PR 3: Reaktor

1. Soal 1

Fasa cair → V = V0, 𝜌 = 𝜌0

Kinetika orde 1 → −𝑟𝐴 = 𝑘𝐴 𝐶𝐴
T = 163 C = 436 K
𝑘𝐴 (1630 𝐶 ) = 0.8𝑗𝑎𝑚 −1 = 0.0133 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑡 −1
𝐸𝐴 = 28960 𝑘𝑎𝑙 ∕ 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐴 𝑘 (1630 𝐶) 0.0133 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑡 −1
𝑘0 = exp(−𝐸 = exp(−28960 ⁄1.987∗436) = 4.38 × 1012 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑡 −1
𝐴 ⁄𝑅𝑇)
𝑘𝑎𝑙 𝑘𝑎𝑙 𝑔 𝑘𝑎𝑙
∆𝐻𝑟𝐴 = −83 𝑔
= −83 𝑔
∗ 250 𝑚𝑜𝑙 = 20750 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑀𝑟𝐴 = 𝑀𝑟𝐵 = 250
𝑐𝑝𝐴 = 𝑐𝑝𝐵 = 0.5 𝑘𝑎𝑙 ⁄𝑔℃
𝜌𝐴 = 𝜌𝐵 = 0.9 𝑔⁄𝑐𝑐
𝑡𝑑 = 10 + 12 + 14 = 36 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑡
𝑘𝑎𝑙
𝑅 = 1.987
𝑚𝑜𝑙. 𝐾

2 𝑗𝑢𝑡𝑎 𝑙𝑏
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑘𝑠𝑖 𝐵 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑠 = = 2157.1 𝑔𝑟⁄𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑡
7000 𝑗𝑎𝑚
2157.1 𝑔𝑟⁄𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑡
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑘𝑠𝑖 𝐵 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑠 = Pr(𝐵) = = 8.63 𝑚𝑜𝑙 ⁄𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑡
250 𝑔𝑟⁄𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝜈𝐵 𝐶𝐴0 𝑉 (𝑋𝐴 )
=
𝑡 + 𝑡𝑑
𝑋𝐴 = 0.97
𝑔𝑟
𝑛𝐴0 ∗ 𝑀𝑟 𝜌 0.9 𝑐𝑐 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝜌= = 𝐶𝐴0 ∗ 𝑀𝑟 → 𝐶𝐴0 = = 𝑔𝑟 = 0.0036 = 3.6 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝐿
𝑉 𝑀𝑟 250 𝑐𝑐
𝑚𝑜𝑙

Tentukan volume reaktor yang diperlukan untuk :

a. Kondisi isothermal 1630 𝐶
−𝑟𝐴 = 𝑘𝐴 𝐶𝐴0 (1 − 𝑋𝐴 )
𝑋𝐴 𝑋𝐴
𝑑𝑋𝐴 1 𝑑𝑋𝐴 ln(1 − 𝑋𝐴 )
𝑤𝑎𝑘𝑡𝑢 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑘𝑠𝑖 = 𝑡 = 𝐶𝐴0 ∫ = ∫ =−
−𝑟𝐴 𝑘𝐴 (1 − 𝑋𝐴 ) 𝑘𝐴
0 0
ln(1 − 0.97)
=− = 263.6 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑡
0.0133 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑡 −1

𝜈𝐵 𝐶𝐴0 𝑉(𝑋𝐴 )
Pr(𝐵) = →
𝑡 + 𝑡𝑑
Pr(𝐵) (𝑡 + 𝑡𝑑 ) 8.63 𝑚𝑜𝑙⁄𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑡 (263.6 + 36)𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑡
𝑉= = = 𝟕𝟒𝟎. 𝟒𝟐 𝑳
𝜈𝐵 𝐶𝐴0 (𝑋𝐴 ) 3.6 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝐿 ∗ 0.97

b. Adiabatik
Cara 1: metode integral:

(−∆𝐻𝑟𝐴 )𝑁𝐴0 (𝑋𝐴 − 𝑋𝐴0 ) (−∆𝐻𝑟𝐴 )𝑁𝐴0 (𝑋𝐴 − 𝑋𝐴0 )

𝑇 = 𝑇0 + = 𝑇0 +
𝑚𝑡 𝑐𝑃 𝑁𝐴0 𝑀𝑟 𝑐𝑃
(−∆𝐻𝑟𝐴 )(𝑋𝐴 )
= 𝑇0 +
𝑀𝑟 𝑐𝑃

𝑘𝐴 = 𝑘0 exp(− 𝐸𝐴⁄𝑅𝑇) = 4.38 × 1012 ∗ exp(− 28960⁄1.987𝑇 ) 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑡 −1

𝑋𝐴 𝑋𝐴2
𝑑𝑋𝐴 𝑑𝑋𝐴 1
𝑡 = 𝐶𝐴0 ∫ =∫ → 𝑓 (𝑋𝐴 ) =
−𝑟𝐴 𝑘𝐴 (1 − 𝑋𝐴 ) 𝑘𝐴 (1 − 𝑋𝐴 )
0 0

t dihitung dengan metode trapezoidal dengan jumlah 10 segmen.

-DHR 20750 kal/g Mr 250
Cp 0.5 kal/g.K
Rho 900 g/L
CA0 3.6 mol/L
XA T(tebak) K k (1/menit) f(XA)
0 436 0.005 212.531
0.097 452.102 0.016 68.961
0.194 468.204 0.050 24.632
0.291 484.306 0.146 9.632
0.388 500.408 0.397 4.112
0.485 516.510 1.014 1.916
0.582 532.612 2.442 0.979
0.679 548.714 5.590 0.557
0.776 564.816 12.204 0.366
0.873 580.918 25.514 0.309
0.97 597.020 51.260 0.650
t reaksi 21.15 menit
 Pr(𝐵) (𝑡 + 𝑡𝑑 ) 8.63 𝑚𝑜𝑙⁄𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑡 (21.15 + 36)𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑡
𝑉= = = 𝟏𝟒𝟏. 𝟐𝟒 𝑳
𝜈𝐵 𝐶𝐴0 (𝑋𝐴 ) 3.6 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝐿 ∗ 0.97

Cara 2: Metode Diferensial

𝑑𝑋𝐴 (−𝑟𝐴 )𝑉 𝑘𝐴 𝐶𝐴0 (1 − 𝑋𝐴 )

= = = 𝑘𝐴 (1 − 𝑋𝐴 )
𝑑𝑡 𝑁𝐴0 𝐶𝐴0

𝑑𝑇 (−∆𝐻𝑟𝐴 )(−𝑟𝐴 )𝑉 (−∆𝐻𝑟𝐴 )(−𝑟𝐴 ) (−∆𝐻𝑟𝐴 )𝑘𝐴 𝐶𝐴0 (1 − 𝑋𝐴 )

= = 𝑚𝑡 =
𝑑𝑡 𝑚𝑡 𝑐𝑃 𝜌𝑐𝑃
𝑉 𝑐𝑃
𝑘𝐴 = 𝑘0 exp(− 𝐸𝐴⁄𝑅𝑇) = 4.38 × 1012 ∗ exp(− 28960⁄1.987𝑇 ) 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑡 −1

t (menit) T (K) XA k (1/menit) dT/dt dXA/dt

0.00 436.00 0.00 0.005 0.781 0.005
2.00 437.56 0.01 0.005 0.875 0.005
4.00 439.31 0.02 0.006 0.993 0.006
6.00 441.30 0.03 0.007 1.144 0.007
8.00 443.58 0.05 0.008 1.344 0.008
10.00 446.27 0.06 0.010 1.620 0.010
12.00 449.51 0.08 0.013 2.022 0.012
14.00 453.56 0.11 0.018 2.652 0.016
16.00 458.86 0.14 0.026 3.750 0.023
18.00 466.36 0.18 0.044 6.018 0.036
20.00 478.40 0.26 0.100 12.336 0.074
22.00 503.07 0.40 0.466 46.086 0.278
24.00 595.24 0.96 47.544 321.384 1.936
24.01 596.85 0.97 50.888 262.215 1.580

t = 24.01 menit

Pr(𝐵) (𝑡 + 𝑡𝑑 ) 8.63 𝑚𝑜𝑙⁄𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑡 (24.01 + 36)𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑡

𝑉= = = 𝟏𝟒𝟖. 𝟑 𝑳
𝜈𝐵 𝐶𝐴0 (𝑋𝐴 ) 3.6 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝐿 ∗ 0.97
2. Nomor 2

Diket:
Reaksi: 𝐴 + 𝐵 ↔ 2𝐶
Data kinetika:
𝐴 = 2.14 × 107 𝑚𝑖𝑛−1 → 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑘𝑠𝑖 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒 1, 𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑗𝑎𝑢 𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑖 𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑛 𝐴
−𝑟𝐴 = 𝑘𝐴 𝐶𝐴
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
𝐸𝐴 = 46.5 ; 𝑅 = 0.008314
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙.𝐾
𝑘𝐽
∆𝐻𝑟𝐴 = −209
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐴
𝑐𝑝 = 3.8 𝑘𝐽 ⁄𝑘𝑔𝐾
𝜌 = 1.07 𝑘𝑔⁄𝐿
Dilute solution → densitas konstan
𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐶𝐴0 = 0.03
𝐿
𝑇0 = 15℃ = 298 𝐾
𝑇𝑐 = 300 𝐾
𝑊
𝑈𝐴 = 200
𝐾
𝑋𝐴 = 0.8
𝑉 = 100 𝐿

Tentukan waktu reaksi untuk kasus:

a. Isotermal pada T0
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
𝑘𝐴 = 2.14 × 107 ∗ exp (− 46.5 𝑚𝑜𝑙 ⁄0.008314 𝑚𝑜𝑙.𝐾 ∗ 298 𝐾 ) 𝑚𝑖𝑛−1 = 0.151𝑚𝑖𝑛−1
𝑋𝐴 𝑋𝐴 𝑋𝐴
𝑑𝑋𝐴 𝑑𝑋𝐴 1 𝑑𝑋𝐴 ln(1−𝑋𝐴 )
𝑡 = 𝐶𝐴0 ∫ −𝑟𝐴
= 𝐶𝐴0 ∫ 𝑘𝐴 𝐶𝐴0 (1−𝑋𝐴 )
=𝑘 ∫ (1−𝑋𝐴 )
=− 𝑘𝐴
0 0 𝐴 0

ln(1−0.8)
= − 0.151𝑚𝑖𝑛−1 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟔𝟒 𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒊𝒕
b. Adiabatik

Dengan metode integral:

𝑁
(−∆𝐻𝑟𝐴 )𝑁𝐴0 (𝑋𝐴 −𝑋𝐴0 ) (−∆𝐻𝑟𝐴 ) 𝐴0 (𝑋𝐴 −𝑋𝐴0 ) (−∆𝐻𝑟𝐴 )𝐶𝐴0 (𝑋𝐴 −𝑋𝐴0 )
𝑉
𝑇 = 𝑇0 + 𝑚𝑡 𝑐𝑃
= 𝑇0 + 𝑚𝑡 = 𝑇0 + 𝜌𝑐𝑃
𝑐
𝑉 𝑃

𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
𝑘𝐴 = 2.14 × 107 ∗ exp (− 46.5 𝑚𝑜𝑙 ⁄0.008314 𝑚𝑜𝑙.𝐾 ∗ 𝑇) 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑡 −1
𝑋𝐴 𝑋𝐴2
𝑑𝑋𝐴 𝑑𝑋𝐴 1
𝑡 = 𝐶𝐴0 ∫ =∫ 𝑘𝐴(1−𝑋𝐴 )
→ 𝑓(𝑋𝐴 ) = 𝑘
0
−𝑟𝐴
0 𝐴 (1−𝑋𝐴 )

t dihitung dengan metode trapezoidal dengan jumlah 10 segmen.

-DHR 209 kJ/mol
Cp 3.8 kJ/kg.K
Rho 1.07 kg/L
CA0 0.03 mol/L
T0 298 K
XA T (K) k (1/menit) f(XA)
0 298 0.151 6.608
0.08 298.12 0.153 7.127
0.16 298.25 0.154 7.746
0.24 298.37 0.155 8.495
0.32 298.49 0.156 9.421
0.4 298.62 0.157 10.595
0.48 298.74 0.159 12.131
0.56 298.86 0.160 14.226
0.64 298.99 0.161 17.254
0.72 299.11 0.162 22.013
0.8 299.23 0.163 30.582
t reaksi 10.21 menit

c. Non adiabatic Non isothermal

Neraca energi
𝑑𝑇
𝑚𝑡 𝑐𝑃 = 𝑈𝐴(𝑇𝑐 − 𝑇) + (−∆𝐻𝑟𝐴 )(−𝑟𝐴 )𝑉
𝑑𝑡
𝑈𝐴
𝑑𝑇 𝑈𝐴(𝑇𝑐 − 𝑇) + (−∆𝐻𝑟𝐴 )(−𝑟𝐴 )𝑉 (𝑇𝑐 − 𝑇) + (−∆𝐻𝑟𝐴 )(−𝑟𝐴 )
= = 𝑉
𝑑𝑡 𝑚𝑡 𝑐𝑃 𝜌𝑐𝑃
𝑈𝐴
(𝑇𝑐 − 𝑇) + (−∆𝐻𝑟𝐴 ) ∗ 𝑘𝐴 ∗ 𝐶𝐴0 ∗ (1 − 𝑋𝐴 )
= 𝑉
𝜌𝑐𝑃
𝑑𝑋𝐴
= 𝑘𝐴 (1 − 𝑋𝐴 )
𝑑𝑡

Diselesaikan menggunakan metode Euler:

 Non-adiabatik/non isotermal

-DHR 209 kJ/mol UA 12 kJ/menit 200 W/K

Cp 3.8 kJ/kg.K Tc 300 K
Rho 1.07 kg/L
CA0 0.03 mol/L
T0 298 K

t (menit) T (K) XA k (1/menit)dT/dt dXA/dt

0.00 298.00 0.00 0.151 6.136 0.151
0.50 301.07 0.08 0.183 -2.891 0.169
1.00 299.62 0.16 0.168 1.331 0.141
1.50 300.29 0.23 0.175 -0.643 0.134
2.00 299.97 0.30 0.171 0.284 0.120
2.50 300.11 0.36 0.173 -0.149 0.111
3.00 300.03 0.41 0.172 0.056 0.101
3.50 300.06 0.46 0.172 -0.040 0.092
4.00 300.04 0.51 0.172 0.006 0.084
4.50 300.05 0.55 0.172 -0.014 0.077
5.00 300.04 0.59 0.172 -0.004 0.070
5.50 300.04 0.63 0.172 -0.008 0.064
6.00 300.03 0.66 0.172 -0.005 0.059
6.50 300.03 0.69 0.172 0.054 0.054
7.50 300.08 0.74 0.172 0.045 0.045
8.50 300.13 0.79 0.173 0.037 0.037
8.89 300.14 0.80 0.173 0.035 0.035
Waktu reaksi: 8.89 menit

3. Soal No. 3

Problem 12-1.
1
Reaksi fasa gas: 𝐴 ↔ 𝐵 + 2 𝐶
𝑉 = 𝑘𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛
𝑇 = 𝑘𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛 = 673 𝐾
Persamaan gas ideal:
𝑃𝑡 𝑅𝑇 𝑃𝑡 𝑃𝑡0 𝑛𝑡
= = 𝑘𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛 → = → 𝑃𝑡 = ∗ 𝑃𝑡0 = (1 + 𝜀𝑋𝐴 )𝑃𝑡0
𝑛𝑡 𝑉 𝑛𝑡 𝑛𝑡0 𝑛𝑡0
Persamaan tekanan parsial:
𝑛 𝑃
𝑃𝐴 = 𝑦𝐴 𝑃𝑡 = 𝑛𝐴 𝑃𝑡 = 𝑛𝐴0 (1 − 𝑋𝐴 ) 𝑛𝑡0 = 𝑦𝐴0 𝑃𝑡0 (1 − 𝑋𝐴 ) = 𝑃𝐴0 (1 − 𝑋𝐴 )
𝑡 𝑡0
𝑛𝑡0 𝑛𝑡0
𝑛𝐴 = 𝑃𝐴 𝑃 = 𝑃𝐴0 (1 − 𝑋𝐴 ) 𝑃
𝑡0 𝑡0

kA
 𝑛𝐴 𝑛
𝐶𝐴 = 𝑉
= 𝑃𝐴0 (1 − 𝑋𝐴 ) 𝑉𝑃𝑡0
𝑡0

Neraca mol:
𝑑𝑛𝐴 𝑛𝑡0 𝑑𝑃𝐴 𝑛 2 𝑑𝑃𝐴 𝑛
𝑑𝑡
= 𝑟𝐴 𝑉 → 𝑃𝑡0 𝑑𝑡
= 𝑟𝐴 𝑉 = −𝑘𝐶𝐴2 = −𝑘 (𝑃𝐴 𝑃 𝑡0𝑉 ) → 𝑑𝑡
= −𝑘 ∗ 𝑉 2𝑡0
𝑃
𝑃𝐴2
𝑡0 𝑡0

𝑑𝑃𝐴 𝑑𝑋𝐴 2
= −𝑘𝐴 𝑃𝐴2 → 𝑃𝐴0 = 𝑘𝐴 (𝑃𝐴0 (1 − 𝑋𝐴 ))
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑋𝐴
→ = 𝑘𝐴 𝑃𝐴0 (1 − 𝑋𝐴 )2
𝑑𝑡

𝑃𝑡0 = 50 𝑘𝑃𝑎
1 1 1
𝐴 → 𝐵 + 𝐶 maka: 𝛿 = + 1 − 1 =
2 2 2
1
𝜀 = 𝑦𝐴0 𝛿 = 1 ∗ = 0.5
2
𝑃𝑡 = 𝑃𝑡0 + 10 𝑘𝑃𝑎 = 60 𝑘𝑃𝑎 = (1 + 𝜀𝑋𝐴 )50 𝑘𝑃𝑎

60
− 1 1⁄5
𝑋𝐴 = 50 = = 0.4
𝜀 1⁄2

𝑑𝑋𝐴
𝑑𝑡
= 𝑘𝐴 𝑃𝐴0 (1 − 𝑋𝐴 )2 →
0.4 0.4
1 𝑑𝑋𝐴 1 1
𝑡= ∫ = ∗ ( )|
𝑘𝐴 𝑃𝐴0 0 (1 − 𝑋𝐴 )2 𝑘𝐴 𝑃𝐴0 1 − 𝑋𝐴 0
1 1 1
= ∗( − ) = 𝟐𝟒. 𝟖𝟕 𝒅𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒌
1
5.36 × 10−4 ∗ 50 𝑘𝑃𝑎 1 − 0.4 1 − 0
𝑘𝑃𝑎. 𝑠

4. Soal 4. Problem 12.10

𝐴+𝐵 → 𝐶
Liquid phase, maka densitas konstan
Reaksi orde 2 → −𝑟𝐴 = 𝑘𝐴 𝐶𝐴 𝐶𝐵
𝑚3
𝑘𝐴 = 9.92 × 10−6
𝑚𝑜𝑙. 𝑠
𝑋𝐴 = 90%
 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑃𝑟 (𝐶 ) = 125
𝑗𝑎𝑚
𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐶𝐴0 = 𝐶𝐵0 = 100
𝑚3
𝑇 = 𝑇0 = 298 𝐾

0.3
𝑡𝑑 = 0.3 𝑡𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑐ℎ = 0.3 ∗ (𝑡 + 𝑡𝑑 ) → 𝑡𝑑 = 𝑡
0.7
0.9 0.9 0.9
𝑑𝑋𝐴 𝑑𝑋𝐴 𝑑𝑋𝐴 CA0=CB0, maka
𝑡 = 𝐶𝐴0 ∫ = 𝐶𝐴0 ∫ = 𝐶𝐴0 ∫
0 −𝑟𝐴 0 𝑘𝐴 𝐶𝐴 𝐶𝐵 0 𝑘𝐴 𝐶𝐴0 (1 − 𝑋𝐴 )(𝐶𝐵0 − 𝐶𝐴0 𝑋𝐴 )
0.9 0.9
1 𝑑𝑋𝐴 1 1
= ∫ = ∗ ( )|
𝑘𝐴 𝐶𝐴0 0 (1 − 𝑋𝐴 )2 𝑘𝐴 𝐶𝐴0 1 − 𝑋𝐴 0
1 1 1
= 3 ∗( − )
−6 𝑚 𝑚𝑜𝑙 1 − 0.9 1 − 0
9.92 × 10 ∗ 100
𝑚𝑜𝑙. 𝑠 𝑚3
= 𝟗𝟎𝟕𝟐. 𝟓𝟖 𝒅𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒌 = 𝟐. 𝟓𝟐 𝒋𝒂𝒎

0.3 𝑚𝑜𝑙 0.3

𝑃𝑟 (𝐶 ) ∗ (𝑡 + 𝑡𝑑 ) 𝑃𝑟 (𝐶 ) ∗ (𝑡 + 0.7 𝑡) 125 𝑗𝑎𝑚 ∗ (2.52 + 0.7 ∗ 2.52) 𝑗𝑎𝑚
𝑉= = =
𝜈𝑐 ∗ 𝐶𝐴0 (𝑋𝐴 ) 𝜈𝑐 ∗ 𝐶𝐴0 (𝑋𝐴 ) 𝑚𝑜𝑙
100 𝑚3 (0.9)
= 𝟓 𝒎𝟑