Target : JEE (Main) Circle

CONTENTS

 CIRCLE :

Topic Page No.

Theory –– 01 – 16

Exercise # 1 : Objective Questions –– 17 – 21

Exercise # 2 : Part – I : Objective Questions –– 22 – 25

: Part - II : Miscellaneous Questions

Exercise # 3 : JEE (Main) / AIEEE Problems –– 25 – 29

: Part – II :JEE (Advanced) / IIT-JEE Problems

Answers –– 30 – 30

Additional Problems for Self Practice (APSP) –– 31 – 35

: Part - I : Practice Test Paper
: Part – II : Practice Questions

Answers –– 35 – 35

JEE (Main) Syllabus

Circle : Standard form of equation of a circle, general form of the equation of a circle, its radius and centre,
equation of a circle when the end points of a diameter are given, points of intersection of a line and a circle
with the centre at the origin and condition for a line to be tangent to a circle, equation of the tangent.
Circle

Circle
Four circles to the kissing come, The smaller are the benter. The bend is just the inverse of The distance from the centre. Through their
intrigue left Euclid dumb There’s now no need for rule of thumb. Since zero bend’s a dead straight line And concave bends have minus
sign, The sum of squares of all four bends Is half the square of their sum. ....... Soddy, Frederick

A circle is a locus of a point in a plane whose distance from a fixed point (called centre) is always
constant (called radius).

1.. Equation of a circle in various forms :

(i) The circle with centre as origin & radius ‘r’ has the equation; x2 + y2 = r2.

(ii) The circle with centre (h, k) & radius ‘r’ has the equation; (x  h)2 + (y  k)2 = r2.

(iii) The general equation of a circle is

x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0

with centre as (g, f) & radius = g2  f 2  c

Condition to define circle :-
g² + f²  c > 0  real circle.
g² + f²  c = 0  point circle.
g² + f²  c < 0  imaginary circle, with real centre, that is (– g, – f)

Note : That every second degree equation in x & y, in which coefficient of x2 is equal to coefficient of y2
& the coefficient of xy is zero, always represents a circle.
(iv) The equation of circle with (x1, y1) & (x2, y2) as extremeties of its diameter is:
(x  x1) (x  x2) + (y  y1) (y  y2) = 0.

.
This is obtained by the fact that angle in a semicircle is a right angle.
 (Slope of PA) (Slope of PB) = – 1
y  y1 y  y 2
 . =–1  (x – x1) (x – x2) + (y – y1) (y – y2) = 0
x  x1 x  x 2
Note that this will be the circle of least radius passing through (x1, y1) & (x2, y2).
Circle

Example # 1 : Find the equation of the circle whose centre is (1, –2) and radius is 4.
Solution : The equation of the circle is (x – 1)2 + (y – (–2))2 = 42
 (x – 1)2 + (y + 2)2 = 16   x2 + y2 – 2x + 4y – 11 = 0

Example # 2 : Find the equation of the circle which passes through the point of intersection of the lines
3x – 2y – 1 = 0 and 4x + y – 27 = 0 and whose centre is (1, 1).
Solution : Let P be the point of intersection of the lines AB and LM whose equations are respectively
3x – 2y – 1 = 0 ..........(i)
and 4x + y – 27 = 0 ..........(ii)
Solving (i) and (ii), we get x = 5, y = 7. So, coordinates of P are (5, 7). Let C(1, 1) be the centre
of the circle. Since the circle passes through P, therefore

CP = radius  (5  1)2  (7 – 1)2 = 16  36  radius = 52

2
Hence the equation of the required circle is (x – 1)2 + (y – 1)2 =  52 
Example # 3 : Find the centre & radius of the circle whose equation is x2 + y2 – 4x + 6y – 12 = 0
Solution : Comparing it with the general equation x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0, we have
2g = – 4  g = –2
2f = 6  f=3 & c = –12

centre is (–g, –f) i.e. (2, –3) and radius = g2  f 2  c = ( 2)2  (3)2  12 = 5

Example # 4: Find the equation of the circle, the coordinates of the end points of whose diameter are (–1, 2)
and (4, –3)
Solution : We know that the equation of the circle described on the line segment joining
(x1, y1) and (x2, y2) as a diameter is (x – x1) (x – x2) + (y – y1) (y – y2) = 0.

Here, x1 = –1, x2 = 4, y1 = 2 and y2 = –3.

So, the equation of the required circle is

(x + 1) (x – 4) + (y – 2) (y + 3) = 0  x2 + y2 – 3x + y – 10 = 0.

Self practice problems :

(1) Find the equation of the circle passing through the point of intersection of the lines x + 3y = 0
and 2x – 7y = 0 and whose centre is the point of intersection of the lines x + y + 1 = 0 and
x – 2y + 4 = 0.

(2) Find the equation of the circle whose centre is (1, 2) and which passes through the point (4, 6)

(3) Find the equation of a circle whose radius is 6 and the centre is at the origin.

Ans. (1) x2 + y2 + 4x – 2y = 0 (2) x2 + y2 – 2x – 4y – 20 = 0 (3) x2 + y2 = 36

Circle

2. Intercepts made by a circle on the axes :

The intercepts made by the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 on the coordinate axes are 2 g2  c (on

x-axis) & 2 f 2  c (on y-axis) respectively.

D
|g|

r |f|
C
A B

If g2 > c  circle cuts the x-axis at two distinct points.

g =c
2
 circle touches the xaxis.
g2 < c  circle lies completely above or below the xaxis.
f > c
2
 circle cuts the y-axis at two distinct points.
f =c
2
 circle touches the yaxis.
f <c
2
 circle lies completely above or below the y-axis
Example # 5 : Find the equation of the circle touching the negative y-axis at a distance 5 from the origin and
intercepting a length 8 on the x-axis.
Solution : Let the equation of the circle be x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0. Since it touches y-axis at (0, –5)
and (0, – 3) lies on the circle.
 c = f2 ...(i) 25 – 10f + f2 = 0 .......(ii)
From (i) and (ii), we get 25 – 10f + f = 0 2
(f – 5) = 0  f = 5.
2

Putting f = 3 in (i) we obtain c = 9.

It is given that the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 intercepts length 8 on x-axis

 2 g2  c = 8 2 g2  9 = 8 g2 – 9 = 16
 g=±5
Hence, the required circle is x2 + y2 ± 10x + 10y + 9 = 0.
Self practice problems :
(4) Find the equation of a circle which touches the positive axis of y at a distance 3 from the origin
and intercepts a distance 6 on the axis of x.
(5) Find the equation of a circle which touches positive y-axis at a distance of 2 units from the
origin and cuts an intercept of 3 units with the positive direction of x-axis.
Ans. (4) x2 + y2 ± 6 2 x – 6y + 9 = 0 (5) x2 + y2 – 5x – 4y + 4 = 0
3. Parametric equations of a circle :
The parametric equations of (x  h)2 + (y  k)2 = r2 are: x = h + r cos  ; y = k + r sin ;   <   
where (h, k) is the centre, r is the radius &  is a parameter.
Circle

Example # 6 : Find the parametric equations of the circle x2 + y2 – 4x – 2y + 1 = 0

Solution : We have : x2 + y2 – 4x – 2y + 1 = 0
 (x2 – 4x ) + (y2 – 2y) = – 1
 (x – 2)2 + (y – 1)2 = 22
So, the parametric equations of this circle are
x = 2 + 2 cos  , y = 1 + 2 sin .

Example # 7 : Find the equations of the following curves in cartesian form. Also, find the centre and radius of
the circle x = a + c cos , y = b + c sin 
x a y b
Solution : We have : x = a + c cos , y = b + c sin  cos  = , sin  =
c c
2 2
 x a  y b 
 +   = cos  + sin  (x– a)2 + (y – b)2 = c2
2 2
 
 c   c 
Clearly, it is a circle with centre at (a, b) and radius c.

Self practice problems :

(6) Find the parametric equations of circle x2 + y2 – 6x + 4y – 12 = 0

(7) Find the cartesian equations of the curve x = –2 + 3 cos , y = 3 + 3 sin 

Ans. (6) x = 3 + 5 cos , y = –2 + 5 sin  (7) (x + 2)2 + (y – 3)2 = 9

4. Power and position of a point with respect to a circle :

Power of the point (x1, y1) with respect to the circle S  x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 will be
S1  x1² + y1² + 2gx1 + 2fy1 + c
(i) If S1 > 0  Point will be outside the circle
(ii) If S1 = 0  Point will be on the circle
(iii) If S1 < 0  Point will be inside the circle

Note : The greatest & the least distance of a point A (lies outside the circle) from a circle with centre
C & radius r is AC + r & AC  r respectively.

Example # 8 : Discuss the position of the points (1, 2) and (8, 0) with respect to the circle
x2 + y2 – 4x + 2y – 11 = 0
Solution : We have x2 + y2 – 4x + 2y – 11 = 0 or S = 0, where S = x2 + y2 – 4x + 2y – 11.
For the point (1, 2), we have S1 = 12 + 22 – 4 × 1 +2 × 2 – 11 < 0
For the point (8, 0), we have S2 = 82 – 8 × 4 – 11 > 0
Hence, the point (1, 2) lies inside the circle and the point (8, 0) lies outside the circle.
Self practice problem :

(8) How are the points (0, 1) (3, 1) and (1, 3) situated with respect to the circle
x2 + y2 – 2x – 4y + 3 = 0?
Ans. (0, 1) lies on the circle ; (3, 1) lies outside the circle ; (1, 3) lies inside the circle.
Circle

5. Line and a circle :

Let L = 0 be a line & S = 0 be a circle. If r is the radius of the circle & p is the length of the perpendicular
from the centre on the line, then:
(i) p>r  the line does not meet the circle i. e. passes out side the circle.
(ii) p=r  the line touches the circle. (It is tangent to the circle)
(iii) p<r  the line is a secant of the circle.
(iv) p=0  the line is a diameter of the circle.
Also, if y = mx + c is line and x2 + y2 = a2 is circle then
(i) c2 < a2 (1 + m2) the line is a secant of the circle.
(ii) c2 = a2 (1 + m2)  the line touches the circle. (It is tangent to the circle)
(iii) c2 > a2 (1 + m2)  the line does not meet the circle i. e. passes out side the circle.
Secant
C r Tangent
P

These conditions can also be obtained by solving y = mx + c with x2 + y2 = a2 and making the
discriminant of the quadratic greater than zero for secant, equal to zero for tangent and less the zero for
the last case.
Example # 9 : For what value of c will the line 3y = 4x + c be a tangent to the circle x2 + y2 = 5 ?
Solution : We have : 3y = 4x + c or 4x – 3y + c = 0 ......(i) and x2 + y2 = 5 ........(ii)
If the line (i) touches the circle (ii), then
length of the  from the centre (0, 0) = radius of circle (ii)
30  40  c c c
 = 5  = 5  = ± 5 c = ± 5 5
2
4 3 2 5 5
Hence, the line (i) touches the circle (ii) for c = ± 5 5
Self practice problem :
(9) For what value of , does the line 3x + 4y =  touch the circle x2 + y2 = 10x.
Ans. 40, –10
6. Various forms of tangent :
(i) Slope form of tangent : y = mx + c is always a tangent to the circle x2 + y2 = a2
if c2 = a2 (1 + m2). Hence, equation of tangent is y = mx ± a 1  m2 and the point of
 a2m a2 
contact is   , 
 c c 

(ii) Point form of tangent :
(a) The equation of the tangent to the circle x2 + y2 = a2 at its point (x1, y1) is,
x x1 + y y1 = a².
(b) The equation of the tangent to the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 at its point
(x1, y1) is: xx1 + yy1 + g (x+x1) + f (y+y1) + c = 0.
Note : In general the equation of tangent to any second degree curve at point (x1, y1)
x  x1
on it can be obtained by replacing x2 by x x1, y2 by yy1, x by ,y
2
y  y1 x y  x y1
by , xy by 1 and c remains as c.
2 2
(iii) Parametric form of tangent : The equation of a tangent to circle x2 + y2 = a2 at
(a cos , a sin ) is x cos  + y sin  = a.
Note : The point of intersection of the tangents at the points P() & Q()
 a cos    a sin    
2 2 
is  ,
 cos    cos
 
 2 2 
Circle

Example # 10 : Find the equation of the tangent to the circle x2 + y2 – 30x +6y+109 =0 at (0, 0).
Solution : Equation of tangent is
30 6
0×x+0×y– x + y + 109 = 0  –15x + 3y + 109 = 0
2 2
Hence the required equation of tangent is –15x + 3y + 109 = 0

Example # 11 : Find the equation of tangents to the circle x2 + y2 – 6x + 4y – 12 = 0 which are perpendicular to
the line 4x + 3y + 5 = 0
Solution : Given circle is x2 + y2 – 6x + 4y – 12 = 0 .......(i)
and given line is 4x + 3y + 5 = 0 .......(ii)
Centre of circle (i) is (3, –2) and its radius is 5. Equation of any line
3x – 4y + k = 0 perpendicular to the line (ii) .......(iii)
If line (iii) is tangent to circle (i) then
| 3.3  4.(–2)  k |
= 5 or |17 + k| = 25
5
or 17 + k = ± 25  k = 8, – 42
Hence equation of required tangents are 3x – 4y – 42 = 0 and 3x – 4y + 8 = 0

Self practice problem :

(10) Find the equation of the tangents to the circle x2 + y2 – 2x – 4y – 4 = 0 which are
(i) parallel
(ii) perpendicular to the line 3x – 4y – 1 = 0
Ans. (i) 3x – 4y + 20 = 0 and 3x – 4y – 10 = 0
(ii) 4x + 3y + 5 = 0 and 4x + 3y – 25 = 0

7. Normal :
If a line is normal / orthogonal to a circle, then it must pass through the centre of the circle. Using this
y1  f
fact normal to the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 at (x1, y1) is; y  y1 = (x  x1).
x1  g

Example # 12 : Find the equation of the normal to the circle x2 + y2 = 25 at the point (4, 3).
Solution : Since normal is line joining centre (0,0) and (4, 3)
4
Slope =
3
Hence, the equation of the normal at (4, 3) is
y – 0 = (4/3) (x – 0)  3y = 4x

Self practice problem :

(11) Find the equation of the normal to the circle x2 + y2 – 2x – 4y + 3 = 0 at the point (2, 3).
Ans x–y+1=0
Circle

8. Pair of tangents from a point :

(i) Joint equation : The equation of a pair of tangents drawn from the point A (x 1, y1) to the circle
x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is : SS1 = T².
Where S  x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c ; S1  x1² + y1² + 2gx1 + 2fy1 + c
T  xx1 + yy1 + g(x + x1) + f(y + y1) + c.

Also,
 2RL 
(a) Tangent of the angle between the pair of tangents from (x1, y1) =  2  , where R
 L  R2
 
and L are radius of the circle and length of tangent respectively.
(b) Equation of the circle circumscribing the triangle APQ is :
(x  x1) (x + g) + (y  y1) (y + f) = 0.
(ii) Length of tangent (AP) : The length of a tangent from an external point (x1, y1) to the circle

S  x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is given by L = x12  y12  2g x1  2 f1 y  c = S1 .

AP = length of tangent
AP2 = AD . AE
Example # 13 : Find the equation of the pair of tangents drawn to the circle x2 + y2 – 2x + 4y = 0 from the point
(0, 1).
Solution : Given circle is S = x2 + y2 – 2x + 4y = 0 .......(i)
Let P  (0, 1)
For point P, S1 = 02 + 12 – 2.0 + 4.1 = 5
Clearly P lies outside the circle
and T  x . 0 + y . 1 – (x + 0) + 2 (y + 1)
i.e. T  –x +3y + 2.
Now equation of pair of tangents from P(0, 1) to circle (1) is SS1 = T2
or 5 (x2 + y2 – 2x + 4y) = (– x + 3y + 2)2
or 5x2 + 5y2 – 10x + 20y = x2 + 9y2 + 4 – 6xy – 4x + 12y
or 4x2 – 4y2 – 6x + 8y + 6xy – 4 = 0
or 2x2 – 2y2 + 3xy – 3x + 4y – 2 = 0 .......(ii)
Separate equation of pair of tangents :
From (ii), 2x2 + 3(y – 1) x – 2(2y2 – 4y + 2) = 0
3(y  1)  9(y  1)2  8(2y2  4y  2)
 x=
4
or 4x + 3y – 3 = ± 25y2  50y  25 = ± 5(y – 1)
 Separate equations of tangents are 2x – y + 1 = 0 and x + 2y – 2 = 0
Example # 14 : Find the length of the tangent drawn from the point (1,2) to the circle
x2 + y2 + 6x – 4y – 2 = 0
Solution : Given circle is x2 + y2 + 6x – 4y – 2 = 0 .........(i)
Given point is (1, 2). Let P = (1, 2)
Now length of the tangent from P(1, 2) to circle (i) = 1  4  6 – 8  2 = 1
Circle

Self practice problems :

(12) Find the joint equation of the tangents through (7, 1) to the circle x2 + y2 = 25.

(13) Find the area of the quadrilateral formed by a pair of tangents from the point (4, 5) to the circle
x2 + y2 – 4x – 2y – 11 = 0 and a pair of its radii.

(14) If the length of the tangent from a point (f, g) to the circle x2 + y2 = 4 be four times the length of
the tangent from it to the circle x2 + y2 = 4x, show that 15f2 + 15g2 – 64f + 4 = 0

Ans. (12) 12x2 – 12y2 + 7xy – 175x – 25y + 625 = 0

(13) 8 sq. units

9. Director circle :
The locus of the point of intersection of two perpendicular tangents is called the director circle of the
given circle. The director circle of a circle is the concentric circle having radius equal to times the
original circle.

Proof :
AC = r cosec 45º = 2
C : x + y = r , equation of director circle will be x2 + y2 = 2r2
2 2 2
Let

Example # 15 : Find the equation of director circle of the circle (x – 2)2 + (y + 1)2 = 8.
Solution : Centre & radius of given circle are (2, –1) & 2 2 respectively. Centre and radius of the director
circle will be (2, –1) & 2 × 2 2 = 4 respectively.
equation of director circle is (x – 2)2 + (y + 1)2 = 16

Self practice problem :

(15) Find the equation of director circle of the circle whose diameters are 2x – 3y + 12 = 0 and
x + 4y – 5 = 0 and area is 154 square units.
Ans. (x + 3)2 + (y – 2)2 = 98

10. Chord of contact :

If two tangents PT1 & PT2 are drawn from the point P(x1, y1) to the circle S  x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0,
then the equation of the chord of contact T1T2 is:
xx1 + yy1 + g (x + x1) + f (y + y1) + c = 0.

Notes : Here R = radius; L = length of tangent.

(i) Chord of contact exists only if the point ‘P’ is not inside.
2LR
(ii) Length of chord of contact T1 T2 = .
R2  L2
(iii) Area of the triangle formed by the pair of the tangents & its chord of contact
RL3
=
R2  L2
Circle

Example # 16 : Find the equation of the chord of contact of the tangents drawn from (3, 0) to the circle
x2 + y2 – 2x + 4y + 7 = 0
Solution : Given circle is x2 + y2 – 2x + 4y + 7 = 0 .......(i)
Let P = (3, 0)
For point P (3, 0), x2 + y2 – 2x + 4y + 7 = 9 – 6 + 7 = 10 > 0
Hence point P lies outside the circle
For point P (3, 0), T = x . 3 + y . 0 – (x + 3) + 2y + 7
i.e. T = 2x + 2y + 4
Now equation of the chord of contact of point P(3, 0) w.r.t. circle (i) will be
x+y+2=0
Self practice problems :
(16) Find the co-ordinates of the point of intersection of tangents at the points where the line
2x + y + 12 = 0 meets the circle x2 + y2 – 4x + 3y – 1 = 0
(17) Find the area of the triangle formed by the tangents drawn from the point (4, 6) to the circle
x2 + y2 = 25 and their chord of contact.
(18) Find the equation of chord of contact of the circle x2 + y2 – 4x + 3y – 1 = 0 with respect to the
point (1, –2)
405  3
Ans. (16) (1, – 2) (17) sq. unit; 4x + 6y – 25 = 0 (18) 2x + y + 12 = 0
52
11. Equation of the chord with a given middle point :
The equation of the chord of the circle S  x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 in terms of its mid point M (x1, y1) is
xx1 + yy1 + g (x + x1) + f (y + y1) + c = x12 + y12 + 2gx1 + 2fy1 + c which is designated by T = S1.

Notes :
(i) The shortest chord of a circle passing through a point ‘M’ inside the circle, is one chord whose
middle point is M.
(ii) The chord passing through a point ' M ' inside the circle and which is at a maximum distance
from the centre is a chord with middle point M.

Example # 17: Find the equation of the shortest chord of the circle x2 + y2 + 6x + 8y – 11 = 0, which passes
through point (1, –1)
Solution: Equation of given circle is S  x2 + y2 + 6x + 8y – 11 = 0
Let L  (1, –1)
For point L(1, –1), S1 = 12 + (–1)2 + 6.1 + 8(–1) – 11 = –11 and
T  x.1 + y (–1) + 3(x + 1) + 4(y – 1) – 11 i.e. T  4x + 3y – 12
Now equation of the chord of circle (i) whose middle point is L(1, –1) is
T = S1 or 4x + 3y – 12 = –11 or 4x + 3y – 1 = 0
Second Method: Let C be the centre of the given circle, then C  (–3, –4). L  (1, –1) slope of
4  1 3
CL = =
3  1 4
4
Equation of chord of circle whose middle point is L, is y + 1 = – (x–1)
3
(chord is perpendicular to CL) or 4x + 3y – 1 = 0
Circle

Self practice problems :

(19) Find the equation of that chord of the circle x 2 + y2 = 15, which is bisected at (3, 2)

(20) Find the co-ordinates of the middle point of the chord which the circle x2 + y2 + 4x – 2y – 3 = 0
cuts off on the line y = x + 2.
 3 1
Ans. (19) 3x + 2y – 13 = 0 (20)  2, 2 
 

12. Equation of the chord joining two points of circle :

The equation of chord PQ to the circle x2 + y2 = a2 joining two points P() and Q() on it is given by the
  
equation of a straight line joining two point  &  on the circle x2 + y2 = a2 is x cos + y sin =
2 2
 
a cos .
2
13. Common tangents to two circles :
Case Number of Tangents Condition

(i) 4 common tangents

(2 direct and 2 transverse) r1 + r2 < C1 C2.

(ii) 3 common tangents. r1 + r2 = C1 C2.

(iii) 2 common tangents. r1  r2 < C1 C2 < r1 + r2

(iv) 1 common tangent. r1  r2 = C1 C2.

(v) No common tangent. C1 C2 < r1  r2.

(Here C1C2 is distance between centres of two circles.)

Notes :
(i) The direct common tangents meet at a point which divides the line joining centre of circles
externally in the ratio of their radii.
A
B
r1 r2
P
C1 C2

C1P r1
=
PC2 r2
Circle

(ii) Transverse common tangents meet at a point which divides the line joining centre of circles
internally in the ratio of their radii.
A

r1
C2
C1 r2
P
B

C1P r1
=
PC2 r2
(iii) Length of an internal (or transverse) common tangent to the two circles are given by

Lext (AB) = d2  (r1  r2 )2

A

r1
C2
C1 r2
P
B

(iv) Length of an external (or direct) common tangent Lint (AB) = d2  (r1  r2 )2 ,where
d = distance between the centres of the two circles and r1, r2 are the radii of the two circles.
Note that length of internal common tangent is always less than the length of the external or
direct common tangent.
A
B
r1 r2
P
C1 C2

Example # 18 : Examine if the two circles x2 + y2 – 2x – 4y = 0 and x2 + y2 – 8y – 4 = 0 touch each other

externally or internally.
Solution : Given circles are x2 + y2 – 2x – 4y = 0 ...........(i)
and x2 + y2 – 8y – 4 = 0 ...........(ii)
Let A and B be the centres and r1 and r2 the radii of circles (i) and (ii) respectively, then

A  (1, 2), B  (0, 4), r1 = 5 , r2 = 2 5

Now AB = (1  0)2  (2  4)2 = 5 and r1 + r2 = 3 5 , |r1 – r2| = 5

Thus AB = |r1 – r2|, hence the two circles touch each other internally.

Self practice problem :

(21) Find the position of the circles x2 + y2 – 2x – 6y + 9 = 0 and x2 + y2 + 6x – 2y + 1 = 0 with

respect to each other.

Ans. (21) One circle lies completely outside the other circle.
Circle

14. Orthogonality of two circles :

Two circles S1= 0 & S2= 0 are said to be orthogonal or said to intersect orthogonally if the tangents at
their point of intersection include a right angle. The condition for two circles to be orthogonal is:
2 g1 g2 + 2 f1 f 2 = c1 + c2.
Proof :

(C1C2)2 = (C1P)2 + (C2P)2

 (g1 – g2)2 + (f1 – f2)2 = g12 + f12 – c1 + g22 + f 22 – c2  2g1g2 + 2f 1f2 = c1 + c2

Example # 19 : Obtain the equation of the circle orthogonal to both the circles x2 + y2 + 3x – 5y+ 6 = 0 and
4x2 + 4y2 – 28x +29 = 0 and whose centre lies on the line 3x + 4y + 1 = 0.
Solution : Given circles are x2 + y2 + 3x – 5y + 6 = 0 ...........(i)
and 4x + 4y – 28x + 29 = 0
2 2

29
or x2 + y2 – 7x + = 0. ..........(ii)
4
Let the required circle be x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 ..........(iii)
Since circle (iii) cuts circles (i) and (ii) orthogonally
3  5
 2g   + 2f    = c + 6 or 3g – 5f = c + 6 ...........(iv)
2
   2
 7 29 29
and 2g    + 2f.0 = c + or – 7g = c + ...........(v)
 2 4 4
5
From (iv) & (v), we get 10g – 5f = –
4
or 40g – 20f = – 5. ..........(vi)
Given line is 3x + 4y = – 1 ..........(vii)
Since centre (– g, – f) of circle (iii) lies on line (vii),
 – 3g – 4f = – 1 .........(viii)
1
Solving (vi) & (viii), we get g = 0, f =
4
29
 from (5), c = –  from (iii), required circle is
4
1 29
x 2 + y2 + y– = 0 or 4(x2 + y2) + 2y – 29 = 0
2 4
Self practice problems :

(22) For what value of k the circles x2 + y2 + 5x + 3y + 7 = 0 and x 2 + y2 – 8x + 6y + k = 0 cut

orthogonally.

(23) Find the equation to the circle which passes through the origin and has its centre on the line
x + y + 4 = 0 and cuts the circle x2 + y2 – 4x + 2y + 4 = 0 orthogonally.
Ans. (22) – 18 (23) 3x2 + 3y2 + 4x + 20y = 0
Circle

15. Radical axis and radical centre :

The radical axis of two circles is the locus of points whose powers w.r.t. the two circles are equal. The
equation of radical axis of the two circles S1 = 0 & S2 = 0 is given by
S1  S2 = 0 i.e. 2 (g1  g2) x + 2 (f 1  f 2) y + (c1  c2) = 0.

The common point of intersection of the radical axes of three circles taken two at a time is called the
radical centre of three circles. Note that the length of tangents from radical centre to the three circles
are equal.
Notes : (i) The centre of a variable circle orthogonal to two fixed circles lies on the radical axis of two
circles.

(ii) The centre of a circle which is orthogonal to three given circles is the radical centre provided
the radical centre lies outside all the three circles.

(iii) If two circles intersect, then the radical axis is the common chord of the two circles.

(iv) If two circles touch each other, then the radical axis is the common tangent of the two circles at
the common point of contact.

(v) Radical axis is always perpendicular to the line joining the centres of the two circles.

(vi) Radical axis will pass through the mid point of the line joining the centres of the two circles only
if the two circles have equal radii.

(vii) Radical axis bisects a common tangent between the two circles.

(viii) Pairs of circles which do not have radical axis are concentric.

Example # 20: Find the co-ordinates of the point from which the lengths of the tangents to the following three
circles be equal.
x 2 + y2 = 1
x2 + y2 – 8x + 15 = 0
x2 + y2 + 10y + 24 =0
Solution : Here we have to find the radical centre of the three circles. First reduce them to
standard form in which coefficients of x2 and y2 be each unity. Subtracting in pairs the three
radical axes are
x–2=0
8x + 10y + 9 = 0
 5
we get the point  2,–  which satisfies the third also. This point is called the radical centre
 2
and by definition the length of the tangents from it to the three circles are equal.
Circle

Example # 21 : Tangents are drawn to the circle x2 + y2 = 12 at the points where it is met by the circle
x2 + y2 – 5x + 3y – 2 = 0; find the point of intersection of these tangents.
Solution : Given circles are S1  x2 + y2 – 12 = 0 ....... (i)
and S2 = x2 + y2 – 5x + 3y – 2 = 0 ....... (ii)
Now equation of common chord of circle (i) and (ii) is
S1 – S2 = 0 i.e. 5x – 3y – 10 = 0 ....... (iii)
Let this line meet circle (i) [or (ii)] at A and B
Let the tangents to circle (i) at A and B meet at P(), then AB will be the chord of contact of
the tangents to the circle (i) from P, therefore equation of AB will be

x + y – 12 = 0 ....... (iv)
Now lines (iii) and (iv) are same, therefore, equations (iii) and (iv) are identical
  12 18
 = =   = 6,  = –
5 3 10 5
 18 
Hence P =  6, 
 5 
Self practice problem :
(24) Find the point from which the tangents to the three circles x2 + y2 – 4x + 7 = 0,
2x2 + 2y2 – 3x + 5y + 9 = 0 and x2 + y2 + y = 0 are equal in length. Find also this length.
Ans. (24) (2, – 1) ; 2.

16. Family of Circles :

A
(i) S1 = 0 S2 = 0

Any circle through A and B can be considered as S1 + K S2 = 0

(K  1, provided the coefficient of x2 & y2 in S1 & S2 are same)

L=0

A
(ii) S=0

B
Any circle through A and B can be considered as S + K L = 0
(iii) The equation of a family of circles passing through two given points (x1, y1) & (x2, y2) can be
written in the form:
x y 1
(x  x1) (x  x2) + (y  y1) (y  y2) + K = 0, where K x1 y1 1 is a parameter.
x2 y2 1
Circle

(iv) The equation of a family of circles touching a fixed line y  y1 = m (x  x1) at the fixed point
(x1, y1) is (x  x1)2 + (y  y1)2 + K (y  y1  m (x  x1)) = 0, where K is a parameter.

(v) Family of circles circumscribing a triangle whose sides are given by L1 = 0, L2 = 0 and L3 = 0 is
given by; L1L2 +  L2L3 +  L3L1 = 0 provided coefficient of xy = 0 and coefficient of
x2 = coefficient of y2.
(vi) Equation of circle circumscribing a quadrilateral whose side in order are represented by the
lines L1 = 0, L2 = 0, L3 = 0 & L4 = 0 are u L1L3 + L2L4 = 0 where values of u &  can be found
out by using condition that coefficient of x2 = coefficient of y2 and coefficient of xy = 0.

Example # 22 : Find the equations of the circles passing through the points of intersection of the circles
x2 + y2 –2x – 4y – 4 = 0 and x2 + y2 – 10x – 12y + 40 = 0 and whose centre’s absica is 3
Solution : Any circle through the intersection of given circles is S1 + S2 = 0
or (x2 + y2 – 2x – 4y – 4) + (x2 + y2 – 10x – 12y + 40 ) = 0
(1  5 ) (2  6) 40  4
or (x2 + y2) – 2 x–2 y+ =0 ...........(i)
1  1  1 
1  5
= 3  1 + 5 = 3 + 3 2 = 2 ;  = 1
1 
so the circle is x2 + y2 – 6x – 8y + 18 = 0

Example # 23: Find the equations of circles which touches 2x – y + 3 = 0 and pass through the points of
intersection of the line x + 2y – 1 = 0 and the circle x2 + y2 – 2x + 1 = 0.
Solution : The required circle by S + P = 0 is
x2 + y2 – 2x + 1 +  (x + 2y – 1) = 0 or x2 + y2 – x (2 – ) + 2y + (1 – ) = 0
2 
centre (– g, – f) is  ,  
 2 

(2   )2 1 5
r= g2  f 2  c =   2  (1   ) = 5 2 = ||.
4 2 2
Since the circle touches the line 2x – y + 3 = 0 therefore perpendicular from centre is equal to
2.((2  ) / 2)  (  )  3 ||
radius = 5 . = ± 2
5 2
Putting the values of  in (i) the required circles are
x2 + y2 + 4y – 1 = 0
x2 + y2 – 4x – 4y + 3 = 0.

Example # 24 : Find the equation of circle passing through the points A(1, 1) & B(2, 2) and whose centre’s
absieas is 5.
Solution : Equation of AB is x – y = 0
 equation of circle is
(x – 1) (x – 2) + (y – 1) (y – 2) + (x – y) = 0
or x2 + y2 + ( – 3)x – ( + 3)y + 4 = 0
–( – 3)
= 5  –  + 3 = 10   = – 7
2
so the equation of circle is x2 + y2 – 10x + 4y + 4 = 0
Circle

Example # 25 : Find the equation of the circle passing through the point (1, –2) and touching the line x + y = 0
at the point (0, 0).
Solution : Equation of circle is x2 + y2 + (x + y) = 0
Since it passes through the point (1, –2), 1 + 4 +  (1 – 2) = 0   = 5
circle is x2 + y2 + 5x + 5y = 0

Example # 26 : Find the equation of circle circumcscribing the triangle whose sides are
3x – y – 9 = 0, 5x – 3y – 23 = 0 & x + y – 3 = 0.

Solution :

L1L2 + L2L3 + µL1L3 = 0

(3x – y – 9) (5x – 3y – 23) + (5x – 3y – 23) (x + y – 3) + µ (3x – y – 9) (x + y – 3) = 0
(15x2 + 3y2 – 14xy – 114x + 50y + 207) + (5x2 – 3y2 + 2xy – 38x – 14y + 69)
+ µ (3x2 – y2 + 2xy – 18x – 6y + 27) = 0
(5 + 3µ + 15)x2 + (3–3–µ)y2 +xy(2+2µ –14)– x(114 + 38 + 18µ) +y(50–14 – 6µ)
+ (207 + 69 + 27µ) = 0 ...........(i)
coefficient of x = coefficient of y
2 2

 5 + 3µ + 15 = 3 – 3 – µ
2 + µ + 3 = 0 ...........(ii)
coefficient of xy = 0
 + µ – 7 = 0 ..........(iii)
Solving (ii) and (iii), we have
 = – 10, µ = 17
Putting these values of  & µ in equation (i), we get 2x2 + 2y2 – 5x + 11y – 3 = 0
Self practice problems :

(25) Find the equation of the circle passing through the points of intersection of the circles
x2 + y2 – 6x + 2y + 4 = 0 and x2 + y2 + 2x – 4y – 6 = 0 and with its centre on the line y = x.
(26) Find the equation of circle circumscribing the quadrilateral whose sides are
5x + 3y = 9x = 3y, 2x = y and x + 4y + 2 = 0.
Ans. (25) 7x2 + 7y2 – 10x – 10y – 12 = 0 (26) 9x2 + 9y2 – 20x + 15y = 0
Circle

 Marked questions may have for revision questions.

* Marked Questions may have more than one correct option.
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Section (A) : Equation of circle, Intercepts on axes
A-1. The length of the diameter of the circle x2 + y2 – 4x – 6y + 4 = 0 is -
(1) 9 (2) 3 (3) 4 (4) 6

A-2. Which of the following is the equation of a circle ?

(1) x2 + 2y2 – x + 6 = 0 (2) x2 – y2 + x + y + 1 = 0
2 2
(3) x + y + xy + 1 = 0 (4) 3(x2 + y2) + 5x + 1 = 0

A-3. The radius of the circle passing through the points (0, 0), (1, 0) and (0, 1) is-
(1) 2 (2) 1/ 2 (3) 2 (4) 1/2

A-4. If (x, 3) and (3, 5) are the extremities of a diameter of a circle with centre at (2, y). Then the value of
x and y are-
(1) x = 1, y = 4 (2) x = 4, y = 1 (3) x = 8, y = 2 (4) None of these

A-5. If the equation px2 + (2 – q) xy + 3y2 – 6qx + 30 y + 6q = 0 represents a circle, then the values of p and
q are-
(1) 2, 2 (2) 3, 1 (3) 3, 2 (4) 3, 4

A-6. The centres of the circles x2 + y2 – 6x – 8y – 7 = 0 and x2 + y2 – 4x – 10y – 3 = 0 are the ends of the
diameter of the circle
(1) x2 + y2 – 5x – 9y + 26 = 0
2 2
(2) x + y + 5x – 9y + 14 = 0
2 2
(4) x + y2 + 5x + y + 14 = 0
2
(3) x + y + 5x – y – 14 = 0

A-7. The circle x2 + y2 – 4x – 4y + 4 = 0

(1) touches x-axis only (2) touches both axes
(3) passes through the origin (4) touches y-axis only

A-8. The equation of the circle passing through the point (2,1) and touching y-axis at the origin is
2 2
(1) x + y – 5x = 0 (2) 2x2 + 2y2 – 5x = 0
2 2 2 2
(3) x + y + 5x = 0 (4) x – y – 5x = 0

A-9. A circle touches both the axes and its centre lies in the fourth quadrant. If its radius is 1 then its
equation will be -
2 2 2 2
(1) x + y – 2x + 2y + 1 = 0 (2) x + y + 2x – 2y – 1 = 0
2 2
(3) x + y – 2x – 2y + 1 = 0 (4) x + y2 + 2x – 2y + 1 = 0
2

A-10.The equation of a circle passing through (3, –6) and touching both the axes is
2 2 2 2
(1) x + y – 6x + 6y + 9 = 0 (2) x + y + 6x – 6y + 9 = 0
2 2
(3) x + y + 30x – 30y + 225 = 0 (4) x + y2 + 30x + 30y + 225 = 0
2

A-11. The equation of the circle with centre on x-axis , radius 5 and passing through the point (2,3) is
(1) x2 + y2 + 4 x – 21 = 0, x2 + y2 – 12x + 11 = 0 (2) x2 + y2 + 4 x + 21 = 0, x2 + y2 – 12x + 11 = 0
(3) x2 + y2 – 4 x – 21 = 0 , x2 + y2 + 12x + 11 = 0 (4) x2 + y2 + 5 x – 21 = 0, x2 + y2 – 12x – 11 = 0

A-12. Equation of line passing through mid point of intercepts made by circle x2 + y2 – 4x – 6y = 0 on
co-ordinate axes is
(1) 3x + 2y – 12 = 0 (2) 3x + y – 6 = 0 (3) 3x + 4y – 12 = 0 (4) 3x + 2y – 6 = 0
Circle

A-13. The intercepts made by the circle x2 + y2 – 5x – 13y – 14 = 0 on the x-axis and y-axis are respectively
(1) 9, 13 (2) 5, 13 (3) 9, 15 (4) none

A-14.
The circle described on the line joining the points (0, 1), (a, b) as diameter cuts the xaxis in points
whose abscissa are roots of the equation:
(1) x² + ax + b = 0 (2) x²  ax + b = 0 (3) x² + ax  b = 0 (4) x²  ax  b = 0
2 2
A-15. The parametric equations of the circle 4x + 4y = 25 is
5 3 5 5
(1) x = cos  , y = sin  (2) x = cos  , y = sin 
2 2 2 2
7 7 1 1
(2) x = cos  , y = sin  (4) x = cos  , y = sin 
2 2 2 2

Section (B) : Power and position of a point and line, Tangents and normal
2 2
B-1. The point (, 1 + ) lies inside the circle x + y = 1, then 
(1) (–1, 0) (2) (–2, 0) (3) (–3, 2) (4) (0, 2)
2 2
B-2. The line 3x + 5y + 9 = 0 w.r.t. the circle x + y – 4x + 6y + 5 = 0 is
(1) chord (2) diameter (3) tangent (4) None
B-3. Circle x2 + y2 – 4x – 8y – 5 = 0 will intersect the line 3x – 4y = m in two distinct points, if-
(1) – 10 < m < 5 (2) 9 < m < 20 (3) – 35 < m < 15 (4) None of these
B-4. Find the co-ordinates of point on line x + y = – 13, nearest to the circle x2 + y2 + 4x + 6y – 5 = 0
(1) (– 6, – 7) (2) (– 15, 2) (3) (– 5, – 6) (4) (– 7, – 6)
B-5. The coordinate of the point on the circle x² + y²  12x  4y + 30 = 0, which is farthest from the origin
are:
(1) (9, 3) (2) (8, 5) (3) (12, 4) (4) None
B-6. Radius of the circle with centre (3, –1) and cutting a chord of length 6 on the line 2x – 5y + 18 = 0 is
(1) 29 (2) 38 (3) 37 (4) 41
B-7. Line 3x + 4y = 25 touches the circle x2 + y2 = 25 at the point -
(1) (4, 3) (2) (3, 4) (3) (– 3, – 4) (4) None of these
B-8. The length of chord x + y – 1 = 0 w.r.t. circle x2 + y2 – 6x – 8y = 0 is
(1) 7 (2) 2 7 (3) 49 (4)
2 2
B-9. Find equation of tangent to the circle x + y – 30x + 6y + 109 = 0 at (4,–1)
(1) 11x + 2y – 46 = 0 (2) 11x – 2y – 46 = 0 (3) 11x + 2y + 46 = 0 (4) 11x – 3y – 46 = 0
B-10. The equation of a circle which touches both axes and the line 3x – 4y + 8 = 0 and whose centre lies in
the third quadrant is
2 2
(1) x + y – 4x + 4y – 4 = 0 (2) x2 + y2 – 4x + 4y + 4 = 0
2 2
(3) x + y + 4x + 4y + 4 = 0 (4) x2 + y2 – 4x – 4y – 4 = 0
B-11. The condition so that the line (x + g) cos + (y + f) sin  = k is a tangent to x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is
(1) g2 + f 2 = c + k2 (2) g2 + f = c + k
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
(3) g + f = c + k (4) g + f = c + k
B-12. The tangent lines to the circle x² + y²  6x + 4y = 12 which are parallel to the line 4x + 3y + 5 = 0 are
given by:
(1) 4x + 3y  7 = 0, 4x + 3y + 15 = 0 (2) 4x + 3y  31 = 0, 4x + 3y + 19 = 0
(3) 4x + 3y  17 = 0, 4x + 3y + 13 = 0 (4) none of these
2 2
B-13.The tangent to the circle x + y = 5 at the point (1, –2) also touches the circle
x2 + y2 – 8x + 6y + 20 = 0 at
(1) (–2, 1) (2) (–3, 0) (3) (–1, –1) (4) (3, –1)
Circle

B-14. The equation of the normal to the circle x2 + y2 = 2x, which is parallel to the line x + 2y = 3 is
(1) x + 3y = 7 (2) x + 2y = 1 (3) x + 2y = 2 (4) x + 2y = 5
2 2
B- 15. The equation of normal to the circle x + y – 4x + 4y – 17 = 0 which passes through (1, 1) is
(1) 3x + y – 4 = 0 (2) x – y = 0 (3) x + y = 0 (4) None
B-16.The normal at the point (3, 4) on a circle cuts the circle at the point (–1, –2). Then the equation of the
circle is
2 2
(1) x + y + 2x – 2y – 13 = 0 (2) x2 + y2 – 2x – 2y – 11 = 0
(3) x2 + y2 – 2x + 2y + 12 = 0 (4) x2 + y2 – 2x – 2y + 14 = 0

Section (C) : Pair of tangents (Joint equation and length of tangent) Director circle,
chord of contact, chord with given middle point, and chord joining two point
C-1. The number of tangents that can be drawn from the point (8, 6) to the circle x 2 + y2 – 100 = 0 is
(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) 2 (4) None
C-2. A line segment through a point P cuts a given circle in 2 points A & B, such that PA = 16 & PB = 9, then
the length of tangent from point P to the circle is
(1) 7 (2) 25 (3) 12 (4) None of these
2 2 2
C-3. The equation of the tangents drawn from the origin to the circle x + y – 2rx – 2hy + h = 0 are
(1) x = 0, y = 0 (2) (h2 – r2) x–2rhy = 0, x = 0
(3) y = 0, x = 4 (4) (h2 – r2) x + 2rhy = 0, x = 0
C-4. The length of the tangent drawn from the point (4, –1) to the circle 2x2 + 2y2 = 1 is
17 33
(1) (2) 33 (3) (4) 2
2 2

C-5. If the length of tangent drawn from the point (5, 3) to the circle x2 + y2 + 2x + ky + 17 = 0 is 7, then k =
(1) – 6 (2) – 4 (3) 4 (4) 13/ 2

C-6.The length of the tangent drawn from any point on the circle x² + y² + 2gx + 2fy + p = 0 to the circle
x² + y² + 2gx + 2fy + q = 0 is :
(1) q  p (2) p  q (3) q  p (4) none

C-7. Two perpendicular tangents to the circle x2 + y2 = a2 meet at P. Then the locus of P has the equation-
(1) x2 + y2 = 2a2 (2) x2 + y2 = 3a2 (3) x2 + y2 = 4a2 (4) None of these

C-8. The angle between the two tangents from the origin to the circle (x  7)² + (y + 1)² = 25 equals
  
(1) (2) (3) (4) None
4 3 2
2 2
C-9. The equation of the diameter of the circle (x – 2) + (y + 1) = 16 which bisects the chord cut off by the
circle on the line x – 2y – 3 = 0 is
(1) x + 2y = 0 (2) 2x + y – 3 = 0 (3) 3x + 2y – 4 = 0 (4) none
C-10. The co-ordinates of the middle point of the chord cut off on 2x – 5y + 18 = 0 by the circle
x2 + y2 – 6x + 2y – 54 = 0 are
(1) (1, 4) (2) (2, 4) (3) (4, 1) (4) (1, 1)
C-11. The distance between the chords of contact of tangents to the circle;
x² + y² + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 from the origin & the point (g, f) is :
g2  f 2  c g2  f 2  c g2  f 2  c
(1) g2  f 2 (2) (3) (4)
2 2 g2  f 2 2 g2  f 2
Circle

C-12. The locus of the mid point of a chord of the circle x² + y² = 4 which subtends a right angle at the origin
is:
(1) x + y = 2 (2) x² + y² = 1 (3) x² + y² = 2 (4) x + y = 1

C-13. The locus of the centers of the circles such that the point (2, 3) is the mid point of the chord
5x + 2y = 16 is:
(1) 2x  5y + 11 = 0 (2) 2x + 5y  11 = 0 (3) 2x + 5y + 11 = 0 (4) none

Section (D) : Common tangents, common chord and orthogonality

2 2 2 2
D-1. Consider the circles x + (y – 1) = 9, (x – 1) + y = 25. They are such that-
(1) each of these circles lies outside the other (2) one of these circles lies entirely inside the other
(3) these circles touch each other (4) they intersect in two points
D-2. Number of common tangents of the circles (x + 2)²+(y2)² = 49 and (x  2)² + (y + 1)² = 4 is:
(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) 2 (4) 3
2 2
D-3. The equation of the common tangent to the circle x + y – 4x – 6y – 12 = 0 and
x2 + y2 + 6x + 18y + 26 = 0 at their point of contact is
(1) 12x + 5y + 19 = 0 (2) 5x + 12y + 19 = 0
(3) 5x – 12y + 19 = 0 (4) 12x –5y + 19 = 0
2 2
D-4. Find the equations to the common tangents of the circles x + y – 2x – 6y + 9 = 0 and
x2 + y2 + 6x – 2y + 1 = 0
(1) x = 0, 3x + 4y = 10, y = 4, 3y = 4x. (2) x = 0, 3x – 4y = 10, y = 4, 3y = 4x.
(3) x = 0, 3x + 4y = 10, y = 4, 3y + 4x = 0 (4) x = 0, 3x – 4y = 10, y = 4, 3y – 4x = 0
D-5. The angle of intersection of two circles is 0º if -
(1) they are separate (2) they intersect at two points
(3) they intersect only at a single point (4) it is not possible
D-6. The area of the triangle formed by the tangents from the point (4, 3) to the circle x² + y² = 9 and the line
joining their point of contact is:
192
(1) (2) 192 (3) 25 (4) 250
25

D-7 Find the length of direct common tangent of circle (x – 1)2 + (y – 2)2 = 4 and (x – 5)2 + (y –2)2 = 1
(1) 14 (2) 15 (3) 5 (4) 7
D-8. If the length of a common internal tangent to two circles is 7, and that of a common external tangent is
11, then the product of the radii of the two circles is:
(1) 18 (2) 20 (3) 16 (4) 12

D-9. If the two circles, x2 + y2 + 2 g1x + 2 f1y = 0 & x2 + y2 + 2 g2x + 2 f 2y = 0 touch each other then:
f1 f
(1) f 1 g1 = f 2 g2 (2) = 2 (3) f 1 f 2 = g1 g2 (4) none
g1 g2

D-10. If the circle C1: x² + y² = 16 intersects another circle C2 of radius 5 in such a manner that the common
chord is of maximum length and has a slope equal to 3/4, then the coordinates of the centre of C2 are:
 9 12   9 12   12 9  12 9
(1)   ,  (2)   ,  (3)   ,   (4)   ,  
 5 5   5 5   5 5  5 5

D-11. The locus of the centre of the circle which bisects the circumferences of the circles
x² + y² = 4 & x² + y²  2x + 6y + 1 = 0 is:
(1) a straight line (2) a circle (3) a parabola (4) none of these
Circle

D-12.Two circles whose radii are equal to 4 and 8 intersect at right angles. The length of their common chord
is:
16 8 5
(1) (2) 8 (3) 4 6 (4)
5 5

D-13. The circumference of the circle x2 + y2  2x + 8y  q = 0 is bisected by the circle

2 2
x + y + 4x + 12y + p = 0, then p + q is equal to:
(1) 25 (2) 100 (3) 10 (4) 48

D-14 If the circles x2 + y2 + 2x + 2ky + 6 = 0 and x2 + y2 + 2ky + k = 0 intersect orthogonally, then k is

3 3 3 3
(1) 2 or – (2) – 2 or – (3) 2 or (4) – 2 or
2 2 2 2

D-15.Equation of the circle cutting orthogonally the three circles x2 + y2 – 2x + 3y – 7 = 0,

x2 + y2 + 5x – 5y + 9 = 0 and x2 + y2 + 7x – 9y + 29 = 0 is
(1) x2 + y2 – 16x – 18y – 4 = 0
2 2
(2) x + y – 7x + 11y + 6 = 0
(3) x2 + y2 + 2x – 8y + 9 = 0 (4) None of these

D-16. The equation of the circle which passes through the origin has its centre on the line x + y = 4 and cuts
the circle x2 + y2 – 4x + 2y + 4 = 0 orthogonally, is-
(1) x2 + y2 – 2x – 6y = 0 (2) x2 + y2 – 6x – 3y = 0
2 2
(3) x + y – 4x – 4y = 0 (4) None of these

Section (E) : Radical axis and family of circle

E-1. The locus of the centre of the circle which bisects the circumferences of the circles
x² + y² = 4 & x² + y²  2x + 6y + 1 = 0 is:
(1) a straight line (2) a circle (3) a parabola (4) none of these

E-2. The circle x² + y² = 4 cuts the circle x² + y² + 2x + 3y  5 = 0 in A & B. Then the equation of the circle on
AB as a diameter is:
(1) 13(x² + y²)  4x  6y  50 = 0 (2) 9(x² + y²) + 8x  4y + 25 = 0
(3) x² + y²  5x + 2y + 72 = 0 (4) None of these

E-3. The equation of a circle passing through points of intersection of the circles x2 + y2 + 13x – 3y = 0 and
2 2
2x + 2y + 4x – 7y – 25 = 0 and point (1,1) is
(1) 4x2 + 4y2 – 30x – 10y – 25 = 0 (2) 4x2 + 4y2 + 30x – 10y – 25 = 0
(3) 4x2 + 4y2 – 17x – 10y + 25 = 0 (4) 4x2 + 4y2 – 30x + 10y – 25 = 0

E-4. Find equation of circle passing through the point (4,4) and touching the line x + y –2 = 0 at (1,1)
(1) x2 + y2 – 5x + 5y + 8 = 0 (2) x2 + y2 – 5x – 5y + 8 = 0
2 2
(3) x + y + 5x – 5y + 8 = 0 (4) x2 + y2 – 5x – 5y – 8 = 0

E-5. Find equation of circle passing through the points (1,1) and (3,3) and whose centre lies an x-axis
(1) x2 + y2 + 8x + 6 = 0 (2) x2 + y2 – 8x – 6 = 0
(3) x2 + y2 – 8x + 6 = 0 (4) x2 + y2 – 8x – 8 = 0
Circle

 Marked questions may have for revision questions.

* Marked Questions may have more than one correct option.

PART - I : OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. The equation of circle which touches x & y axis and whose perpendicular distance of centre of circle
st
from 3x + 4y + 11 = 0 is 5 is (Given that circle lies in I quadrant)
(1) x2 + y2 + 4x + 4y + 4 = 0 (2) x2 + y2 – 4x – 4y + 4 = 0
2 2
(3) x + y – 4x – 4y + 8 = 0 (4) x2 + y2 – 4x – 4y – 4 = 0

2. The equation to the circle which touches the axis of x at a distance 3 from the origin and intercepts a
distance 6 on the axis of y is
2 2
(1) x + y ± 6 2y ± 6x + 3 = 0 (2) x2 + y2 ± 6y ± 6x + 9 = 0
2 2
(3) x + y ± 6 2y ± 6x + 9 = 0 (4) x2 + y2 ± 6 3y ± 6x + 9 = 0

3. If y = 2x is a chord of the circle x2 + y2 – 10x = 0, then the equation of a circle with this chord as
diameter is -
(1) x2 + y2 – 2x – 4y = 0.
2 2
(2) x + y – 2x + 4y = 0.
2 2
(3) x + y – 2x – 8y = 0. (4) x + y2 + 2x + 4y = 0.
2

4. Two thin rods AB & CD of lengths 2a & 2b move along OX & OY respectively, when ‘O’ is the origin.
The equation of the locus of the centre of the circle passing through the extremities of the two rods is:
(1) x² + y² = a² + b² (2) x²  y² = a²  b² (3) x² + y² = a²  b² (4) x²  y² = a² + b²

x y
5. The equation of the circle which touches both the axes and the line + = 1 and lies in the first
3 4
quadrant is (x – c)2 + (y – c)2 = c2 where c is
(1) 1,6 (2) 2, 4 (3) 4, 6 (4) 6, 8

6. Equations of circles which pass through the points (1, –2) and (3, – 4) and touch the x-axis is
(1) x2 + y2 + 6x + 2y + 9 = 0 (2) x2 + y2 + 10x + 20y + 25 = 0
2 2
(3) x + y + 6x + 4y + 9 = 0 (4) none
 1  1  1  1
7. If  a ,  ,  b ,  ,  c ,  &  d ,  are four distinct points on a circle of radius 4 units then, abcd is
 a  b  c  d
equal to:
(1) 4 (2) 16 (3) 1 (4) None

8. The value of 'c' for which the set,

2 2
{(x, y)x + y + 2x  1}  {(x, y)x  y + c  0} contains only one point is :
(1) (, 1]  [3, ) (2) {1, 3} (3) {3} (4) { 1 }

9. If from any point P on the circle x² + y² + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0, tangents are drawn to the circle
 
x² + y² + 2gx + 2fy + c sin² + (g² + f²) cos² = 0 (where   0,  ), then the angle between the
 2
tangents is:

(1)  (2) 2  (3) (4) none
2
10. If ,  are the angles between the two tangents drawn from (0, 0) and (8, 6) respectively to the circle
x2 + y2 – 14x + 2y + 25 = 0, then  –  =
  
(1) (2) (3) 0º (4)
2 3 4
Circle

11. The set of values of p for which the power of a point (2, 5) is negative with respect to a circle
x2 + y2  8x  12y + p = 0 which neither touches the axes nor cuts them are
(1) (36, 57) (2) (36, 47) (3) (37, 47) (4) (16, 47)

12. Two lines through (2, 3) from which the circle x2 + y2 = 25 intercepts chords of length 8 units have
equations
(1) 2x + 3y = 13, x + 5y = 17 (2) y = 3, 12x + 5y = 39
(3) x = 2, 9x – 11y = 51 (4) none of these

13. The chords of contact of the pair of tangents drawn from each point on the line 2x + y = 4 to the circle
2 2
x + y = 1 pass through the point
 1 1
(1) (1, 2) (2)  ,  (3) (2, 4) (4) none
2 4

14. The locus of the mid points of the chords of the circle x² + y² + 4x  6y  12 = 0 which subtend an angle

of radians at its circumference is:
3
(1) (x  2)² + (y + 3)² = 6.25 (2) (x + 2)² + (y  3)² = 6.25
(3) (x + 2)² + (y  3)² = 18.75 (4) (x + 2)² + (y + 3)² = 18.75

15. If tangent at (1, 2) to the circle c1: x2 + y2 = 5 intersects the circle c2: x2 + y2 = 9 at A & B and tangents at
A & B to the second circle meet at point C, then the coordinates of C are:
 9 18   9 18 
(1) (4, 5) (2)  ,  (3) (4,  5) (4)  , 
 15 5  5 5 
16. A point A(2, 1) is outside the circle x² + y² + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 & AP, AQ are tangents to the circle. The
equation of the circle circumscribing the triangle APQ is:
(1) (x + g) (x  2) + (y + f) (y  1) = 0 (2) (x + g) (x  2)  (y + f) (y  1) = 0
(3) (x  g) (x + 2) + (y  f) (y + 1) = 0 (4) None

17. The length of the tangents from any point on the circle 15x2 + 15y2 – 48x + 64y = 0 to the two circles
5x2 + 5y2 – 24x + 32y + 75 = 0 and 5x2 + 5y2 – 48x + 64y + 300 = 0 are in the ratio
(1) 1 : 2 (2) 2 : 3 (3) 3 : 4 (4) None of these

18. From the point A (0, 3) on the circle x² + 4x + (y  3)² = 0 a chord AB is drawn & extended to a point M
such that AM = 2 AB. The equation of the locus of M is :
(1) x² + 8x + y² = 0 (2) x² + 8x + (y  3)² = 0
(3) (x  3)² + 8x + y² = 0 (4) x² + 8x + 8y² = 0
2 2
19. Tangents are drawn to the circle x + y = 12 at the points where it is met by the circle
x2 + y2 – 5x + 3y – 2 = 0.The point of intersection of these tangents is
 18 
(1)  6,  (2) (1, 2) (3) (1, – 2) (4) (6, 3)
 5 

20. If the length of a common internal tangent to two circles is 7, and that of a common external tangent is
11, then the product of the radii of the two circles is:
(1) 36 (2) 9 (3) 18 (4) 4

21. The equation(s) to the common tangents of the circles x2 + y2 – 2x – 6y + 9 = 0 and

2 2
x + y + 6x – 2y + 1 = 0 is
(1) x = 0, y = 4 (2) 3x + 4y = 10 (3) 3y = 4x (4) all of these

22. The circle x2 + y2  2 x  3 k y  2 = 0 passes through two fixed points whose coordinates are

(1) 1  3, 0  
(2) 1  3, 0  
(3)  3  2, 0  (4) none of these
Circle

PART - II : MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS

Section (A) : ASSERTION/REASONING
DIRECTIONS :
Each question has 4 choices (1), (2), (3) and (4) out of which ONLY ONE is correct.
(1) Both the statements are true.
(2) Statement- is true, but Statement- is false.
(3) Statement- is false, but Statement- is true.
(4) Both the statements are false.

A-1. Statement-1 : Number of circles through the three points A(3, 5), B(4, 6), C(5, 7) is 1
Statement-2 : Through three non collinear points in a plane, one and only one circle can be drawn.

A-2. Statement-1 : If three circles which are such that their centres are non-collinear, then exactly one circle
exists which cuts the three circles orthogonally.
Statement-2 : Radical axis for two intersecting circles is the common chord.

Section (B) : MATCH THE COLUMN

B-1. Column - I Column - II

(A) Number of common tangents of the circles (p) 0
x2 + y2 – 2x = 0 and x2 + y2 + 6x – 6y + 2 = 0 is
(B) Number of indirect common tangents of the circles (q) 1
x2 + y2 – 4x – 10y + 4 = 0 & x2 + y2 – 6x – 12y – 55 = 0 is

(C) Number of common tangents of the circles (r) 2

x2 + y2 – 2x – 4y = 0 & x2 + y2 – 8y – 4 = 0 is

(D) Number of direct common tangents of the circles (s) 3

x2 + y2 + 2x – 8y + 13 = 0 & x2 + y2 – 6x – 2y + 6 = 0 is

B-2. Column-I Column-II

(A) The length of the common chord of two circles
of radii 3 and 4 units which intersect orthogonally is (p) 1
k
, then k equals to
5

(B) The circumference of the circle x2 +y2 + 4x + 12y + p = 0 is (q) 24

2 2
bisected by the circlc x + y –2x + 8y – q = 0, then
p + q is equal to

(C) Number of distinct chords of the circles (r) 32

2x(x– 2 ) + y (2y – 1) = 0 is passing through the point
 1
 2,  and are bisected by x-axis is
 2

(D) One of the diameters of the circles circumscribing the (s) 36

rectangle ABCD is 4y = x + 7. If A and B are the points
(–3,4) and (5,4) respectively, then the area of the
rectangle is equal to
Circle

Section (C) : ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTIONS CORRECT

C-1. Equations of circles which pass through the points (1, –2) and (3, –4) and touch the x-axis is :
(1) x2 + y2 + 6x + 2y + 9 = 0 (2) x2 + y2 + 10x + 20y + 25 = 0
2 2
(3) x + y – 6x + 4y + 9 = 0 (4) None
C-2. A rectangle ABCD is inscribed in the circle x2 + y2 + 3x + 12y + 2 = 0. If the co-ordinates of A and B are
(3, –2) and (–2, 0), then the other two vertices of the rectangle are :
(1) (–6, –10) (2) (–1, –12) (3) (1, 12) (4) (6, 10)
C-3. A chord AB of circle x2 + y2 = a2 touches the circle x2 + y2 – 2ax = 0. Locus of the point of intersections
of tangents at A and B is :
(1) x2 + y2 = (x – a)2 (2) x2 + y2 = (y – a)2 (3) x2 = a(a – 2y) (4) y2 = a(a – 2x)

C-4. If a circle passes through the points of intersection of the co-ordinate axes with the lines x – y + 1 = 0
and x – 2y + 3 = 0, then the value of  is :
(1) 2 (2) 1/3 (3) 6 (4) 3

 Marked questions may have for revision questions.

* Marked Questions may have more than one correct option.

PART - I : JEE (MAIN) / AIEEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

1. The greatest distance of the point P (10, 7) from the circle x 2 + y2 – 4x – 2y – 20 = 0 is-
[AIEEE 2002 (3–1), 225]
(1) 10 unit (2) 15 unit (3) 5 unit (4) None of these
2. The equation of the tangent to the circle x2 + y2 + 4x – 4y + 4 = 0 which make equal intercepts on the
positive coordinate axes, is- [AIEEE 2002 (3–1), 225]
(1) x + y = 2 (2) x + y = 2 2 (3) x + y = 4 (4) x + y = 8

3. If the chord y = mx + 1 of the circle x2 + y2 = 1 subtends an angle of measure 45º at the major segment
of the circle, then value of m is [AIEEE 2002 (3–1), 225]
(1) 2 ± 2 (2) – 2 ± 2 (3) – 1 ± 2 (4) none of these
2 2
4. The centres of a set of circles, each of radius 3, lie on the circle x + y = 25. The locus of any point in
the set is [AIEEE 2002 (3–1), 225]
2 2
(1) 4  x + y  64 (2) x2 + y2  25 (3) x2 + y2  25 (4) 3  x2 + y2  9
5. The centre of the circle passing through (0, 0) and (1, 0) and touching the circle x2 + y2 = 9 is
[AIEEE 2002 (3–1), 225]
 1 1 1   3 1 1 3
(1)  ,  (2)  , – 2  (3)  ,  (4)  , 
2 2 2  2 2 2 2

6. The equation of circle with origin as centre and passing through the vertices of an equilateral triangle
whose median is of length 3a is : [AIEEE 2002 (3–1), 225]
(1) x2 + y2 = a2 (2) x2 + y2 = 4a2 (3) x2 + y2 = 16a2 (4) x2 + y2 = 9a2
7. If the two circles (x – 1)2 + (y – 3)2 = r2 and x2 + y2 – 8x + 2y + 8 = 0 intersect in two distinct points, then-
[AIEEE 2003 (3–1), 225]
(1) 2 < r < 8 (2) r < 2 (3) r = 2 (4) r > 2
8. The lines 2x – 3y = 5 and 3x – 4y = 7 are diameters of a circle having area as 154 sq unit. Then, the
equation of the circle is- [AIEEE 2003 (3–1), 225]
2 2 2 2
(1) x + y + 2x – 2y = 62 (2) x + y + 2x – 2y = 47
(3) x2 + y2 – 2x + 2y = 47 (4) x2 + y2 – 2x + 2y = 62
Circle

9. If a circle passes through the point (a, b) and cuts the circle x2 + y2 = 4 orthogonally, then the locus of
its centre is - [AIEEE 2004 (3–1), 225]
(1) 2ax + 2by +(a2 + b2 + 4) = 0 (2) 2ax + 2by – (a2 + b2 + 4) = 0
2 2
(3) 2ax – 2by + (a + b + 4) = 0 (4) 2ax – 2by – (a2 + b2 + 4) = 0
10. A variable circle passes through the fixed point A(p, q) and touches x-axis. The locus of the other end
of the diameter through A is- [AIEEE 2004 (3–1), 225]
(1) (x – p)2 = 4qy (2) (x – q)2 = 4py (3) (y – p)2 = 4qx (4) (y – q)2 = 4px

11. If the lines 2x + 3y + 1 = 0 and 3x – y – 4 = 0 lie along diameters of a circle of circumference 10, then
the equation of the circle is- [AIEEE 2004 (3–1), 225]
(1) x2 + y2 – 2x + 2y – 23 = 0 (2) x2 + y2 – 2x – 2y – 23 = 0
(3) x2 + y2 + 2x + 2y – 23 = 0 (4) x2 + y2 – 2x – 2y – 23 = 0
12. The intercept on the line y = x by the circle x2 + y2 – 2x = 0 is AB. Equation of the circle on AB as a
diameter is- [AIEEE 2004 (3–1), 225]
(1) x2 + y2 – x – y = 0 (2) x2 + y2 – x + y = 0 (3) x2 + y2 + x + y = 0 (4) x2 + y2 + x – y = 0
13. If the circles x2 + y2 + 2ax + cy + a = 0 and x2 + y2 – 3ax + dy – 1 = 0 intersect in two distinct points P
and Q, then the line 5x + by – a = 0 passes through P and Q for - [AIEEE 2005 (3, –1), 120]
(1) exactly two values of a (2) infinitely many values of a
(3) no value of a (4) exactly one value of a
14. If a circle passes through the point (a, b) and cuts the circle x2 + y2 = p2 orthogonally, then the equation
of the locus of its centre is [AIEEE 2005 (3, –1), 120]
2 2 2 2 2
(1) x + y – 3ax – 4by + (a + b – p ) = 0 (2) 2ax + 2by – (a2 – b2 + p2) = 0
2 2 2 2 2
(3) x + y – 2ax – 3by + (a – b – p ) = 0 (4) 2ax + 2by – (a2 + b2 + p2) = 0
15. Let C be the circle with centre (0, 0) and radius 3 units. The equation of the locus of the mid points of
2
the chords of the circle C that subtend an angle of at its centre, is : [AIEEE 2006 (3, –1), 120]
3
27 9 3
(1) x2 + y2 = 1 (2) x2 + y2 = (3) x2 + y2 = (4) x2 + y2 =
4 4 2
16. If the lines 3x – 4y – 7 = 0 and 2x – 3y – 5 = 0 are two diameters of a circle of area 49 square units,
the equation of the circle is : [AIEEE 2006 (3, –1), 120]
(1) x2 + y2 + 2x – 2y – 62 = 0 (2) x2 + y2 – 2x + 2y – 62 = 0
(3) x2 + y2 – 2x + 2y – 47 = 0 (4) x2 + y2 + 2x – 2y – 47 = 0
17. Consider a family of circles which are passing through the point (–1, 1) and are tangent to x-axis. If (h,
k) are the coordinates of the centre of the circles, then the set of values of k is given by the interval
[AIEEE 2007 (3, –1), 120]
(1) 0 < k < 1 < 2 (2) k  1/2 (3) – 1/2  k  1/2 (4) k  1/2
18. The point diametrically opposite to the point P(1, 0) on the circle x2 + y2 + 2x + 4y – 3 = 0 is
[AIEEE 2008 (3, –1), 105]
(1) (3, –4) (2) (–3, 4) (3) (–3, –4) (4) (3, 4)
19. If P and Q are the points of intersection of the circles x2 + y2 + 3x + 7y + 2p – 5 = 0 and
x2 + y2 + 2x + 2y – p2 = 0, then there is a circle passing through P, Q and (1, 1) for :
[AIEEE 2009 (4, –1), 144]
(1) all except one value of p (2) all except two values of p
(3) exactly one value of p (4) all values of p
20. Three distinct points A, B and C are given in the 2-dimensional coordinate plane such that the ratio of
the distance of any one of them from the point (1, 0) to the distance from the point (–1, 0) is equal to 1 :
3. Then the circumcentre of the triangle ABC is at the point [AIEEE 2009 (4, –1), 144]
 5   5  5 
(1) (0, 0) (2)  , 0  (3)  , 0  (4)  , 0 
4  2  3 
Circle

21. The circle x2 + y2 = 4x + 8y + 5 intersects the line 3x – 4y = m at two distinct points if

[AIEEE 2010 (4, –1), 144]
(1) – 35 < m < 15 (2) 15 < m < 65 (3) 35 < m < 85 (4) – 85 < m < – 35

22. The two circles x2 + y2 = ax and x2 + y2 = c2(c > 0) touch each other if : [AIEEE 2011, I, (4, –1), 120]
(1) 2|a| = c (2) |a| = c (3) a = 2c (4) |a| = 2c
23. The equation of the circle passing through the point (1, 0) and (0, 1) and having the smallest radius is -
[AIEEE 2011, II, (4, –1), 120]
2 2
(1) x + y – 2x – 2y + 1 = 0 (2) x2 + y2 – x – y = 0
(3) x2 + y2 + 2x + 2y – 7 = 0 (4) x2 + y2 + x + y – 2 = 0
24. The length of the diameter of the circle which touches the x-axis at the point (1, 0) and passes through
the point (2, 3) is : [AIEEE-2012, (4, –1)/120]
10 3 6 5
(1) (2) (3) (4)
3 5 5 3
25. The circle passing through (1, –2) and touching the axis of x at (3, 0) also passes through the point
[AIEEE - 2013, (4, – 1) ]
(1) (–5, 2) (2) (2, – 5) (3) (5, – 2) (4) (–2, 5)
26. Let C be the circle with centre at (1, 1) and radius = 1. If T is the circle centred at (0, y), passing through
origin and touching the circle C externally, then the radius of T is equal to :
[JEE(Main) 2014, (4, – 1), 120]
1 1 3 3
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2 4 2 2

27. Locus of the image of the point (2, 3) in the line (2x – 3y + 4) + k (x – 2y + 3) = 0, k  R, is a
[JEE(Main) 2015, (4, – 1), 120]
(1) straight line parallel to x-axis (2) straight line parallel to y-axis
(3) circle of radius 2 (4) circle of radius 3

28. The number of common tangents to the circles x2 + y2 – 4x –6y – 12 = 0 and x2 + y2 + 6x + 18y + 26 =
0, is [JEE(Main) 2015, (4, – 1), 120]
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4
29. The centres of those circles which touch the circle, x2 + y2 – 8x – 8y – 4 = 0, externally and also touch
the x-axis, lie on : [JEE(Main) 2016, (4, – 1), 120]
(1) an ellipse which is not a circle (2) a hyperbola
(3) a parabola (4) a circle
30. If one of the diameters of the circle, given by the equation, x2 + y2 – 4x + 6y – 12 = 0, is a chord of a
circle S, whose centre is at (– 3, 2), then the radius of S is : [JEE(Main) 2016, (4, – 1), 120]
(1) 5 3 (2) 5 (3) 10 (4) 5 2

PART - II : JEE (ADVANCED) / IIT-JEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

2 2
1. If the tangent at the point P on the circle x + y + 6x + 6y = 2 meets the straight line
5x – 2y + 6 = 0 at a point Q on the y-axis, then the length of PQ is [IIT-JEE - 2002, Scr, (3, – 1), 90]
(A) 4 (B) 2 5 (C) 5 (D) 3 5
2 2
2. If a > 2b > 0, then the positive value of m for which y = mx – b 1  m2 is a common tangent to x + y
= b2 and (x – a)2 + y2 = b2 is [IIT-JEE 2002, Scr, (3, – 1), 90]
2b a2  4b2 2b b
(A) (B) (C) (D)
a2  4b2 2b a  2b a  2b
2 2
3. The centre of circle inscribed in a square formed by lines x – 8x + 12 = 0 and y – 14y + 45 = 0 is
[IIT- 2003,Scr, (3, – 1), 84]
(A) (4, 7) (B) (7, 4) (C) (9, 4) (D) (4, 9)
Circle

4. If one of the diameters of the circle x2 + y2 – 2x – 6y + 6 = 0 is a chord to the circle with centre (2, 1),
then the radius of the circle is [IIT-JEE - 2004, Scr, (3, – 1), 84]
(A) 3 (B) 2 (C) 3/2 (D) 5
2 2
5. Tangents are drawn from the point (17, 7) to the circle x + y = 169.
STATEMENT-1 : The tangents are mutually perpendicular. [IIT-JEE - 2007, Paper-1, (3,–1), 162]
because
STATEMENT-2 : The locus of the points from which mutually perpendicular tangents can be drawn to
the given circle is x2 + y2 = 338.
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True ; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True ; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1
(C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True
2 2 2 2
6. Let a and b be non-zero real numbers. Then, the equation (ax + by + c) (x – 5xy + 6y ) = 0
represents
[IIT-JEE - 2008, Paper -1, (3,– 1), 82]
(A) four straight lines, when c = 0 and a, b are of the same sign
(B) two straight lines and a circle, when a = b, and c is of sign opposite to that of a
(C) two straight lines and a hyperbola, when a and b are of the same sign and c is of sign opposite to
that of a
(D) a circle and an ellipse, when a and b are of the same sign and c is of sign opposite to that of a

7. Consider L1 : 2x + 3y + p – 3 = 0 [IIT-JEE - 2008, Paper-2, (3, – 1), 81]

L2 : 2x + 3y + p + 3 = 0
where p is a real number, and C : x2 + y2 + 6x – 10y + 30 = 0
STATEMENT -1 : If line L1 is a chord of circle C, then line L2 is not always a diameter of circle C
and
STATEMENT-2 :If line L1 is a diameter of circle C, then line L2 is not a chord of circle C.
(A) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is True ; STATEMENT-2 is a correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(B) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is True ; STATEMENT-2 is NOT a correct explanation
for STATEMENT-1
(C) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is False
(D) STATEMENT-1 is False, STATEMENT-2 is True

8. Tangents drawn from the point P(1, 8) to the circle x2 + y2 – 6x – 4y – 11 = 0 touch the circle at the
points A and B. The equation of the circumcircle of the triangle PAB is
[IIT-JEE - 2009, Paper-1, (3, –1), 80]
(A) x2 + y2 + 4x – 6y + 19 = 0 (B) x2 + y2 – 4x – 10y + 19 = 0
(C) x2 + y2 – 2x + 6y – 29 = 0 (D) x2 + y2 – 6x – 4y + 19 = 0

9. The circle passing through the point (–1, 0) and touching the y-axis at (0, 2) also passes through the
point [IIT-JEE - 2011, Paper-2, (3, –1), 80]
 3   5   3 5
(A)   , 0  (B)   , 2  (C)   ,  (D) (–4, 0)
 2   2   2 2

10. The locus of the mid-point of the chord of contact of tangents drawn from points lying on the straight
2 2
line 4x – 5y = 20 to the circle x + y = 9 is [IIT-JEE 2012, PAPER- 1, (3, –1)/70]
2 2 2 2
(A) 20(x + y ) – 36x + 45y = 0 (B) 20(x + y ) + 36x – 45y = 0
(C) 36(x2 + y2) – 20x + 45y = 0 2 2
(D) 36(x + y ) + 20x – 45y = 0
Circle

Comprehension (Q. No. 11 to 12)

A tangent PT is drawn to the circle x2 + y2 = 4 at the point P( 3 , 1). A straight line L, perpendicular to
PT is a tangent to the circle (x – 3)2 + y2 = 1. [IIT-JEE 2012, PAPER- 2, (3, –1)/66]

11. A common tangent of the two circles is

(A) x = 4 (B) y = 2 (C) x + 3y=4 (D) x + 2 2 y = 6

12. A possible equation of L is

(A) x – 3y=1 (B) x + 3y=1 (C) x – 3 y = –1 (D) x + 3y=5

13*. Circle(s) touching x-axis at a distance 3 from the origin and having an intercept of length 2 7 on y-axis
is (are) [JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]
(A) x2 + y2 – 6x + 8y + 9 = 0 (B) x2 + y2 – 6x + 7y + 9 = 0
(C) x2 + y2 – 6x – 8y + 9 = 0 (D) x2 + y2 – 6x – 7y + 9 = 0

14*. A circle S passes through the point (0, 1) and is orthogonal to the circles (x – 1)2 + y2 = 16 and
2 2
x + y = 1. Then [JEE (Advanced) 2014, Paper-1, (3, 0)/60]
(A) radius of S is 8 (B) radius of S is 7
(C) centre of S is (–7, 1) (D) centre of S is (–8, 1)

15. The circle C1 : x2 + y2 = 3, with centre at O, intersects the parabola x2 = 2y at the point P in the first
quadrant. Let the tangent to the circle C1 at P touches other two circles C2 and C3 at R2 and R3,

respectively. Suppose C2 and C3 have equal radii 2 3 and centres Q2 and Q3, respectively. If Q2 and
Q3 lie on the y-axis, then [JEE (Advanced) 2016, Paper-1, (4, –2)/62]

(A) Q2Q3 = 12 (B) R2R3 = 4 6

(C) area of the triangle OR2R3 is 6 2 (D) area of the triangle PQ2Q3 is 4 2

16. Let RS be the diameter of the circle x2 + y2 = 1, where S is the point (1, 0). Let P be a variable point
(other than R and S) on the circle and tangents to the circle at S and P meet at the point Q. The normal
to the circle at P intersects a line drawn through Q parallel to RS at point E. Then the locus of E passes
through the point(s) [JEE (Advanced) 2016, Paper-1, (4, –2)/62]
1 1   1 1 1 1  1 1
(A)  ,
3

 (B)  ,  (C)  ,–
3

 (D)  ,– 
 3 4 2  3 4 2
Circle

EXERCISE # 1
Section (A) :
A-1. (4) A-2. (4) A-3. (2) A-4. (1) A-5. (3) A-6. (1) A-7. (2)
A-8. (2) A-9. (1) A-10. (1) A-11. (1) A-12. (4) A-13. (3) A-14. (2)
A-15. (2)

Section (B) :
B-1. (1) B-2. (2) B-3. (3) B-4. (1) B-5. (1) B-6. (2) B-7. (2)
B-8. (2) B-9. (2) B-10. (3) B-11. (1) B-12. (2) B-13. (4) B-14. (2)
B- 15. (1) B-16. (2)

Section (C) :
C-1. (2) C-2. (3) C-3. (2) C-4. (3) C-5. (2) C-6. (1) C-7. (1)
C-8. (3) C-9. (2) C-10. (1) C-11. (3) C-12. (3) C-13. (1)
Section (D) :
D-1. (2) D-2. (2) D-3. (2) D-4. (1) D-5. (3) D-6. (1) D-7 (2)
D-8. (1) D-9. (2) D-10. (2) D-11. (1) D-12. (1) D-13. (3) D-14 (1)
D-15. (1) D-16. (3)
Section (E) :
E-1. (1) E-2. (1) E-3. (2) E-4. (2) E-5. (3)

EXERCISE # 2
PART-I
1. (2) 2. (3) 3. (1) 4. (2) 5. (1) 6. (2) 7. (3)
8. (4) 9. (2) 10. (3) 11. (2) 12. (2) 13. (2) 14. (2)
15. (4) 16. (1) 17. (1) 18. (2) 19. (1) 20. (3) 21. (4)
22. (1)
PART-II
Section (A) :
1. (3) 2. (1)
Section (B) :
B-1. (A)  s ; (B)  p ; (C)  q ; (D)  r B-2. Aq;Bs; Cp;Dr
Section (C) :
C-1. (2,3) C-2. (1,2) C-3. (1,4) C-4. (1,2)

EXERCISE # 3
PART-I
1. (2) 2. (2) 3. (4) 4. (2) 5. (2) 6. (2) 7. (1)
8. (3) 9. (2) 10. (1) 11. (1) 12. (1) 13. (3) 14. (4)
15. (3) 16. (3) 17. (2) 18. (3) 19. (1) 20. (2) 21. (1)
22. (2) 23. (2) 24. (1) 25. (3) 26. (2) 27. (3) 28. (3)
29. (3) 30. (1)

PART-III
1. (C) 2. (A) 3. (A) 4. (A) 5. (A) 6. (B) 7. (C)
8. (B) 9. (D) 10. (A) 11. (D) 12. (A) 13*. (AC) 14*. (BC)
15. (A,B,C) 16. (A,C)
Circle

PART - I : PRACTICE TEST PAPER

This Section is not meant for classroom discussion. It is being given to promote self-study and self
testing amongst the Resonance students.
Max. Marks : 120 Max. Time : 1 Hr.
Important Instructions :
1. The test is of 1 hour duration and max. marks 120.
2. The test consists 30 questions, 4 marks each.
3. Only one choice is correct 1 mark will be deducted for incorrect response. No deduction from the total
score will be made if no response is indicated for an item in the answer sheet.
4. There is only one correct response for each question. Filling up more than one response in any question
will be treated as wrong response and marks for wrong response will be deducted accordingly as per
instructions 3 above.

1. An acute angle PQR is inscribed in the circle x2+y2=25. If Q and R have co-ordinates (3,4) & (–4,3)
respectively then QPR =
   
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2 4 3 6

2. The equation of a circle which passes through (1,0) and (0,1) and has its radius as small as possible is
x2 + y2 – gx –fy + c = 0 where g, f W (set of whole numbers) then g + f+ c =
(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) 2 (4) 3
3. The equation of circle which is touched by line y = x, has its centre on the positive direction of the x-axis
and cut off a chord of length of 2 units along the line 3y  x  0 is
(1) x2 + y2 + 4x + 2 = 0 (2) x2 + y2 + 4x – 2 = 0 (3) x2 + y2 – 4x – 2 = 0 (4) x2 + y2 – 4x + 2 = 0
4. The set of all values of  for which the point (–1,  +1) lies in the larger segment of the circle
x2 + y2 – x – y–6 = 0 made by the chord x + y – 2 = 0 is
(1) [– 1, 1] (2) (–1, 1) (3) (–1, 0) (4) (0, 1)
5. The circle x2 + y2 –6x – 10y +  = 0 neither touches nor intersect the coordinate axis and the point (1,4)
lies inside the circle then maximum integral value of  can be
(1) 26 (2) 27 (3) 28 (4) 29
6. The number of integral values of  for which x2 + y2 + x + (1–) y + 5 = 0 is the equation of a circle
whose radius does not exceed 5 are
(1) 31 (2) 29 (3) 28 (4) 27
7. Value of k for which four distinct points (2k,3k) , (1,0), (0,1), (0,0) lies on a circle is
5 13
(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) (4)
13 7
8. If one end of the diameter is (1,2) and other end lies on the line 2x + y = 5 then the locus of centre of
circle is ax + by – 9 = 0 then a + b =
(1) 5 (2) 6 (3) 7 (4) 3
9. If a line is drawn through a fixed point P (10,7) to cut the circle x2+y2 – 4x–2y –20 = 0 at A and B then
the value of PA.PB is
(1) 5 3 (2) 75 (3) 49 (4) 7

10. If the length of tangent drawn from the point (5,3) to the circle x 2+y2 + 2x+ky +17 = 0 be 7 then value of
k is
(1) 4 (2) – 4 (3) – 3 (4) 3
Circle

11. If the chord of contact of tangents drawn from a point on the circle x2+y2 = a2 to the circle x2+y2 = b2
2 2 2
touches the circle x +y = c then
2ac
(1) 2b = a + c (2) b = (3) b2 = ac (4) 2b = a + 3c
ac
2 2 2 2
12. The circles x +y + 2a'x + 2b'y + c' = 0 and 2x +2y +2ax + 2by + c = 0 intersect orthogonally if
(aa' + bb') = c  c '(, ,   N) then minimum value of      is
(1) 4 (2) 3 (3) 5 (4) 7
13. If the equation of circle which cuts the three circles x +y –3x–6y+ 14 = 0, x2+y2–x – 4y + 8 = 0 and
2 2

x2+y2 + 2x – 6y + 9 = 0 orthogonally is x2+y2+ gx – 4y +  = 0 then value of g + 5 is

(1) – 1 (2) 2 (3) 4 (4) 3
2 2 2 2  106
14. The length of common chord of circles x +y +2x+6y = 0 & x +y – 4x – 2y – 6 = 0 is where 

and  are coprime then
(1)  –  = 3 (2)  –  = 2 (3)  +  = 7 (4)  +  = 5
15. The equation of the smallest circle passing through the intersection of the line x+y = 1 and the circle
2 2
x +y = 9 is
(1) x2+y2–x–y– 8 = 0 (2) x2+y2–x–y+ 8 = 0 (3) x2+y2+x–y– 8 = 0 (4) x2+y2+x+y+ 8 = 0
2 2
16. Equation of chord of circle x +y –3x–4y– 4 = 0 which passes through the origin such that origin divides
it in the ratio 4:1 is ax+by = 0 (a,bN) then minimum (a+b) =
(1) 30 (2) 31 (3) 32 (4) 33
17. Two congruent circles with centres at (2,3) and (5,6) which intersect at right angle have radius equal to
(1) 2 2 (2) 3 (3) 4 (4) 3

18. ABCD is a square of unit area. A circle is tangent to two sides of ABCD and passes through exactly one
of its vertex, the radius of the circle can be
1
(1) 2  2 (2) 2  1 (3) 2  3 (4)
2
2 2
19. If the chord y = mx+1 of circle x +y = 1 subtends an angle 45° at the major segment of the circle then
value of m can be
(1) 2 (2) –2 (3) – 1 (4) 2
2 2
20. The straight line xcos+ysin = 2 will touch the circle x +y –2x = 0 if

(1)   n,n  I (2)    2n  1 ,n  I (3)   2n,n  I
(4)   (4n  1) ,n  I
2
2 2 2 2
21. If the conics whose equations are Sx sin +2hxy+y cos  +32x+16y+19 = 0 &
S' x2cos2+2h'xy + y2sin2+16x+32y+19 = 0 intersects in four concylic points then
(1) h+h' = 0 (2) h = h' (3) h + h' =1 (4) h+h'=2
22. If the line ax+by = 2 is a normal to the circle x2+y2– 4x – 4y = 0 and a tangent to the circle
x2+y2=1 then a –b = (a>b)
(1) 6 (2) 7 (3) 5 (4) 8

23. The equation of circle whose radius is 5 and which touches the circle x2+y2–2x–4y–20=0 at the point
(5,5) is
2 2
(1) x +y +18x+16y–120 = 0 (2) x2+y2–18x–16y–120 = 0
2 2
(3) x +y –18x–16y+120 = 0 (4) x2+y2–18x+16y+120 = 0
24. If a circle passes through the point (a,b) and cut the circle x2+y2=k2 orthogonally then equation of locus
of its centre is
(1) 2ax + 2by = a2+b2+k2 (2) ax + by = a2+b2+k2
2 2 2
(3)x + y + 2ax+2by+k = 0 (4) x2 + y2 + 2ax–2by+a2 + b2 – k2 = 0
Circle

25. If common chord of the circle C with centre at (2,1) and radius r and the circle x 2+y2–2x–6y+ 6= 0 is a
nd
diameter of 2 circle then value of r is
3
(1) 3 (2) 2 (3) (4) 1
2
26. If the circle x2+y2–6x– 4y +9 = 0 bisect the circumference of the circle x2+y2–(+4) x– (+2)y +5+3 = 0,
then  is equal to
(1) – 1 (2) 1 (3) 2 (4) 4
2 2 2 2 2 2
27. Radical centre of three circles x +y =9, x +y –2x–2y–5= 0 & x +y + 4x+6y –19 = 0 lies on
y = mx then m =
2 3
(1) – 1 (2)  (3)  (4) 1
3 4
2 2 2
28. The area of the triangle formed by the tangent at the point () on the circle x +y =r
4 2
where r –15r +56 = 0 and coordinate axis can be
49 14 16 32
(1) (2) (3) (4)
   

29. If , m,n denote the length of intercepts made by circle x2+y2–8x + 10y + 16 = 0 on x-axis, y-axis and
line y = – x respectively , then 2+10m2+26n2 =
(1) 2906 (2) 2908 (3) 2910 (4) 2900
30. A polygon of nine sides each of length 2 inscribed in a circle, then diameter of circle is
   
(1) cosec (2) sin (3) 2cos ec (4) 2sin
9 9 9 9
Practice Test (JEE-Main Pattern)
OBJECTIVE RESPONSE SHEET (ORS)

Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Ans.

Que. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Ans.

Que. 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Ans.

PART - II : PRACTICE QUESTIONS

1. If two distinct chords, drawn from the point (p, q) on the circle x 2 + y2 = px + qy (where pq  0) are
bisected by the x-axis, then
(1) p2 = q2 (2) p2 = 8q2 (3) p2 < 8q2 (4) p2 > 8q2
2*. Let L1 be a straight line passing through the origin and L2 be the straight line x + y = 1. If the intercepts
made by the circle x2 + y2 – x + 3y = 0 on L1 and L2 are equal, then which of the following equations can
represent L1 ?
(1) x + y = 0 (2) x – y = 0 (3) x + 7y = 0 (4) x – 7y = 0
3. Let PQ and RS be tangents at the extremities of diameter PR of a circle of radius r. If PS and RQ
intersect at a point X on the circumference of the circle, then 2r equals
PQ  RS 2PQ  RS PQ2  RS2
(1) PQ . RS (2) (3) (4)
2 PQ  RS 2
Circle

4. Let AB be a chord of the circle x2 + y2 = r2 subtending a right angle at the centre. Then, locus of the
centroid of the triangle PAB as P moves on the circles is
(1) a parabola (2) a circle
(3) an ellipse (4) a pair of straight line
5. If the tangent at the point P on the circle x 2 + y2 + 6x + 6y = 2 meets the straight line
5x – 2y + 6 = 0 at a point Q on the y-axis, then the length of PQ is
(1) 4 (2) 2 5 (3) 5 (4) 3 5
6. If a > 2b > 0, then the positive value of m for which y = mx – b 1  m2 is a common tangent to x2 + y2 =
b2 and (x – a)2 + y2 = b2 is
2b a2  4b2 2b b
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2
a  4b 2 2b a  2b a  2b
2 2
7. A circle is given by x + (y – 1) = 1. Another circle C touches it externally and also the x-axis, then the
locus of its centre is
(1) {(x, y) : x2 = 4y} U {(x, y) : y  0} (2) {(x, y) : x2 + (y – 1)2 = 4} U {(x, y) : y  0}
2
(3) {(x, y) : x = y} U {(0, y) : y  0} (4) {(x, y) : x2 = 4y} U {(0, y) : y  0}
8. The centres of two circles C1 and C2 each of unit radius are at a distance of 6 units from each other. Let
P be the mid point of the line segment joining the centres of C1 and C2 and C be a circle touching
circles C1 and C2 externally. If a common tangent to C1 and C passing through P is also a common
tangent to C2 and C, then the radius of the circle C is
(1) 4 (2) 6 (3) 8 (4) 3
9. Let ABCD be a quadrilateral with area 18, with side AB parallel to the side CD and AB = 2 CD. Let AD
be perpendicular to AB and CD. If a circle is drawn inside the quadrilateral ABCD touching all the sides,
then its radius is
3
(1) 3 (2) 2 (3) (4) 1
2
10*. A straight line through the vertex P of a triangle PQR intersects the side QR at the point S and the
circumcircle of the triangle PQR at the point T. If S is not the centre of the circumcircle, then
1 1 2 1 1 2
(1) + < (2) + >
PS ST QS  SR PS ST QS  SR
1 1 4 1 1 4
(3) + < (4) + >
PS ST QR PS ST QR
Comprehension # 1 (Q. No. 11 to 13)
A circle C of radius 1 is inscribed in an equilateral triangle PQR. The points of contact of C with the
sides PQ, QR, RP are D, E, F, respectively. The line PQ is given by the equation 3 x + y – 6 = 0 and
3 3 3
the point D is  , . Further, it is given that the origin and the centre of C are on the same side of
 2 2 
 
the line PQ.
11. The equation of circle C is
2
2 2 2  1
(1) (x – 2 3 ) + (y – 1) = 1 (2) (x – 2 3 ) + y   = 1
 2 
2 2 2 2
(3) (x – 3 ) + (y + 1) = 1 (4) (x – 3 ) + (y – 1) = 1
12. Points E and F are given by
 3 3  3 1
(1)  ,
 2 2 
, 3, 0   (2)  ,
 2 2 
,  3, 0 
   
 3 3  3 1 3 3   3 1
(3)  , (4)  , , , 
 2 2   2 2   2 2   
       2 2
Circle

13. Equations of the sides QR, RP are

2 2 1
(1) y = x + 1, y = – x–1 (2) y = x, y = 0
3 3 3
3 3
(3) y = x + 1, y = – x–1 (4) y = 3 x, y = 0
2 2
Comprehension # 2 (Q. No. 14 to 16)
Two circles are S1 (x + 3)2 + y2 = 9 ; S2 (x – 5)2 + y2 = 16 with centres C1 & C2

14. A direct common tangent is drawn from a point P on x-axis which touches S1 & S2 at Q & R,
respectively. Find the ratio of area of PQC1 & PRC2.
(1) 3 : 4 (2) 9 : 16 (3) 16 : 9 (4) 4 : 3
15. From point 'A' on S2 which is nearest to S1, a variable chord is drawn to S1. The locus of mid point of
the chord is
(1) circle (2) Diameter of S1
(3) Arc of a circle (4) chord of S1 but not diameter

16. Locus of Q.15 cuts the circle S1 at B & C, then line segment BC subtends an angle on the major arc
BC of circle S1 which is
3  4  7
(1) cos–1 (2) tan–1 (3 7 ) (3) cos–1   (4) cot–1 
4 3  3 
 

PART - I
1. (2) 2. (3) 3. (4) 4. (2) 5. (3) 6. (1) 7. (3)

8. (2) 9. (2) 10. (2) 11. (3) 12. (3) 13. (4) 14. (3)

15. (1) 16. (2) 17. (2) 18. (1) 19. (3) 20. (3) 21. (1)

22. (2) 23. (3) 24. (1) 25. (1) 26. (4) 27. (4) 28. (4)

29. (2) 30. (1)

PART - II
1. (4) 2*. (2,3) 3. (1) 4. (2) 5. (3) 6. (1) 7. (4)

8. (3) 9. (2) 10*. (2,4) 11. (4) 12. (1) 13. (4) 14. (2)
15. (3) 16. (1)