer
based on candidate’s understanding.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on equivalent
concept.
8) As per the policy decision of Maharashtra State Government, teaching in English/Marathi and Bilingual
(English + Marathi) medium is introduced at first year of AICTE diploma Programme from academic year
2021-2022. Hence if the students in first year (first and second semesters) write answers in Marathi or
bilingual language (English +Marathi), the Examiner shall consider the same and assess the answer
based on matching of concepts with model answer.
Q. Sub Answer Marking

No. Q. N. Scheme
01 Answer any five 10
01 a Evacuated tube collectors

A flat plate collector
Unglazed flat-plate collectors Any 04
Line Focus Collectors names
Point Focus Collectors
( from
Asphalt Solar collector
list or
Photo voltaic solar thermal collectors
figure)
02 marks
Page No: ____/ N

(Autonomous)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
No. Sub Answer Marking
Q. N. Scheme
01 B Biogas is mainly consists of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) 02 marks
and may have small amounts of hydrogen sulphide (H2S), moisture and siloxanes.
01 c Types of materials used for manufacturing of solar Photovoltaic cells

PV cells are made of semiconductor materials. The major types of materials are crystalline Names
and thin films. of any 4
1. Single-crystal silicon
materials
2. Polycrystalline silicon
3. Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) 02 marks
4. Thin Film Materials
In a thin-film PV cell, a thin semiconductor layer of PV materials is deposited on
low cost supporting layer such as glass, metal or plastic foil.
5. Amorphous Silicon (a-Si)
6. Cadmium Telluride (CdTe)
01 d 01 mark
NIWE National Institute of Wind Energy.
IREDA Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Limited. each
01 e 02 marks
Micro-hydropower systems are small hydropower plants that have an installed power
generation capacity of less than 100 kilowatts (kW)
01 f Types of batteries used in photovoltaic system any two

1. Lead acid batteries.
2. Lithium ion batteries. 02 marks
3. Nickel based batteries.
4. Flow batteries.
01 g any two
Types of hybrid renewable energy systems
1. Solar and wind 02 marks
2. Hydro and wind
3. Solar PV and solar thermal
4. Wind-hydrogen system
5. Wind and diesel
6. Solar and diesel
Page No: ____/ N

(Autonomous)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________

No. Q. N. Scheme
02 a) Domestic water heating system.

A tilted flat plate solar collector with water as heat transfer fluid is used in solar
water heating system. A thermally insulated hot water storage tank is mounted above the Sketch 02
collector. The heated water of the collector rises up to the hot water tank and equal marks
quantity of cold water enters the collector. The cycle repeats, resulting in all the water of Explanation
the hot water tank getting heated up. When water is taken out from hot water outlet, the
same is replaced by cold water from cold water tank, fixed above the hot water tank. 02 marks
02
b
These are types of maintenance
a) Preventive Maintenance b) Condition based Maintenance c) Unscheduled Maintenance
a) The main activities under Preventive Maintenance include:
Mounting structure integrity
Module cleaning
any eight
Hotspots detection
activities
Junction box servicing
04 marks
Inverter servicing
Cabling connections
Balance of plant
Inverter Servicing
Earthing protection
Vegetation control
b) Condition-based maintenance includes monitoring of equipment condition and plant
operations on a real-time basis and addresses a potential problem at an early stage to
prevent downtime. This approach uses periodic measurements to detect evidence
Page No: ____/ N

(Autonomous)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
that equipment is deteriorating, with the aim of extending service life by avoiding
impending problems. It improves system performance and efficiency by anticipating
failures and catching them early. This kind of maintenance requires a special
diagnostic equipment and a robust plant performance monitoring system which can
extend and improve system life.
c) Unscheduled Maintenance (Corrective Maintenance)
Corrective maintenance includes repair of broken down equipment and is usually
reactive. In short run, this saves staff time and expenses but over the long run, it can turn
out to be costly in terms of unplanned equipment downtime, repairs, and shorter
equipment life.
It includes
• Tightening loose connections
• Replacing damaged modules
• Replacing blown fuses
• Repairing blown fuses
• Rectifying inverter faults
• Repairing equipment damaged by intruders
• Replacing blown connectors
• Rectifying SCADA faults
• Rectifying mounting structure faults
The cut-in speed is the speed at which the turbine starts generating electricity from
02 c 01 mark
turning. each
the cut-in speed is around 3–4 m/s for most turbines, definition
The cut-out speed is the speed at which the turbine stops generating electricity from
turning. The cut-out speed is around 25 m/s. 01 mark
Names of wind speed measurement devices each for
 Anemometer example
 Laser-Based LIDAR any two
 Sound-Based SODAR
Page No: ____/ N

(Autonomous)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
02 d Layout of micro hydro power plant layout 02
marks
In Hydro electric power plants the energy of water is utilized to move the hydraulic
turbines which in turn run an electric generator to convert the mechanical energy of turbine explanation
into electric energy. The rain water that flows on the earth’s surface has potential energy 02 marks
relative to the ocean towards which it flows. In hydro electric power plants, the water is
collected and artificially stored by constructing dams across the flowing stream. This
potential energy of water is converted into mechanical work and ultimately into electrical
energy.
A small hydro electric power plant consists of the following :
1. Reservoir: used to store water during rainy season. This water is used to run the
hydraulic turbine
2. Dam: It is a structure of considerable height built across the river. It provides working
head of water for power plant
3.Gate : It is provided for controlling of flow of water from reservoir to turbine
4.Waterway and penstock: Waterway carries water from the dm to the power house. It
includes canal and penstock or tunnel
5.Hydraulic turbine: These are used to convert the kinetic energy of water into
mechanical energy
Page No: ____/ N

(Autonomous)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
No. Q. N. Scheme
03 Answer any three 12
3 a State any four commonly occurring faults and its remedies in commercial solar water heating 01 mark
system. for each
fault and
its any
one
remedy
Page No: ____/ N

(Autonomous)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________

No. Q. N. Scheme
03 b Draw layout of photovoltaic micro grid system. Describe its principle of working. Layout
02 marks
Working
A solar photovoltaic (PV) array – or group of solar panels – captures and generates 02 marks
electricity from the sun’s light. The electricity passes through a solar charge controller. The
controller acts as a voltage/current regulator. This protects the batteries and the solar panels
from damage caused by overcharging. It also extends the life of the batteries. All of the
electricity from the PV array is then consolidated in the combiner box. The combiner box
provides further protection for the system, minimises power loss, and allows for performance
monitoring of the system. It also allows for a single, consolidated connection to the inverter
before being sent out to the community. Next, some of the electricity is sent directly out to
users through the AC/DC inverter. This inverter ensures that users are getting the right type
of electric current for their needs. Depending on the amount of sunlight available and the
amount of power being used by the community, some of the electricity generated is stored in
large batteries for future use. The batteries ensure that communities have power at night and
during stretches of cloudy weather. After power has exited the AC/DC inverter, the
electricity passes through meters. These meters allow the community to track usage by
consumer. Finally, the electricity reaches the household, business, or farm on-demand. There
is a secure control panel within the solar micro grid for technicians and community members
to monitor, manage, and repair as needed.
Page No: ____/ N

(Autonomous)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________

No. Q. Scheme
N.
3 c Draw a labeled schematic sketch of smokeless chulha. Describe its working principle. Sketch 02
marks
Working: We get heat from burning the biomass In two ways. First Is direct heat due to
burning and second is heating by flue gases. Smokeless chulha is designed to utilize the heat
by both these means effectively. Direct heat is achieved by burning the fuel at the burning
spot. Hence, with multi-pot stoves, the pot needing the highest temperature or longest
cooking time is kept over the cooking pot 1. .Pots needing less heat are placed over the Working
remaining pots. They extract heat from hot gases passing to the chimney. The firebox (i.e. 02 marks
burning spot) Is kept small as compared to another The hot flue gases are directed for the
secondary heat excitation in cooking pot 2 and cooking pot 3 as shown in Fig. Pots are kept
as low as possible into the block. This will expose a large surface area of all pots to the hot
gases. The construction of the oven is such that, the entire smoke generated while burning
the fuel is taken through a pipe and discharged into the atmosphere at a higher level. Thus,
an air draft is created and it helps smooth burning of the fuel. The ovens are so designed
that, flames are not directed outside and thus, more heat is absorbed by the vessel giving
more fuel economy.
d Describe in brief the challenges for use of bio-gas plants.

Any 04
challenges
Challenges for use of bio-gas plants.
04 marks
1. Temperature:
The anaerobic fermentation process Is temperature dependent. The process of digestion

and gasification proceeds at the highest rate, when the temperature lies between 35°C-
38°C. The process becomes slow within temperature range of 42°C-45°C and then rises
to a peak within temperature range of 55°C-60°C. Thus, the rate of gas production
increases with the increase in temperature, but the percentage of methane decreases.
2. Loading rate:
Loading rate is the weight of volatile solids fed to a digester per day. It depends upon
the plant capacity and also the retention period. Thus, for a given capacity of the
Page No: ____/ N
(Autonomous)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
digester, If the loading rate Is Increased, the 'retention period' is correspondingly
decreased.
3. Solid concentration:
Normally, 7 to 9 parts of solid In 100 parts of the slurry Is considered as ideal. It is

recommended that, 4 parts of the cattle dung to be mixed with 5 parts of water.
4. PH value:
pH value denotes the acidity and alkalinity of the substrate. The pH value less than 7 Is
called as 'acidic' and pH more than 7 Is called as 'alkaline and pH solution of 7 is called as
'neutral'.
5. Retention period:
It is the time period for which fermentable material resides inside the digester, this period
ranges from 30 days to 50 days depending upon the climatic conditions. Generally, it ls
observed that maximum gas production takes place within first four weeks' and it tapers off
gradually.
6. Nutrients concentration:
The major nutrients required by the bacteria In the digester are C, H2, O2, N2, P and S. o
To maintain proper balance of nutrients, an extra raw material (rich In P and Na) should be
added along with cattle dung to obtain maximum gas production.
7. Toxic substances:
The presence of ammonia, pesticides, detergents and heavy metals are considered ass
toxic substances to micro-organisms, since their presence reduces fermentation rate.
Page No: ____/ N

(Autonomous)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
No. Q. Scheme
N.
04 Answer any three: 12
04 a State the type of water turbine that can be used in micro hydro power stations. any type
Justify. with
justification
1) Impulse turbine:
04 marks
An impulse turbine generally uses the velocity of the water to move the runner and
discharges at atmospheric pressure. A water stream hits each bucket on the runner. With no
suction on the down side of the turbine, the water flows out the bottom of the turbine
housing after hitting the runner. An impulse turbine is generally suitable for high-head,
low-flow applications. The two main types of impulse turbine are Pelton and cross-flow
turbines.
2) Pelton wheel:
A Pelton wheel has one or more free jets discharging water into an aerated space and
impinging on the buckets of a runner. Pelton turbines are generally used for very high
heads and low flows. Draft tubes are not required for an impulse turbine because the
runner must be located above the maximum tail water to permit operation at atmospheric
pressure.
3) Turbo impulse wheel :
The Turbo turbine is an impulse water turbine designed for medium head applications.
Operational Turbo turbines achieve efficiencies of about 87%. In factory and lab tests
Turbo turbines perform with efficiencies of up to 90%. It works with net heads between 15
and 300 m.
4) Reaction turbine:
A reaction turbine generates power from the combined forces of pressure and moving
water. A runner is placed directly in the water stream, allowing water to flow over the
blades rather than striking each individually. Reaction turbines are generally used for sites
with lower head and higher flows.
Page No: ____/ N

(Autonomous)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
No. Q. Scheme
N.
04 b State application and limitations of any one hybrid type renewable energy system. application
02 marks
There are three types of hybrid type renewable energy system.
1. Wind-Bio Gas Hybrid System limitations
2. Solar-Biogas Hybrid System 02 marks
3. Wind-Solar Photovoltaic Hybrid System
Application: In commercial and industrial sectors, the systems are used (for example) in
rural offices or small tourist hotels where power shortage is chronic.
Limitations:
● Complicated controlling process
● High installation cost
● Less battery life
● The number of instruments connectable is limited.
04 c
Define the term ROI and depreciation regarding financial feasibility of renewable
energy systems. State the significance of these two terms.
ROI: The Return on Investment (ROI) refers to the effective returns that your investment
would generate throughout the life of the solar system. The higher your monthly savings on 01 mark
power bills from solar is, the quicker your initial investment would be repaid and the higher
your ROI would be.
Significance:
01 mark
Energy return on investment is probably the most important factor characterizing the
economical efficiency of an energy source.
Depreciation: Depreciation is used to convert a fixed cost (for example, an upfront, one- 01 mark
time payment for solar panels) into an annual expense. So, when you buy a solar power
system, due to reduction in efficiencies of solar panels and wear & tear of parts, its' value
decreases over time
Significance:
Depreciation powers up renewable energy investment, enhancing sustainability, access
01 mark
to energy and security of supply.
Page No: ____/ N

(Autonomous)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
No. Q. Scheme
N.
04 d List any four locations in Maharashtra where large wind mill projects erected. any four
1. Brahmanvel
2. Dhalgaon 01 mark
3. Vankusawade for each
4. Vaspet location
5. Tuljapur
6. Supa
7. Paste (sinnar)
04 e Enlist the parameters that are considered while selecting a site for micro hydro power any four
station.
parameters considered are…. 01 mark
1. Water availability and method of storage for each
2. Availability of head parameter
3. Distance of power station from power demand centre
4. Availability of construction materials
5. Access to site,
6. Availability of transport facilities etc
7. Availability of labour power
8. Heavy rain fall area
Page No: ____/ N

(Autonomous)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Q. Su Answer Marking
No b Scheme
. Q.
N.
05 Answer any two 12
05 a any two
03 mark for
each
concentrato
r
Page No: ____/ N

(Autonomous)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Fresnel lens collector flat plate collector
05 b Draw neat labeled sketch of vertical axis wind turbine. Explain its construction and working
principle.
Sketch 02
marks
Page No: ____/ N

(Autonomous)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Construction
and working
04 marks
Page No: ____/ N

(Autonomous)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Q. Su Answer Marking
No b Scheme
. Q.
N.
05 c Describe various promotional schemes offered by central and state governments for solar 06 marks
photovoltaic systems
Page No: ____/ N

(Autonomous)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
No. Q. Scheme
N.
06 Solve any two 12
06 a
Parameters
04 marks
Example
02 marks
6 b
Hybrid power plant
Figure
02 marks
Page No: ____/ N

(Autonomous)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
No. Q. Scheme
N.
6 b
Construction
and working
04 marks
NOTE : any other type of hybrid power plant using renewable energy sources may be
considered.
Page No: ____/ N

(Autonomous)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
No. Q. N. Scheme
6 c
Name of
materials
02 marks
(any 04)
Justification
02 marks
Other any
example 02
marks
Page No: ____/ N

XXXXX

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

XXXXX

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

XXXXX

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Q. Sub Answer Marking

01 Answer any five 10

01 a Evacuated tube collectors

Page No: ____/ N

01 c Types of materials used for manufacturing of solar Photovoltaic cells

01 f Types of batteries used in photovoltaic system any two

Page No: ____/ N

Q. Sub Answer Marking

02 a) Domestic water heating system.

Page No: ____/ N

Page No: ____/ N

Page No: ____/ N

03 Answer any three 12

Page No: ____/ N

Q. Sub Answer Marking

Page No: ____/ N

Q. Sub Answer Marking

d Describe in brief the challenges for use of bio-gas plants.

The anaerobic fermentation process Is temperature dependent. The process of digestion

Normally, 7 to 9 parts of solid In 100 parts of the slurry Is considered as ideal. It is

Page No: ____/ N

04 Answer any three: 12

3) Turbo impulse wheel :

Page No: ____/ N

Page No: ____/ N

Page No: ____/ N

05 Answer any two 12

Page No: ____/ N

Fresnel lens collector flat plate collector

Page No: ____/ N

Page No: ____/ N

Page No: ____/ N

06 Solve any two 12

Page No: ____/ N

Page No: ____/ N

Page No: ____/ N

You might also like