Thermodynamic Processes: E233 - Thermofluids
Thermodynamic Processes: E233 - Thermofluids
Thermodynamic Processes: E233 - Thermofluids
P05
Thermodynamic Processes
p2, v2, T2
p1, v1, T1
Q
p1, v1, T1 p2, v1, T2
p1V1 p2 V2 p2 350
(a) = T2 = T1 = 523 = 183.05 K
T1 T2 p1 1000
p1V1 1000 0.14
(b) p1V1 = mRT1 m = = = 0.933 kg
RT1 0.287 523
Q = mc v (T2 - T1 ) = 0.933 0.718 183.05 - 523
= -227.73 kJ, heat is rejected by the air.
Q
p1, v2, T2
p1, v1, T1
V1
(T1)
(T2=T1) Q
p2, v2, T1
p1, v1, T1
p1
pv =constant
p2
p1, v1, T1
p2, v2, T2
v1 v2
E233 Thermofluid, School of Engineering
Adiabatic process (cont’d)
The non - flow energy equation Q + W = U2 U1
becomes W=U2 U1 since Q=0. That is, work
is done by the fluid at the expense of reduction
in the internal energy. Note that T2 <T1. From
pV =constant and pV=mRT, the following
equations can be derived:
-1
-1
p1 V2 T1 V2 T1 p1
= ; = ; =
p2 V1 T2 V1 T2 p2
p1, v1, T1
Q
p2, v2, T2
p1V1 - p2 V2 mR T1 -T2
= = ; since pV=mRT
n-1 n-1
p1V1
(c) U2 - U1 = mc v T2 - T1 = c v T2 - T1
RT1
110x1
= 0.718 517 - 288 = 218.8 kJ
0.287x288
(d) Q - W = U2 - U1 = -291.3 + 218.8 = -72.5 kJ;
(heat is rejected from the air through the cylinder)
-n 1.4 -1.3
[Check : Q = W = -291.3 = -72.8 kJ]
-1 1.4 -1
n=
A n=0 n=0 A’
1
B’
n=
C’
D’ v
Note that for a constant pressure process, mcv(T2 –T1)+p(V2 –V1)= mcp(T2 –T1)
V3 V2 V1 3 0.287 360
p3 V3 = mRT3 V3 = = 0.413 m3
750
E233 Thermofluid, School of Engineering
Cyclic Process – An Example (cont’d)
The Q and W can now be calculated for each process.
mR T1 - T2 3 0.287 360 - 470.7
W12 = = = -476.6 kJ
n-1 0.2
U12 = mc v T2 - T1 = 3 0.718 470.7 - 360 = 238.4 kJ
Q12 - W12 = U12 Q12 = W12 + U12 = -476.6+ 238.4 = -238.2 kJ
Q23 = m h3 -h2 = mc p T3 - T2 = 3 1.005 360 - 470.7 = -333.8 kJ
U23 = mc v T3 - T2 = 3 0.718 360 - 470.7 = -238.4 kJ
Q23 - W23 = U23 W23 = Q23 - U23 = -333.8 - -238.4 = -95.4 kJ
V1 V1 2.066
V V
Q31 = p3 V3ln = mRT3ln = 3 0.287 360ln
0.413 = 499.8 kJ
3 3
Q31 - W31 = U31, for process 3 -1, W31 = Q31 = 499.8 kJ, since U31 = 0
ΣQ = Q12 +Q23 +Q31 = -238.2- 333.8+ 499.8 = -72.2 kJ
ΣW = W12 + W23 + W31 = -476.6 - 95.4+ 499.8 = -72.2 kJ
-ve W indicates that the cycle requires a net amout of work to operate.
Note that for a cyclic process, Ucycle = 0 and therefore ΣQ =ΣW
p1
V3 V2 V1
Process Q, kJ W, kJ U, kJ
1-2 -238.2 -476.6 238.4
2-3 -333.8 -95.4 -238.4
3-1 499.8 499.8 0
Net value Q=-72.2 W=-72.2 U=0