Week 1 - Opportunities, Challenges, and The Power of Media and Information

Media power has become so potent nowadays that it can easily influence people positively and/or negatively. We
also live in a society that depends on the media as a source of entertainment and information. Media like
television enhances our knowledge by providing access to information all over the world.

Media - refers to tools of mass communication consist of television, radio, newspapers, magazines and internet
such as: Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Instagram, Google and other Social Networking sites. Broadcasting,
Advertising, Visual Representations, Pictures or Images, Graphics, Videos, or even Movies are form of social media
where people can use and see.

Information - is the soul of media

Media and Information

 show concrete relationship and create a sensitive impact on people 
 possess power to provide information and interpretations, power to set agendas, power to affect one's
attitude and behavior, and power to educate its users. Media and information can be very influential on
society in both positive and negative ways. It create a significant impact to different aspects of our lives:

The Opportunities

POLITICAL (Politics and Governance)

 Brings politicians and parties closer to potential voters
 Allows politicians to communicate faster
 Posts messages to personal networks are multiplied when shared
 Enhances political coordination in the development of social economic policy

SOCIAL (Citizen Engagement and Social Change)

 Gives way to keep in touch with people
 Enables to share informative, fun and interesting content

ECONOMIC (Business and Marketing)

 Provides economic actors accurate and timely information to allocate resources efficiently

EDUCATIONAL
 Uses video- a compelling tool for educational representation
 Students’ project
 Teachers’ study pedagogy
 Researchers’ capture and examine how learning happened as they unfold

The Challenges
 PHISHING - A cyber-attack that uses disguised email as a weapon. The goal is to trick the email
recipient into believing that the message is something they want or need — a request from their
 bank, for instance, or a note from someone in their company — and to click a link or download an
attachment.
 FAKE NEWS - social media has made it very easy to spread information quickly. Because Facebook and
Twitter timelines move so quickly, viewers don’t often verify what they’ve seen. A great deal of content is
also spread through images and memes, which may or may not be based on valid information.
 Human Trafficking - The trade of humans for the purpose of forced labor, sexual slavery, or commercial
sexual exploitation for the trafficker or others. This may encompass providing a spouse in the context of
forced marriage, or the extraction of organs or tissues, including for surrogacy and ova removal.
 Cyber Bullying - is the use of technology to repeatedly and intentionally harass, hurt, embarrass,
humiliate, or intimidate another person.
Week 2 - The Current and Future Trends of Media and Information

Massive Open Online Courses

EDUCAUSE, a nonprofit organization composed of IT leaders and professionals, defines MOOC as “a model for
delivering learning content online to any person who wants to take a course, with no limit on attendance.”
Furthermore, MOOCs can be characterized by the following:
1. A revolutionary approach to education that transitions from physical setting to a virtual set-up
2. A kind of learning that is facilitated online, breaking the norm of having to physically go to traditional
schools or universities for higher education
3. Utilizes information technologies like analytics to help instructors evaluate their students’ learning
4. Emphasizes connectedness (Gonzales, 2016)

Features that are typically required for a course to be considered an MOOC:

1. Massive - It should allow access to a very large number of students, much larger than a face-to-face class,
or a traditional online course. It can even reach up to 500,000 learners or more!
2. Open – It does not have an admission process nor qualifications to be able to register or enroll. MOOCs
being open also means free and open access to educational resources hosted in varied online places.
3. Online – The course is done remotely via the Internet and does not require physical attendance at a
classroom which also means that anyone from anywhere around the world with an Internet connection
can avail of these courses.
4. Courses - It should have learning objectives to be achieved by students after certain activities within a
given period of time.

MOOCs offer a strong starting point for a number of reasons, including:

1. Lack of entry requirements – MOOC can be taken by anyone who is interested in the subject matter and
able to access the course, regardless of age, background, or location
2. Repetition – MOOC will often run two or three times a year, ensuring that students won’t miss their
chance
3. High quality – MOOCs are led by subject matter experts (SMEs) and supported by teaching assistants, so
that students have access to first-rate educational resources
4. Feasibility – MOOC usually necessitates around 1-2 hours of study a week for about 5 weeks, making
learning doable for students with busy lives
5. Self-paced but supported learning – MOOC enables students to work through the course materials and
assessments at their own rates while also interacting with a global learning community (Kurt, 2018).

Wearable Technology - Also known as wearables or fashion technology, wearable technology is a general term
which encompasses a field of smart devices that are worn on the body. This technology is also considered as a
trend in media and information as with it, people and access information through media in a much faster manner.
According to Wearable Devices magazine (Liquigan, 2016), the characteristics of wearable include the following:
• Performing computer-related tasks such as laptops and mobile phones
• Provide sensory and scanning features
• Have some form of communication capability and will allow the wearer access to information in real
time
• Data-input capabilities
 • Local storage capabilities

1. Smartwatch - are wrist-worn devices that connect to your mobile phone. As they are synced to your
smart phone, it allows you to see notifications on your wrist at a glance. This technology eases the burden
of having to constantly open and check your smartphone text messages, e-mails, or other notifications.
2. Fitness tracker and sports watches - for formal training or just trying to be active and fit, fitness trackers
and sports watches help you get a better understanding of your fitness activities. According to GCF Global,
they can track the number of steps you take, your average heart rate, how long you sleep, and more.
3. Smart glasses – brings wireless connectivity and imaging into the frames and lenses of our eyewear,
controls that we can only usually do on our smartphones and computers.
4. Hearables - work just like the traditional earphones and headphones but are already wireless and are
worn in the ear.
5. VR Headsets - VR or Virtual Reality headsets are devices connected to a PC/games console and show you
a computer-generated virtual reality that fools your sight and your brain into thinking you are in a
different scenario.

3D Environment

3D or three-dimensional in its literal sense refers to anything that has a width, height, and depth (Gonzales, 2016).
The physical world, the realm we live in including us humans, are examples of 3D environments. This technological
concept of a 3D environment is explored to imitate and simulate the physical world through media
Ubiquitous Learning - Ubiquitous Learning or u-learning is a kind of e-learning experience that “implies a vision of
learning which is connected across all the stages on which we play out our lives.
U-learning is a kind of wireless modality where learning takes place at anytime, anywhere, and with anyone. It
benefits from the use of technologies to implement the learning activities and achieve learning objectives.

Paperless Society - a society where communication and transactions are done electronically or digitally and all
forms of printed communication have become obsolete. It is characterized by the shift from letters to e-mails,
newspapers to news web pages, books to e-books, and so on.
Week 3 - Implications of Media and Information to You and the Society

A. Pre-Spanish Era – knowledge was passed on through folk media and indigenous forms of media. Careers:
Town crier, messenger, community scribe.
B. Spanish Era – while education was limited to the elite, publication of books (i.e., Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo) and newspapers (La Solidaridad) advanced the Propaganda movement which led to the
people’s revolution against Spanish rule. Filipinos at that time did not have a common language. Only the
elite spoke and understood Spanish. Thus, communication was limited. Pen names were used to avoid
political oppression. Careers: book writers, newspaper writer, editor, publisher, copyreader, artist.
C. American and Japanese Era - During this era, major newspaper (i.e. Manila Times and Manila Bulletin),
radio broadcasting and movies became available. Media was used for propaganda by government and
other groups. Careers: book writers, newspaper writer, editor, publisher, copyreader, artist, cartoonist,
reporter, producer, broadcaster.
D. Post-war Era – the golden age of Philippine Journalism. Advertising, Communication Education, and press
freedom flourished in this era. Careers: book writers, newspaper writer, editor, publisher, copyreader,
artist, cartoonist, reporter, producer, media technicians, advertisers.
E. Martial Law Era - Highlights of this era include the government takeover of media and the press and the
image engineering of the Marcoses in the name of nationalism.
F. Post-EDSA Era - People Power brought greater freedom for Philippine media. During this era, the new
Constitution recognized the vital role of communication and information in nation building. Press freedom
influenced the growth in media careers.
G. Modern Era – Careers: web designer, online instructors, digital producers, bloggers, animators,
programmer, archivist, metadata analyst, data miner, user experience designer, call center agents, virtual
assistants.

PEOPLE IN MEDIA VS. PEOPLE AS MEDIA

People in Media – they are the people behind another form of media. They use other forms of media such as text
media, visual media, multimedia, etc. in disseminating information and imparting knowledge.
• Media practitioners
• Provide information coming from their expert knowledge or first- hand experience of events

TYPES OF JOURNALISTS BY MEDIUM

• Print Journalists
• Photojournalists
• Broadcast Journalists
• Multimedia
• Journalist

People as Media – they are the MEDIA itself. The person serves as the medium for another person to learn or
acquire new knowledge.

PEOPLE AS MEDIA - People media is an assembly of people with a common interest where they become the main
means of mass communication. In other words, people are media themselves since they have the ability for mass
communication.
 • Opinion Leaders
o Highly exposed to and actively using media
o Source of viable interpretation of messages for lower-end media users
o Opinions are accepted by a group
• Citizen Journalism
o People without professional journalism training can use the tools of modern technology and
internet to create, augment or fact-check media on their own or in collaboration with others.
• Social Journalism
o Journalists are using social media to make their content available to more people.
• Crowdsourcing
o The practice of obtaining needed services, ideas, or content by soliciting contributions from a
large group of people and especially from the online community.

SOCIAL MEDIA
Social media is a catch-all term for a variety of internet applications that allow users to create content and interact
with each other. This interaction can take many forms, but some common types include:
• Sharing links to interesting content produced by third parties
• Public updates to a profile, including information on current activities and even location data
• Sharing photos, videos and posts
• Commenting on the photos, posts, updates, videos and links shared by others

CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL MEDIA

• Individualized, builds profiles (includes personal details, pictures, likes)
• Connects with friends and people (includes referrals by other friends or by the site itself)
• Uploads content in real time
• Enables conversations (both private and public)
• Provides tracking (history and threads)

FORMATS & EXAMPLES OF SOCIAL MEDIA

• Relationship or Social networks – Facebook
• Micro-blogging – Twitter, Instagram
• Special interest networks – Linkedin, Pinterest
• Media Sharing – YouTube, Flickr, TikTok
• Collaborative news -Reddit, Waze,
• Discussion Forums – Google Groups
• Group buying/merchant sites – OLX, Groupon, Dealgrocer
• Virtual worlds – Farmville, World of Warcraft, Secondlife, Minecraft

AREAS ADVANTAGES LIMITATIONS

Relationships People who are physically part can continue at a Demands on relationships-building
lower cost, send pictures, use live streaming, increase with social media. People
thereby strengthening the ties between them. expect friends and family to
 respond immediately. Some private
conversation can be made
vulnerable to exposure.
Diversion/Entertainment Social media can provide great entertainment This form of entertainment can
and allow users to have a respite from their often be addictive. Others find it
busy schedule more difficult to manage their time
wisely and to focus on the task at
hand.
Learning Social media provides a platform for real time Teachers need to develop skills for
collaborative learning. Resources can be made a more inclusive and personalized
readily available. Learners can take control of way of facilitated learning. Not all
their own learning. information is valid, accurate or
beneficial.
Recognition Instant recognition by the way of simply liking a Social media has created a specific
post can be very gratifying and encouraging. need for validation and attention.
Career Progression It has become easier to market oneself through There is no separation of private
social media. Connections and referrals are and professional. What is posted
established more quickly. about the private self may affect
the professional.
Week 4 – Text Information and Media

Text –a simple and flexible format of presenting information or conveying ideas whether hand written, printed or
displayed on screen.

• Formal text-based materials are created and distributed by established institutions (such as
publishing companies, news agencies, etc.) and go through a rigorous process of editing or evaluation
and are usually governed by censorship of the state.
• Informal text-based materials, on the other hand, come from personal opinions or views on different
issues, processes, etc

As a consumer, these are the questions that you need to ask with regards to the content of text media and
information:
Who or what institution is sending this message?
 What techniques are used to attract and hold attention?
 What is the language used by the writer?
 What views are represented? Are they balanced?
 How might the message be interpreted in different ways?
 What is omitted, slurred or added in the message

Typeface - (also called font, font type, or type) refers to the representation or style of a text in the digital format. A
typeface is usually comprised of alphabets, numbers, punctuation marks, symbols and other special characters.
When fonts are installed in the computer, they usually come in file formats such as True Type Font (.ttf), Open
Type Font (.otf), etc.

Types of Typeface
• Serif - connotes formality and readability in large number of texts. This font is usually used for the body
text of books, newspapers, magazines and research publication. Also, serif fonts give a classic or elegant
look when used for title or heading.
Examples: Times New Roman, Garamond, Baskerville
• Sans serif - brings a clean or minimalist look to the text. This font is used for clear and direct meaning of
text such as road signage, building directory or nutrition facts in food packages. Also, sans serif fonts give
a modern look and is used primarily in webpage design.
Examples: Arial, Helvetica, Tahoma, Verdana, Calibri
• Slab serif- carries a solid or heavy look to text. This font can be used for large advertising sign on
billboards.
Examples: Rockwell, Playbill, Blackoak
• Script- draws much attention to itself because of its brush-like strokes. This must be used sparingly and
not to be used in large body text. This font is usually used in wedding invitation cards or other formal
events.
Examples: Edwardian, Vladimir, Kunstler
• Decorative Display or decorative- caters to a wide variety of emotions (such as celebration, fear, horror,
etc.) or themes (such as cowboys, circus, holidays, summer, kiddie, etc.)
Examples: Chiller, Jokerman, Curlz MT
Design principles and elements
1. Emphasis - refers to the importance or value given to a part of the text-based content. When trying to
make a point or highlighting a message, you can make the text bold, italicized, have a heavier weight,
darkened or lightened (depending on your background color) or enlarged.
2. Appropriateness - refers to how fitting or suitable the text is used for a specific audience, purpose or
event. In the creation of text-based content, make sure that the selection criteria (tone, style, purpose,
clarity) is followed. As for the choice of typefaces to be used, refer to the discussion of the characteristics
of the fonts. When it comes to large body text, the font should be clear enough to read.
3. Proximity - refers to how near or how far are the text elements from each other. When two things are
closely related, we bring them close together. Otherwise, we put text elements far from each other. For
example, the main title and subtitle are usually placed close to each other.
4. Alignment - refers to how the text is positioned in the page. This can be left, right, center or justified.
5. Organization - refers to a conscious effort to organize the different text elements in a page. Organization
ensures that while some text elements are separated from each other (based on the principle of
proximity), they are still somehow connected with the rest of the elements in the page. When there are
many elements needed to fit in a page, start by creating a framework or a compartment for the elements.
Divide the space by creating lines across the page, making it look like a cabinet with various space sizes.
Once you are done compartmentalizing, you can place the different text elements on the boxes.
6. Repetition- concerns consistency of elements and the unity of the entire design. Repetition encourages
the use of repeating some typefaces within the page.When several typefaces are used on a page, it might
distract the audience and fail to communicate what you want them to get from the content. To strike a
balance, do not also use just a single typeface for a visual design product.
7. Contrast- creates visual interest to text elements. Contrast is achieved when two elements are different
from each other. When you place a white text on a very light-yellow background, contrast is not achieved
and the text will be difficult to read, but when you put a white text on a dark brown background, contrast
is created. Contrast can be achieved in various ways, by joining the following elements: large font with a
small font, serif and sans serif, thin elements with thin elements, cool color and warm color.
Week 5 - Visual Information and Media

Visual media - are sources of information in the form of visual representations. These can be abstractions,
analogues, rough illustrations, or digital reproductions of the objects. Visual message design is a symbol with
meaning.

Information Graphics or Infographics - are graphic visual representations of Information, data or knowledge
intended to present information quickly and clearly.

Visual media and information – materials, programs, applications and the like that teachers and students use to
formulate new information to aid learning through the use, analysis, evaluation and production of visual images.
Types of visual media – photography, video, screenshots, infographics, data visualization (charts and graphs),
comic strips/cartoons, memes, visual note-taking, etc.

Common Visual Media File Types

1. JPEG (also known as JPG), file types ending in .jpg JPEG stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group,
which created this standard for this type of image formatting. JPEG files are images that have been
compressed to store a lot of information in a small-size file. Most digital cameras store photos in JPEG
format, because then you can take more photos on one camera card than you can with other formats.
2. TIFF (also known as TIF), file types ending in .tif TIFF stands for Tagged Image File Format. TIFF images
create very large file sizes. TIFF images are uncompressed and thus contain a lot of detailed image data
(which is why the files are so big) TIFFs are also extremely flexible in terms of color (they can be grayscale,
or CMYK for print, or RGB for web) and content (layers, image tags).
3. GIF, file types ending in .gif GIF stands for Graphic Interchange Format. This format compresses images
but, as different from JPEG, the compression is lossless (no detail is lost in the compression, but the file
can’t be made as small as a JPEG).GIFs also have an extremely limited color range suitable for the web but
not for printing. This format is never used for photography, because of the limited number of colors. GIFs
can also be used for animations.
4. PNG, file types ending in .png PNG stands for Portable Network Graphics. It was created as an open
format to replace GIF, because the patent for GIF was owned by one company and nobody else wanted to
pay licensing fees. It also allows for a full range of color and better compression. It’s used almost
exclusively for web images, never for print images. For photographs, PNG is not as good as JPEG, because
it creates a larger file. But for images with some text, or line art, it’s better, because the images look less
“bitmappy.”
5. BMP. Short for "Bitmap." It can be pronounced as "bump," "B-M-P," or 18 simply a "bitmap image." The
BMP format is a commonly used raster graphic format for saving image files. It was introduced on the
Windows platform, but is now recognized by many programs on both Macs and PCs.

Formally and informally produced visual media – visual media produced by formal organizations such as schools,
government, and established media/publishing outfits are considered formally produced. Other visual media are
considered informally produced.
Purpose of visual information – the primary purpose of visual information is to gain attention, create meaning,
and facilitate retention. (Show at least one example for each purpose and ask learners their reactions or responses
to each one).

Visual design elements - the building blocks or basic units in the construction of a visual image. (Show visual media
and information that incorporates most of the design elements. Point out why these elements are important).

The Design Elements are:

a. Line – describes a shape or outline. It can create texture and can be thick or thin. Lines may be actual,
implied, vertical, horizontal, diagonal, or contour lines.
b. Shape – usually a geometric area that stands out from the space next to or around it, or because of
differences in value, color, or texture. Shape may also be organic.
c. Value – the degree of light and dark in a design. It is the contrast between black and white and all the
tones in between. Value can be used with color as well as black and white. Contrast is the extreme
changes between values.
d. Texture – the way a surface feels or is perceived to feel. Texture can be added to attract or repel interest
to a visual element. Visual texture is the illusion of the surfaces peaks and valleys, resulting in a feeling of
smoothness or roughness in objects.
e. Color – determined by its hue (name of color), intensity (purity of the hue), and value (lightness or
darkness of hue). Color and color combination can play a large role in the design. Color may be used for
emphasis, or may elicit emotions from viewers. Color maybe warm, cool, or neutral. It plays a major role
in our visual perception, as it influences our reactions about the world around us. It is therefore important
to create color palettes that evoke the appropriate audience reactions. Color has three properties.
f. Form – a figure having volume and thickness. An illusion of a 3-dimensional object can be implied with the
use of light and shading. Form can be viewed from many angles.

Design Principles and Elements - are the building blocks used to create a work of art. The elements of design can
be thought of as the things that make up a painting, drawing, design etc. Good or bad - all paintings will contain
most of if not all, the seven elements of design. The Principles of design can be thought of as what we do to the
elements of design. How we apply the Principles of design determines how successful we are in creating a work of
art.

Visual Design Principles are:

1. Consistency of margins, typeface, typestyle, and colors is necessary, especially in slide presentations or
documents that are more than one page.
2. Center of interest - an area that first attracts attention in a composition. This area is more important
when compared to the other objects or elements in a composition. This can be by contrast of values,
more colors, and placement in the format.
3. Balance - a feeling of visual equality in shape, form, value, color, etc. Balance can be symmetrical and
evenly balanced, or asymmetrical and unevenly balanced. Objects, values, colors, textures, shapes, forms,
etc. can be used in creating balance in a composition.
4. Harmony - brings together a composition with similar units. If for example your composition was using
wavy lines and organic shapes, you would stay with those types of lines and not put in just one geometric
shape.
5. Contrast - offers some change in value creating a visual discord in a composition. Contrast shows the
difference between shapes and can be used as a background to bring objects out and forward in a design.
It can also be used to create an area of emphasis.
6. Directional Movement - a visual flow through the composition. It can be the suggestion of motion in a
design as you move from object to object by way of placement and position. Directional movement can
be created with a value pattern. It is with the placement of dark and light areas that you can move your
attention through the format.
7. Rhythm - a movement in which some elements recur regularly. Like a dance, it will have a flow of objects
that will seem to be like the beat of music.
8. Perspective - created through the arrangement of objects in two-dimensional space to look like they
appear in real life. Perspective is a learned meaning of the relationship between different objects seen in
space.
Week 6 - Audio Information and Media

Audio media means prerecorded magnetic tapes used for noncommercial playback of sound on audio equipment.
“Audio equipment” means equipment used to play audio media and equipment used for recording sound for
subsequent noncommercial playback.

Types and Categories of Audio Information:

a. Radio broadcast - live or recorded audio sent through radio waves to reach a wide audience.
b. Music - vocal and/or instrumental sounds combined in such a way as to produce beauty of form,
harmony, and expression of emotion. It is composed and performed for many purposes, ranging from
aesthetic pleasure, religious or ceremonial purposes, or as an entertainment product.
c. Sound recording - recording of an interview, meeting, or any sound from the environment.
d. Sound clips/effects - any sound, other than music or speech, artificially reproduced to create an effect in a
dramatic presentation, as the sound of a storm or a creaking door.
e. Audio Podcast - a digital audio or video file or recording, usually part of a themed series, that can be
downloaded from a website to a media player or computer.

Different ways of storing audio media:

a. Tape - magnetic tape on which sound can be recorded.
b. CD - a plastic-fabricated, circular medium for recording, storing, and playing back audio, video, and
computer data.
c. USB drive - an external flash drive, small enough to carry on a key ring, that can be used with any
computer that has a USB port.
d. Memory Card - (aka flash memory card or storage card) is a small storage medium used to store data such
as text, pictures, audio, and video, for use on small, portable, or remote computing devices.
e. Computer hard drive - secondary storage devices for storing audio files.
f. Internet/Cloud - websites or file repositories for retrieving audio files, and more precisely the files are
stored in some datacenter full of servers that is connected to the Internet.

Different audio file formats:

a. MP3 (MPEG Audio Layer 3) - a common format for consumer audio, as well as a standard of digital audio
compression for the transfer and playback of music on most digital audio players.
b. M4A/AAC (MPEG-4 Audio/Advanced Audio Coding) - an audio coding standard for lossy digital audio
compression. Designed to be the successor of the MP3 format, AAC generally achieves better sound
quality than MP3 at similar bit rates.
c. WAV - is a Microsoft audio file format standard for storing an audio bitstream on PCs. It has become a
standard file format for game sounds, among others.
d. WMA (Windows Media Audio) - is an audio data compression technology developed by Microsoft and
used with Windows Media Player.

Design Principle and Elements Characteristic and Purposes of Sound

1. Volume - intensity of a sound
2. Tone - the audible characteristic of a sound
 3. Pitch - is how high or low a sound is
4. Loudness - refers to the magnitude of the sound heard.

Purposes of a sound:
1. Give instructions or information
2. Provide feedback
3. To personalize or customize

Elements of the Sound Design

1. Dialogue - speech, conversation, voice-over
2. Sound Effects - any sound other than music or dialogue
3. Music - vocal or instrumental sounds (or both) combined in such a way as to produce beauty of form,
harmony, and expression of emotion.

Principle of Sound Design

1. Mixing - the combination, balance and control of multiple sound elements
2. Pace - time control, editing, order of events (linear, non-linear or multi-linear)
3. Stereo imaging- Using left and right channel for depth. This refers to the aspect of sound recording and
reproduction.
4. Transition-how you get from one segment or element to another

Types of Transitions
1. Segue - one element stops, the next begins ("cut" in film).
2. Cross-fade - one element fades out, the next fades in, and they overlap on the way.
3. V-Fade - First element fades to inaudible before the second element begins.
4. Fade to Black - V-Fade with some silence between elements.
5. Effects – are animation options within a presentation.
6. Stereo Imaging - Using left and right channel for depth.
Week 7 - Motion Information and Media

Motion Media and Information Motion Media is visual media that gives the appearance of a movement can be a
collection of graphics, footage, videos. It is combined with audio, text and/or interactive content to create
multimedia.

2 Forms of Motion Media:

• Informal - created by individuals often for personal use
• Formal - created by professionals who follow industry standards in creating, editing and producing motion
media.

Steps in Formal Production of Animations:

• Writing the Story
• Script is written and dialogue is recorded
• Animators sketch major scenes, in between are fill in the gaps
• Background music and background details are added
• Drawings are rendered

Types of Motion Media

1. ANIMATION – Animated GIFs (Graphic Interchange Format), Flash, Shockwave, Dynamic HMTL
2. VIDEO FORMATS / VIDEO CODECS – MP4, DivX, MPG, 3GP, AVI, MKV, etc.

According to Purpose:
• Education
• Entertainment
• Advertising
According to Source:
• Personal
• Social Media
• Media Companies
According to Audience:
• Private / Public
• General / Directed Credibility of Motion Media
Determining the Credibility of Motion Media:
• Validity of Information
• Source
• Relationship of the Author to the event

Technical Methods to Detect Fake/Tampered Video:

1. Smoothness of the Video- This is often detected when movements are not smooth; when action seems to
jump from one position to another, as if some action was missing.
2. Lighting Coverage Matches - One way to detect lighting matches is to look at the shadows; the source of
light determines the size and direction of the shadow.
 3. Scale and Size Consistent - scale refers to how the size of the objects in reference to one another are near
the real thing.

Advantages of Motion Media:

• It captures motion in a manner that can be viewed repeatedly
• It can show processes in detail and in sequence
• It enables learning with emotions
• It can cut across different cultures and groups
• It allows scenes, history, events and phenomenon to be recreated

Limitations of Motion Media:

• Compared to other forms of visual media the viewer cannot always interrupt the presentation.
• It is often times more costly than other forms of visual media.
• Other data may be presented best using still images. Examples are graphs, diagrams, maps.
• It is subject to misinterpretation.

Elements of Motion Media

• Speed– A fast movement gives vigor and vitality, intensifying emotions. A slow movement connotes
lethargy, solemnity or sadness.
• Direction– indicates movement from one direction to another. It can also refer to the growing or
shrinking of an object.
• Timing –can be objective or subjective. Objective timing can be measured in minutes, seconds, days, etc.
Subjective timing is psychological or felt. Timing can be used to clarify or intensify the message or the
event. Using a pause can help time the events.
• Transition –used to switch between scenes.
• Sound and Color– adds meaning to the motion
• Blurring – Inanimation, blurring can provide the illusion of fast movement. In videos, it is often used to
censor information for security or decency.
Week 8 - Manipulative Information and Media

There are two types of Manipulatives media the traditional and digital.
• Traditional Manipulative Media - is actually being used in certain schools, wherein they use different
materials that the students can use to have a hands-on experience regarding the lesson.
• Digital Manipulatives - are computationally enhanced versions of physical objects, created in an effort to
expand the range of concepts that children can explore through direct manipulation.

Interactive Media - a method of communication in which the program's outputs depend on the user's inputs, and
the user's inputs in turn affect the program's outputs. Interactive media engage the user and interact with him or
her in a way that non-interactive media do not. Websites and video games are two common types of interactive
media.

Example
1. Social media (Facebook) - sent friend request; responded to friend request; liked a post; followed a site;
commented on a friend's post; uploaded a file; chat with a friend; sent private message.
2. Online booking - search for flights; booked a flight and paid through credit card; web-check-in.

Platforms of interactive media:

1. Mobile apps - a software application developed specifically for use on small, wireless computing devices
such as smartphones and tablets, rather than desktop or laptop computers.
2. 3D TV - a television display technology that enables a three-dimensional effect, so that viewers perceive
that an image has depth as well as height and width, similar to objects in the real world.
3. Video games (multi-player) - a game played by electronically manipulating images produced by a
computer program on a television screen or other display screen. Multiplayer games allow two or more
players to play with one another or play together.
4. Role-playing games (RPG) - a game in which players assume the roles of characters in a fictional setting.
Players take responsibility for acting out these roles within a narrative, either through literal acting or
through a process of structured decision-making or character development.
5. Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game (MMORPG) - any story-driven online video game in
which a player, taking on the persona of a character in a virtual or fantasy world, interacts with a large
number of other players.
6. Interactive websites (pools, surveys, exams, exercises)
7. Virtual reality and immersive environments - the computer-generated simulation of a three-dimensional
image or environment that can be interacted with in a seemingly real or physical way by a person using
special electronic equipment, such as a helmet with a screen inside or gloves fitted with sensors
8. Social media - websites or online services where users (actual people) are the creators and consumers of
the content, and where social interactions (commenting, liking, posting, talking) are the main features of
content. Examples are Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat, Vine, etc. Relate this topic to their output
in the previous activity.

Interactivity - the communication process that takes place between humans and computer software. The most
constant form of interactivity is typically found in games, which need a continuous form of interactivity with the
gamer. Database applications and other financial, engineering and trading applications are also typically
interactive.

Interacting with Social Media

a. Online shopping - compare prices; compare features of similar items; add to cart; choose payment type;
track delivery; get advice from experts; search products; check local availability; get product
recommendations.
b. Online gaming - choose a game; play with computer; play with others; choose a level, in-game
customization, etc.
c. Online classes - interact with content; interact with instructors; interact with classmates.
d. Chat - group chat; search groups; search friends; translate language.
e. News and information - exchange information; give reaction; news on demand; monitor views.
f. Videos - choose your own adventure; get multimedia content; experience game elements.

Types of interactivity and their purposes:

a. Click on images
b. Hotspot - a special region to act as a trigger to another web page. The hotspot could be a circle, triangle,
rectangle or polygon.
c. Rollover - an image or portion of an image that changes in appearance when the mouse cursor moves
over it.
d. Tabs - clicking on them displays a relevant content with an appropriate graphic.
e. Timeline - a menu slide that branches to different events.
f. Numbers/processes - the number of clicks and the time spent in an interactive function provide data
points.
g. Slideshow - non-linear interactive slideshow where the pathway through the show is determined by the
user's interaction with it.
h. Frequently asked questions (FAQs)
i. Flip cards - a card that when clicked flips to display a description and other information.

Emerging interactive media:

a. Interactive television - also known as ITV or iTVA form of media convergence, adding data services to
traditional television technology. Throughout its history, these have included on-demand delivery of
content, as well as new uses such as online shopping, banking, and so forth. ITV enables the viewer to
issue commands and give feedback information through an electronic device called a setup box. The
viewer can select which program or movie to watch, at what time, and can place orders in response to
commercials. New setup boxes also allow access to email and e-commerce applications via internet.
b. Allow viewers to participate in game shows - viewers compete with onscreen contestants
c. Select alternate endings to their favorite program
d. Encourage children to interact with educational programs