Jimma University

Department of psychology

INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY FINAL EXAM

Time allowed : 1:15’

Name_____________________________Id.No______________Department _____________

PART I. MATCHING ITEMS: MATCH BRANCHES OF PSYCHOLOGY GIVEN UNDER COLUMN ‘’B “WITH THE AREA ON WHICH THEY
FOCUS GIVEN UNDER COLUMN ‘’A’’. YOU CAN USE ITEMS GIVEN UNDER COLUMN ‘’B’’ ONCE, MORE THAN ONCE OR NOT AT ALL. (2
points each)

Column ‘’A’’ Column ‘’B’’

____1. Study age related behavioral changes in human development A. Abnormal psychology
____2. Study how behavior is affected by environment. B. Biological psychology
____3. Studies how human behavior is affected by hormones, nerves and glands. C. Clinical psychology
____4. Deals with abnormal patterns of functioning with the objective of identifying D. Counseling psychology
their cause.
____5. Deals with abnormal patterns of functioning with the objective of relieving E. Developmental psychology
them.
F. Environmental psychology

PART II: MULTIPLE CHOICES:CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER AND WRITE THE LETTER OF YOUR CHOICE ONLY ON THE
SEPARATE ANSWER SHEET.
____6. You were sick of malaria, now all insects scare you. This is an example of
A. Acquisition C. spontaneous recovery
B. Extinction D. Stimulus generalization
E. Stimulus discrimination
____7. Which one of the following statements is true about the three stages of memory?
A. Sensory memory is memory of information for few minutes
B. STM memories are as brief as sensory memory
C. Sensory registor/memory acts as a temporary storehouse for small amount of information
D. Unless information is important it its quickly removed from LTM and will be forever lost
E. STM is brief, easily interrupted and limited in size.
____8. A mother has been trying to get her son to clean up his room each week. The child was told he would have to wash the dishes on Saturday
if he did not clean his room by the end of the week. The mother is using which of the following?
A. Positive reinforcement C. Negative reinforcement
B. Shaping D. Negative punishment
E. classical conditioning
____9. Many fathers find that once their baby learns to say "daddy" they begin to call all men by this name. This is an example of:
A. Acquisition                         C.     Extinction
B. Stimulus generalization D.    Stimulus discrimination
E. Spontaneous recovery
____10. Kassa is not allowed to go out and play with his friends, but when his parents are in good mood he asks if he can play. This indicates
A. Acquisition                         C.     Extinction
B. Stimulus generalization D.    Stimulus discrimination
E. Spontaneous recovery
____11. When older siblings help their younger siblings learn which behaviors will be punished and which will be reinforced, the younger siblings
experience
A. Observational learning C. Operant conditioning
B. Classical conditioning D. A and B
E. All of the above
____12. If taking a nap in the mid day often relieved you from frequent headache, then being relieved from headache, here served as
A. Positive Reinforcer C. Positive Punisher
B. Negative Reinforcer D. Negative Punisher
E. Stimulus Discrimination
____13. Zeritu watches her mother slap her little brother Teklu to get him to shut up. Later when Teklu begins screaming, Zeritu slaps him. Which
theory best explains zeritu\s behavior?

A. Observational learning C. Operant conditioning

B. Classical conditioning D. A and B
E. All of the above
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____14. Watching the night sky for shooting stars is likely to be reinforced by a _____________ schedule.

A. FR B. VR C.FI D.VI
____15. The major difference between a conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus is

A. The order in which they are presented

B. That one reliably elicits response prior to conditioning while the other does not

C. That during conditioning the response to one increases while the response to other decreases

D. The strength of response that each stimulus elicits

E. All except C

____16. A child is praised for uttering meaningful words by his parents; this helps the child to be fluent in his language skills. This is best explained
by one of the following theory:

A. observational learning C. classical conditioning theory

B. social comparison theory D. social exchange theory

E . instrumental conditioning theory

____17. As a whole, Pavlovian conditioning is about:

A. Modification of behavior by reinforcement

B. An anticipatory biological response
C. Any influence upon learned behavior by reflexes
D. Learning from the effects of behavior
E. Establishing a connection between behavior and its consequences

____18. A tone which predicts a puff of air elicits an eye blink. What is the puff of air?

A. The neutral stimulus

B. The UCR
C. The CS
D. The CR
E. The UCS

____19. You had a car crash; now all cars scare you. ------------ is occurring.

A. Extinction
B. Discrimination
C. Secondary reinforcement
D. Generalization
E. Punishment

____20. Procedural memory, unlike declarative memory....

A. Records facts
B. Preserves images
C. Includes sounds and smells
D. Involves the hippocampus
E. Involves sequences or routines
____21. What is a formal definition of "operant"?

A. A contingent or noncontingent stimulus-induced response

B. A behavior
C. A discriminative stimulus

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 D. A behavior under the control of a stimulus
E. A class of behaviors with an equivalent effect on the environment

____22. To what does the term "positive" refer, in the term "positive reinforcement"?

A. Pleasant emotions
B. Logical positivism
C. The scientist's assumption that the procedure will increase frequency of behavior
D. The application or addition of a stimulus to a situation
E. An excitatory influence on neurons

____23. Negative reinforcement...

A. Increases the rate of behavior

B. Involves following a behavior with a noxious or aversive stimulus
C. Is a form of punishment
D. Requires an extinction period

____24. What is true of differential reinforcement, but not true of shaping (the method of successive approximations)?

A. Reinforcement is used
B. A combination of positive and negative reinforcement may be used
C. Not every response is reinforced
D. The desired response already occurs
E. An S- is used

____25. How can something intended as a punisher actually function as a reinforcer?

A. If frequency of the "punished" behavior goes up

B. If it comes too late after the behavior
C. If shaping is used
D. If punishment is actually desired by the child
E. If the child is on a DRO schedule

____26. What is the main difference between classical and operant conditioning?

A. Classical focuses on involuntary behaviors but operant conditioning focuses on voluntary behaviors.

B. Classical focuses on voluntary behaviors but operant conditioning focuses on involuntary behaviors.

C. The organism is passive in operant conditioning

D. Classical works on animals; operant works on humans.

____27. Which of the following schedule of reinforcement is preferable to teach an organism new behavior?

A. FR B. VR C.FI D.VI
____28. B.F. Skinner’s famous Skinner box was used to train animals using the principles of:

A. classical conditioning B Operant conditioning c.IPT d D.observational learing

____29. A man salivating at a bottle of coca-cola is:

a. classical conditioning B Operant conditioning c. IPT d observational learing

____30. Professor X recently published an article in a scientific journal entitled, "characteristics of human development during childhood period."  
Which type of psychologist is Professor X?

A. Social C. Forensic
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 B. Clinical D. Developmental
E. None of the above
____31. A psychologist using ‘’an early system of psychology study’s people’s internal and unresolved childhood wishes and desires; what system
do you believe this psychologist is using
A. Functionalism C. Gestalt
B. Structuralism D. Behaviorism
E. Psychoanalysis
____32. Taitu recently received a phone call with the very sad news that her father had died.   Now every time the phone rings, Taitu feels fearful
and sad.  In this example, the "news that her father had died" served as the
A. Conditioned Stimulus C. Unconditioned Stimulus
B. Conditioned Response D. Conditioned Response
E. Stimulus Discrimination
____33. Which of the following is the process of gaining access to information that has been stored in memory?

A. Encoding C. Retrieval
B. Repression D. Storage
E. Memory
____34. Memory of steps needed in riding bicycle is
A. Semantic memory C. Procedural memory
B. Episodic memory D. All
____35. Relatively, which of the following stores information for a very short time
A. Sensory memory C. Procedural memory
B. Short term memory D. Episodic memory
E. Long term memory

____36. Teklu checks his e-mail several times throughout the day. Some days there is mail each time he checks, sometimes several days go by with
no new messages arriving. In this example, Teklu’s behavior of checking his e-mail is being reinforced through
A. FR B. VR C.FI D.VI

____37. The schedule of reinforcement associated with playing cards(in gambling) is

A. Observational learning C. Operant conditioning
B. Classical conditioning D. A and B
E. All of the above
____38. Operant conditioning technique of successive approximation to the desired behavior is:
A. Positive reinforcement C. Negative reinforcement
B. Shaping D. Negative punishment
A. classical conditioning
____39. Many fathers find that once their baby learns to say "babba" they begin to call all men by this name. This is an example of:
A. Acquisition                         C.     Extinction
B. Stimulus generalization D.    Stimulus discrimination
F. Spontaneous recovery
____40. Ivan Pavlov was the founder of :
A. Observational learning C. Operant conditioning
B. Classical conditioning D. A and B
E. All of the above

____41. For S. Freud, which of the following works according to reality principle?

A. ID B. Ego C. Super ego D.all

PART TWO: SHORT ANSWER

____42. Chala is a 10th grade student from Jimma high school. He successively scored a lowest mark in mathematics test three times and hated the
subject. He also hated physics because of its similarity with mathematics but he did not hate chemistry though it has similarity. Based on this
case identify
A. The unconditioned stimulus ____________________________________________
B. The unconditioned response____________________________________________
C. The conditioned stimulus____________________________________________
D. The conditioned response____________________________________________
E. Stimulus generalization____________________________________________
F. Stimulus discrimination____________________________________________
G. Previously neutral stimulus____________________________________________
____43. what are the four important things for learning according to A.Bandura’s theory of learning
____44. 1. Daniel is the 9th grade student. He has successively scored the lowest mark in mathematics and he hated mathematics as a result
of this. Next, he hated mathematics teacher simply since he teaches mathematics. Besides, he also hated physics and chemistry since they have
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 similarity with mathematics but he did not hate geography though it has some similarity with mathematics around map reading part. Next he
also hate the son of physics teacher.Finally , he stopped hating and started studying until he suddenly insulted math teacher on final exam in next
semester.
____45. In this short story:
What is?
A. Unconditioned stimulus? Low score in math
B. Unconditioned response?
C. Conditioned stimulus?
D. Conditioned response
E. Generalization
F. Discrimination
G. Extinction
H. Spontaneous recovery
I. Higher order conditioning