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    Lecture 17 IO Interface

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    Akshat Keshari
    The document discusses input and output devices and interfaces. It describes various input devices like keyboards, card readers, and mice and output devices like printers, plotters, and displays. It explains that I/O interfaces provide a method to transfer information between internal storage and external devices by resolving differences in data transfer rates, representations, and units of information. Peripherals are usually slower than the CPU. The document also discusses I/O buses, memory buses, isolated I/O vs memory mapped I/O, and how I/O interfaces use control and status registers to program ports and transfer data between devices and CPU.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Lecture 17 IO Interface

    Uploaded by

    Akshat Keshari
    23 views8 pages
    The document discusses input and output devices and interfaces. It describes various input devices like keyboards, card readers, and mice and output devices like printers, plotters, and displays. It explains that I/O interfaces provide a method to transfer information between internal storage and external devices by resolving differences in data transfer rates, representations, and units of information. Peripherals are usually slower than the CPU. The document also discusses I/O buses, memory buses, isolated I/O vs memory mapped I/O, and how I/O interfaces use control and status registers to program ports and transfer data between devices and CPU.

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    Lecture 17 IO Interface (1)

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    The document discusses input and output devices and interfaces. It describes various input devices like keyboards, card readers, and mice and output devices like printers, plotters, and displays. It explains that I/O interfaces provide a method to transfer information between internal storage and external devices by resolving differences in data transfer rates, representations, and units of information. Peripherals are usually slower than the CPU. The document also discusses I/O buses, memory buses, isolated I/O vs memory mapped I/O, and how I/O interfaces use control and status registers to program ports and transfer data between devices and CPU.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    23 views8 pages

    Lecture 17 IO Interface

    Uploaded by

    Akshat Keshari
    The document discusses input and output devices and interfaces. It describes various input devices like keyboards, card readers, and mice and output devices like printers, plotters, and displays. It explains that I/O interfaces provide a method to transfer information between internal storage and external devices by resolving differences in data transfer rates, representations, and units of information. Peripherals are usually slower than the CPU. The document also discusses I/O buses, memory buses, isolated I/O vs memory mapped I/O, and how I/O interfaces use control and status registers to program ports and transfer data between devices and CPU.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 8

    Input/Output Organization 1

    Lecture 34
    Peripheral Devices
    Input Devices Output Devices
    • Keyboard • Card Puncher, Paper Tape Puncher
    • Optical input devices • CRT
    - Card Reader • Printer (Impact, Ink Jet, Laser, Dot Matrix)
    - Paper Tape Reader • Plotter
    - Bar code reader • Analog
    - Digitizer • Voice
    - Optical Mark Reader
    • Magnetic Input Devices
    - Magnetic Stripe Reader
    • Screen Input Devices
    - Touch Screen
    - Light Pen
    - Mouse
    • Analog Input Devices
    Input/Output Organization 2
    Lecture 34
    I/O Interface
    • Provides a method for transferring information between internal
    storage (such as memory and CPU registers) and external I/O
    devices
    • Resolves the differences between the computer and peripheral
    devices
    – Peripherals - Electromechanical Devices
    – CPU or Memory - Electronic Device

    – Data Transfer Rate


    • Peripherals - Usually slower
    • CPU or Memory - Usually faster than peripherals
    – Some kinds of Synchronization mechanism may be needed

    – Unit of Information
    • Peripherals – Byte, Block, …
    • CPU or Memory – Word

    – Data representations may differ


    Peripherals are usually slower as compared to CPU.

    True
    False
    Input/Output Organization 4
    Lecture 34
    I/O Bus and Interface
    I/O bus
    Data
    Processor Address
    Control

    Interface Interface Interface Interface

    Keyboard
    and Printer Magnetic Magnetic
    display disk tape
    terminal

    Each peripheral has an interface module associated with it

    Interface
    - Decodes the device address (device code)
    - Decodes the commands (operation)
    - Provides signals for the peripheral controller
    - Synchronizes the data flow and supervises
    the transfer rate between peripheral and CPU or Memory
    Typical I/O instruction
    Op. code Device address Function code
    (Command)
    Input/Output Organization 5
    Lecture 34
    I/O Bus and Memory Bus
    Functions of Buses

    • MEMORY BUS is for information transfers between CPU and the MM


    • I/O BUS is for information transfers between CPU and I/O devices through
    their I/O interface
    • Many computers use a common single bus system for both memory and
    I/O interface units
    - Use one common bus but separate control lines for each function
    - Use one common bus with common control lines for both functions
    •Some computer systems use two separate buses, one to communicate
    with memory and the other with I/O interfaces
    - Communication between CPU and all interface units is via a common I/O Bus
    - An interface connected to a peripheral device may have a number of data
    registers , a control register, and a status register
    - A command is passed to the peripheral by sending to the appropriate interface
    register
    - Function code and sense lines are not needed (Transfer of data, control,
    and status information is always via the common I/O Bus)
    Input/Output Organization 6
    Lecture 34
    Isolated vs. Memory Mapped I/O
    Isolated I/O
    - Separate I/O read/write control lines in addition to memory read/write
    control lines
    - Separate (isolated) memory and I/O address spaces
    - Distinct input and output instructions

    Memory-mapped I/O
    - A single set of read/write control lines
    (no distinction between memory and I/O transfer)
    - Memory and I/O addresses share the common address space
    -> reduces memory address range available
    - No specific input or output instruction
    -> The same memory reference instructions can
    be used for I/O transfers
    - Considerable flexibility in handling I/O operations
    ……….. Provides signals for the peripheral controller

    a) CPU
    b) MEMORY
    c) REGISTER
    d) INTERFACE
    Input/Output Organization 8
    Lecture 34
    I/O Interface
    Port A I/O data

    Bidirectional register
    Bus
    data bus buffers
    Port B I/O data
    register
    CPU
    Chip select I/O
    CS
    Register select
    Control Control Device
    RS1 Timing
    Register select register
    RS0 and
    I/O read Control
    RD Status Status
    I/O write
    WR register

    CS RS1 RS0 Register selected


    0 x x None - data bus in high-impedence
    1 0 0 Port A register
    1 0 1 Port B register
    1 1 0 Control register
    1 1 1 Status register

    - CPU initializes(loads) each port by transferring a byte to the Control Register


    → Allows CPU can define the mode of operation of each port
    → Programmable Port: By changing the bits in the control register, it is possible to change the
    interface characteristics

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