Abstract

Solid management is one of the basic essential services provided by municipal

authorities, NGO, and the private sector to keep the clean cities. The collection,

transportation, treatment, and disposal of solid waste are all included in solid waste

management, along with monitoring and regulation. One of the largest issues in cities is solid

waste. Three core principles—reduce, recycle, and reuse—are used to manage solid waste.

Managing solid waste improperly results in a hazardous inhabitant. The research of solid

waste management was conducted to assess the situation as it is now and to pinpoint the main

issue. Solid waste is handled and disposed of using a variety of techniques, including

windrow composting, landfilling, composting, and incineration. Energy is wasted by using

solid waste. The current method of solid waste disposal and further use as energy is modified

by research on solid waste management.

Keywords: solid waste, type, method of disposal, problem, scope

 CHAPTER 1 

                                                            The Problem

Introduction 

             Garbage is one of the most harmful problems in society. This is posing a serious

threat. No matter where you go or get there, you will always see garbage lying and scattered

on the street, in the canals, and even on the side of the road. By implementing the separation

of waste into its various types such as plastic bottles, cans, recyclable materials, reusable and

others. The key to great recycling is segregation. Waste Segregation is the process of which

garbage will separate by its type by separating bin into wet dry. It is a First step to complies

waste management plan that will help the environment. Separating waste by its type and

disposing of it in the right trash or container is very important and will help a lot to prevent it

from. This will also help to facilitate the work of people assigned to separate garbage and

people will be more disciplined in proper disposal and how to classify the segregation.

Effective segregation of waste can less waste goes to landfill thereby taking up less space and

better for people and the environment.   

          Non-governmental organizations are seeking to change the attitudes of the young

people, household and businessman, pierced behavioural control variable is still scares on

understanding the waste segregation behavior at source. Growing up in this society, there is

an unaware of how will waste segregation put in a right way. It is important for us to know

wastes' treatment methods by using R's methods.   

The community or Barangay in some places must have Garbage Truck and a good

transportation or some technologies to Facilitate this kind of situation in order to maintain the

proper waste segregation. It is essential to put waste in a separate bin. When we separate

waste into proper bins and treated them separately, it could probably reduce the Pollution of

air and water that can cause illnesses. This is a good impact especially in our Health as we
separate our garbage properly to avoid poison because of dirty equipment. We can achieve a

healthy physique. 

          To Maintain/Reduce the Major Waste by segregating waste will be a big help to the

environment, if people intend to throw their garbage's away or scattered in the street or some

areas, this can be bad or harmful to our community. Now that many diseases right now are

easy to spread by garbage's like Dengue, Leptospirosis and so on. The important thing to do

is to follow the safety protocol, by doing that we can easily keep our community safe and

away from pollution. Also, a good Corporation of People and better Cooperation can build

good communication will probably cause a clean community and a healthy lifestyle. 

 Conceptual Framework 

Independent Variable DependentVariable

SWM System
Sorting and Separating Waste Proper Waste Segregation

Figure 1. The schematic diagram of the independent and dependent variables of the study.

          This conceptual framework shows the independent and dependent variables of the

study. The Independent variable/s is Effect of Sorting and Separating Waste, and the

Dependent variable/s is Proper Waste Segregation. It is presumed that the Effect of Sorting

and Separating Waste have impact on the Proper Waste Segregation.

Statement of the Problem  

          Solid waste management is one of the major problems in the World. Waste poses a

threat to public health and the environment if it is not stored, collected, and disposed of

properly. If the waste is not segregated properly means that it will end up mixed up in

landfills. The proposed system will have a solution to the problem. This study was conducted

to answer the following questions:

1.) How does recycling make a positive impact on society? 

2.) Why is reducing, recycling, and reuse to save the environment important? 

3.) How can we protect our environment?  

Significance of the Study  

          The advantages of waste segregation keeping the environment clean, fresh, and safe. It

could save the earth and conserves energy, reduces environmental pollution. Recycling

and/reusing the waste that is produced benefits the environment by lessening the need to

extract resources and lowers the potential for contamination. Reducing waste will not only

protect the environment but will also save on costs or reduce expenses for disposal. More

recycling and improved sustainability with less waste building up onsite and more effective

waste disposal, your school, environment, even society will become a much cleaner place.

It can also promote responsible waste habits in children and the learners. 

The outcome of the study is relevant to the following: 

To the Learners. To help the Learners develop and have a knowledge to enable the

practice of correct waste management and waste disposal in their schools, at home, or in the

environment in imparting knowledge and creating awareness in students in order to

accomplish the sustainable and effective waste management, in order to have a better and

convenably environment. 
 To the Teachers. To help the Teachers reinforce and to guide all the student on

undertaking similar studies. Through this research, Teachers may purposefully discover how

classroom management is conducive to learning in order to achieve the awareness of

environmental problems. 

To the Parents. To help the Parents to give the right guidance to their children by teaching

them on how to throw or dispose their garbage or waste properly, so that it will lessen the

cause of improper waste disposal. 

To the Researchers. This study will help the Researchers to be guided and as being

interconnected with the Proper Disposal to maintain a good environment. This will have

consequences for the sustainability level to be achieved in the entire country.

Scope and Limitations of the Study  

          The study focused on managing waste from its beginning to the final waste disposal in

Lumbia, Cagayan de Oro City. It also assessed the Physical challenges including; large

volume of waste and space limitations. The study aims to conduct Solid waste management

concerning the protection of the environment and the health of the population and

biodegradable element presents in waste.

Definition of terms  

          The following terms were defined consistently with they are being used or related

within the study. 

Composition. It is the term used to describe the individual components that make up a

solid waste stream and their related distribution. It refers to the limited list of components or

constituents, such as paper, glass, metal, plastic and garbage, into which an aggregate of

municipal waste may conveniently separate. 

 Organic Waste. It refers to types of waste that contain carbon. This could be paper, food

waste or yard trimmings. The term is often used to describe materials that can be

decomposited by microorganisms.  

Landfill. It is a place to dispose of reuse and other waste material by burying it and

covering it with soil especially as a method of filling in or extending usable land. This

method is considered safe for the environment. 

Solid Waste Management. It is the action of cleaning waste and preventing nature from

getting polluted. It refers to the supervised handling of waste material from generation at the

source through the recovery processes to disposal.  

Recycling. It is the processing of already used materials into new products in order to

reduce the usage of raw materials. Its purpose is to prevent the waste of resources, reduce air

and water pollution and decrease greenhouse gas emissions. 

Biodegradable. According to the Cambridge Dictionary, Biodegradable is the ability to

decay naturally and in a way that is not harmful to the environment. It refers to the ability of

things to get disintegrated(decomposed) by the action of micro-organisms such as bacteria or

fungi biological (with or without oxygen) while getting assimilated into the natural

environment. There's no ecological harm during the process. We can either speak of

biodegradable solids (also called compostable) or liquids that biodegrade into water. 

Curbside Collection. It is also known as Kerbside collection. This refers to a domestic

rubbish collection service. Special vehicles are used to pick up garbage containers containing

household waste. 

Dry Waste. It is dry materials that have been contaminated with hazardous chemical

waste. It refers to all waste items that are not considered wet/soiled items. This includes both

recyclable and non-recyclable materials. Dry waste includes items such as bottles, cans,

clothing, plastic, wood, glass, metals, and paper. 

 Wet Waste. It is all the kitchen waste that we produce. Wet waste typically refers to

organic waste usually generated by eating establishments and is heavy in weight due to

dampness. 

Precycling. This is not a widely used or accepted term, but it refers to actions such as

making purchasing decisions that will reduce waste such as buying goods with less packaging

(e.g.; goods in bulk or concentrated form), choosing products that will last longer, and

avoiding single-use or disposable products. These actions are also considered to be waste

prevention.  

                                                               CHAPTER 2  

                                              Review of Related Literature 

Foreign Related Studies 

A detailed investigation was made regarding the methods of practices associated with

sources, quantity generated, collection, transportation, storage, treatment and disposal of

Municipal solid waste in Mysore City. The data concerning SWM in Mysore was obtained

through questionnaire, individual field visit, interacting with people and authentic record of

municipal corporation. Photographic evidence was also made about generation, storage,

collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of MSW. This study reveals that the present
system of MSWM in Mysore City is not satisfactory based on Municipal Solid Waste

Management & Handling Rules 2000 (Chandra, et al., 2009). 

        Another case study across North America conducted by Holistic Environmental

Consulting (WEC, 2007), yard and food waste make up over a quarter of all the ordinary

garbage we throw away. That's 25% by weight. In the U.S., that 25% is almost equally

divided between yard waste (32.6 million tons, or 12.8% of all MSW) and food scraps (31.7

million tons, or 12.5%). And then there's all the other organic stuff that could be composted:

all the clothing, towels, and bedding made of organic fibers, plus wood, old furniture and

sawdust. Then there's paper, which at 83 million tons accounts for another 30% of municipal

solid waste. As of 2006, the latest year for which figures are available, over 64% of the yard

waste we throw away was recovered and composted, as was 54.5% of the paper and

cardboard. Only 2.6% of food waste reached a compost heap. 

 Local Related Studies 

The experiences and practices of household waste management of people in a

barangay (village) in Manila, Philippines are documented. The data were gathered through an

interview with household members using open-ended questions. Interviews were also

conducted with garbage collectors as well as scavengers. Results showed that the households

generated an average of 3.2 kg of solid waste per day, or 0.50 kg/capita/day. The types of

wastes commonly generated are food/kitchen wastes, papers, PET bottles, metals, and cans,

boxes/cartons, glass bottles, cellophane/plastics, and yard/garden wastes. The respondents

segregate their waste into PET bottles, glass bottles, and other waste (mixed wastes). No

respondents perform composting. It is worth noting, however, that burning of waste is not

done by the respondents. The households rely on garbage collection by the government.
Collection is done twice daily, except Sundays, and household members bring their garbage

when the garbage truck arrives. However, there are those who dump their garbage in non-

designated pick-up points, usually on a corner of the street. The dumped garbage becomes a

breeding ground for disease-causing organisms. Some household respondents said that it is

possible that the dumping in certain areas caused the dengue fever suffered by some of their

family members. Mothers and household helpers are responsible for household waste

management. Scavengers generally look for recyclable items in the dumped garbage. All of

them said that it is their only source of income, which is generally not enough for their meals.

Most of the respondents said that garbage collection and disposal is the responsibility of the

government. The results of the study showed that RA 9003, also known as the Ecological

Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, is not fully implemented in Metro Manila (Bernardo,

2008).

This study highlights the results of the study that was conducted to analyze the solid

waste management practices of the waste generators, and the extent of their compliance with

the Republic Act 9003, otherwise known as the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of

2000. The study was conducted in Bacolod City, Philippines in 2007. The findings of this

study served as basis in developing a handbook on solid waste management (Ballados, 2010).

The Motiong town government in Samar has vowed to intensify the implementation of

its Solid Waste Management Program after barangay chairmen here took at one-day seminar-

workshop on the program. The activity was held at the Legislative Building here last

Wednesday, August 29.Motiong Mayor Francisco M. Langi Sr. said 30 barangay chairmen of

his municipality attended said seminar-workshop sponsored by the town government

conducted Municipal Planning and Development Officer, Engr. NicasioPermejo. Langi said

all the barangay chairmen were educated on the provisions of the Solid Waste Management
Act of 2003 so that they would be acquainted with and help implement the law in their

respective barangays and propagate environmental preservation. He said the town

government will strictly implement the “no segregation, no collection policy” in all of

Motiong’s barangays and urged the barangay officials to put up a Materials Recovery Facility

(MRF) where they can segregate bio-degradable and non-biodegradable waste materials.

Such materials can be turned into a livelihood as, according to Langi, “there is money in

junk” (Abrematea, 2012).

      CHAPTER 3 

                  Methodology

Research Design 

         The research design used in the study was a descriptive design method of research. The

researchers conducted a face-to-face survey inside the selected households accompanied with

direct observations and interviews of the local respondents found in barangay Lumbia,

Cagayan de Oro City. The researchers provided questions in which they answered to support

the study and were then compiled and organized to serve as the data.

Research Setting

          The study was conducted in five zones of barangay Lumbia, Cagayan de Oro City. The

125 participants were interviewed in the community or in a comfortable place that the

respondent chose to. The researchers also gathered respondents residing in Lumbia. These

respondents were interviewed face to face. The researchers choose the place of
implementation for the reason that it can appropriately provide the researchers with the

needed information for the data. 

Figure 1. Barangay Lumbia, Cagayan de Oro City 

Research Procedure

Adaptation of survey questionnaires. The survey questionnaire was adapted from the

study of Asiri D. Vitharanage, who assessed households regarding of the importance of solid

waste management for sustainable development in Hambantota Municipal Council (HMC) in

Sri Lanka, reformulated and produced in Lumbia National High School, Cagayan de Oro

City.

Organizing guide questions. After the formulation of the survey questionnaire, the said

product was organized and was now ready to be distributed to the selected households found

in barangay Lumbia.

Asking permission of the barangay captain to conduct the study. After organizing the

survey questionnaire, the letter was formulated and produced which was given to the

barangay captain for the researchers to conduct their study at barangay Lumbia.

Approval of permits. The barangay captain approved and gave permission to the

researchers and were now ready to distribute the survey questionnaire to the respondents.
 Distribution. The survey questionnaires were then distributed by the researchers in their

sampling area and were given to the participants incharge.

Observation. After surveying, we observed and interviewed the participants found in the

selected zones. We came up with 125 participants to further establish the validity of the

results. After the distribution of the survey questionnaire, it was then collected at the

study area of the researchers and was then taken back to Lumbia National High School for

the analysis and organization of data.

Analyzing data. After gathering the data, it was then brought to Lumbia National High

School where it was organized and analyzed by the researchers.

Sampling Scheme 

         The sampling scheme used in this study was the convenient and purposive sampling.

Since the study was conducted in a particular area at a specific week, the ones who were

present when we were present upon our arrival were the ones who became our respondents.

The researchers used purposive sampling since the households available at site were asked to

provide the needed information.

 CHAPTER 4 

Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation

          This section presents the analysis and interpretation of the data gathered in the study. In

this chapter, problems are presented, and data are analyzed and interpreted. The analysis of

the findings was enriched and supported by the concepts obtained from various related

studies and related literature. Data were analyzed and interpreted according to its relevance in

addressing the problems presented in the study.  

          This study investigated the implementation and priority concern in establishing and

addressing the environmental issues facing Barangay Lumbia. Specifically, it determined the

solid waste management and mechanism implemented by Barangay Lumbia, Cagayan de Oro

City and the level of effectiveness of the solid waste management program of Barangay

Lumbia, Cagayan de Oro City. 

Interval = Maximum point – Minimum point

= 5-1/5

= 4/5 = 0.8
 Mean Interval Score Interpretation

1-1.5 Poor

1.6-2.0 Needs Improvement

2.1-3.0 Fair

3.1-4.0 Satisfactory

4.1-5.0 Very Satisfactory

Solid Waste Management and Mechanism Implemented by Barangay Lumbia, Cagayan de

Oro City 

19

Table 1. Solid Waste Management and Mechanism Implemented by Barangay Lumbia,

Cagayan de Oro City 

  Area                        f                         % 

A. Information Dissemination  49                     39.2 % 

B. Solid Waste Segregation 47                     37.6%   

System 

C. Solid Waste Management 26 20.8%

1. Segregation of waste 72 57.6%

2. Disposal Site 82 65.6%

3. Infodrive of waste 65 52%

Mechanism

4. Solid Waste Management 87 69.6%

Strategies (recycling, reuse,

 segregate waste, composting)

5. Garbage Collection 99 79.2%

Table 1. presents the solid waste management and mechanism implemented by Barangay

Lumbia, Cagayan de Oro City. The data shows that garbage collection with a percentage of

79.2%. Furthermore, the solid waste management strategies (recycling, reuse, segregate

waste, composting) with a percentage of 69.6%. Likewise, the disposal site with a percentage

of 65.6%. Also, the segregation of waste with a percentage of 57.6%. Additionally, the info

drive of waste mechanism with a percentage of 52%. As well as the information

dissemination with a percentage of 39.2%. Also, the solid waste segregation system with a

percentage of 37.6%. In addition, solid waste management mechanism with a percentage of

20.8% 

Level of Effectiveness of the Solid Waste Management Program of Barangay Lumbia,

Cagayan de Oro City 

Table 2. Level of Effectiveness of the Solid Waste Management Program of Barangay

Lumbia, Cagayan de Oro City. 

Area  Weighted Interpretation 

Mean 

a. Information Dissemination                                    

 3.38  Satisfactory 

b. Garbage Collection                                    

3.09  Satisfactory 

c. Availability or Labeled trash Bins              Fair 

2.72 

d. Barangay Sanitation                                      Fair 

2.80   

e. Household Waste                   

                   Satisfactory 

Table 2. presents the level of effectiveness of the solid waste management program of

Barangay Lumbia, Cagayan de Oro City shows that the household waste was rated

"Satisfactory" with a mean of 4. Furthermore, the information dissemination was rated

"Satisfactory" with a mean of 3.38. Moreover, the garbage collection was graded

"Satisfactory" with a mean of 3.09. Also, the barangay sanitation was graded "Fair" with a

mean of 2.80. Additionally, the availability or labeled trash bins has a mean of 2.72 (Fair). 

SUMMMARY 

Table 1. Summary

  Area                     f                       % 

        A                    49                    39.2% 

        B                    47                    37.6% 

        C                    26                    20.8% 

        1                    72                    57.6% 

        2                    82                    65.6% 

        3                   65                    52% 

4 87 69.6%

        5                 99                   79.2% 

Average 527 52.7%

The summary indicates that the Table 1. has an average percentage of 52.7%. This shows that

Barangay Lumbia, Cagayan de Oro City is effective in terms of solid waste management and

mechanism.  

Table 2. Household Rating 

     Area        Weighted Mean              Interpretation  

       A                3.38                Satisfactory 

       B                3.09                Satisfactory 

       C                2.72                Fair 

       D                2.80                Fair 

       E                4  Satisfactory 

  Average                3.19               Satisfactory 

In Table 2. Indicates that all areas have an average weighted mean of 3.19 labeled as

“Satisfactory”. This shows that the said barangay is aware and indeed has an effectiveness of

solid waste management program.  

 CHAPTER 5

Summary, Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations

This chapter presents the summary, findings, conclusions and recommendations.

Summary
 This study focused on how Barangay Lumbia, Cagayan De Oro City manages their

wastes. It is delimited in identifying the materials they are using in managing their wastes.

The researchers used descriptive design method.

The respondents of the study were the Household of Barangay Lumbia. The

researchers gathered data through face-to-face interviews and answering the survey

questionnaire.

Before the conduct, the researchers mailed a permission letter from the Principal's

Office and the Barangay Captain for the actual conduct of the study. Upon approval, the

researchers started to gather data through face-to-face interview using a survey questionnaire.

After the conduct of the study, the researchers analyze the data gathered.

Findings

Based on the interview and observation conducted by the researchers, the household

of Barangay Lumbia used the following ways of waste management:

1. Segregation

2. Recycling

3. Composting

4. Reuse

In addition, the researchers also observe that the household were using the following tools in

waste management :

1. Trash cans

2. Sacks
3. Dust pans

4. Drums

5. Plastic bags

Conclusions

Based on the data gathered of this study, the following conclusions were drawn:

1. Proper Waste Management depends on the people and on how they dispose of their

waste.

2. The community will have a clean environment if they do proper waste management.

3. Proper Waste Management plays a significant role in maintaining, preserving and

protecting our environment, our Mother Earth.

Recommendations

Based on the conclusion, the following recommendations were made:

1.The Barangay Government of Barangay Lumbia should take any and all necessary steps to

educate the public on segregating waste.

2. Promote reuse of materials and products by public education, and by establishing,

enhancing, and promoting these sales.

3. Create proper waste management workshops to train a new level of local expertise

including institutions.

4. The community should adopt a self-help approach to solve the problem and make sure that

they themselves adhere to proper waste disposal practices.

5. People should develop proper attitudes and perception towards waste handling, which

should be achieved through both formal and informal education.

6. Make proper waste management a policy or regulation to be followed by every household.

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