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    Transistors

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    deepakvasava
    Transistors are semiconductor devices that can switch or amplify electrical signals and come in two main types: bipolar junction transistors and field effect transistors. Integrated circuits incorporate multiple electronic components like transistors onto a single semiconductor chip and are divided into analog and digital types. Common integrated circuits used in basic electronics include operational amplifiers, timers, microcontrollers, counters, and motor drivers.

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    Transistors

    Uploaded by

    deepakvasava
    48 views6 pages
    Transistors are semiconductor devices that can switch or amplify electrical signals and come in two main types: bipolar junction transistors and field effect transistors. Integrated circuits incorporate multiple electronic components like transistors onto a single semiconductor chip and are divided into analog and digital types. Common integrated circuits used in basic electronics include operational amplifiers, timers, microcontrollers, counters, and motor drivers.

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    Transistors are semiconductor devices that can switch or amplify electrical signals and come in two main types: bipolar junction transistors and field effect transistors. Integrated circuits incorporate multiple electronic components like transistors onto a single semiconductor chip and are divided into analog and digital types. Common integrated circuits used in basic electronics include operational amplifiers, timers, microcontrollers, counters, and motor drivers.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    48 views6 pages

    Transistors

    Uploaded by

    deepakvasava
    Transistors are semiconductor devices that can switch or amplify electrical signals and come in two main types: bipolar junction transistors and field effect transistors. Integrated circuits incorporate multiple electronic components like transistors onto a single semiconductor chip and are divided into analog and digital types. Common integrated circuits used in basic electronics include operational amplifiers, timers, microcontrollers, counters, and motor drivers.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 6

    Transistors

    Transistor, the invention that changed the future of electronic circuits. It is a semiconductor device that can be used
    to either switch electrical power or amplify electronic signals.
    A Transistor is a 3 terminal device that can be either a current controlled device or a voltage controlled
    device.Different types of transistors exists.Basically they are classified as
    1) Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT) and
    2) Field Effect Transistors (FET).
    They can be further classified as shown below

    Integrated Circuits (ICs)


    An Integrated Circuit or an IC is an integration or incorporation of several electronic components (mainly transistors)
    on a single device (or chip) made up of a semiconductor material (usually Silicon).
    Almost all electronic devices like TVs, Mobile Phones, Laptops, Audio Players, Routers, etc. have Integrated Circuit in
    them.
    ICs are again divided into Analog ICs and Digital ICs. Analog ICs work on Analog Signals like Temperature, Audio, etc.
    which are continuously varying in nature. Digital ICs on the other hand, work on Discrete Signals i.e. zero volts and a
    non-zero volts (like 5V or 3.3V) that are represented as Binary 0 and 1.

    The commonly used IC


    in basic electronic circuits are Op – Amps (Operational Amplifiers) like LM741, Timers like NE555, Microcontrollers like
    AT89S52, Counters like CD4017 and Motor Drivers like L293D. Resistors
    The basic of all electronic components are the Resistors. It is a passive electronic components that introduces
    electrical resistance in to the circuit. Using resistors, we can reduce the current, divide voltages, setup biasing of
    transistors (or other active elements), etc.
    Capacitors
    The second important passive components is a capacitor, a device that stores energy in the form of electric field.
    Most capacitors consists of two conducting plates that are separated by a dielectric material.
    If Q is the charge on any one of the conductor plates and V is the voltage between them, then the Capacitance C of the
    Capacitor is C = Q/V.
    In electronics circuits, a capacitor is mainly used to block DC Current and allow AC Current. The other applications of
    capacitors are filters, timing circuits, power supplies and energy storing elements.
    There are many types of Capacitors like Polarized, Non – Polarized, Ceramic, Film, Electrolytic, Super Capacitors etc.
    Inductors
    If capacitors store energy in the form of electric field, then inductors are devices that store energy in the form of
    Magnetic Field. Inductor is nothing but a wire that is wound in the form of a coil.
    Inductor is  widely used in AC equipment like filters, chokes, tuned circuits etc.

    Oscilloscope
    The most reliable Test Equipment for observing continuously varying signals is an Oscilloscope. With the help of an
    Oscilloscope, we can observe the changes in an electrical signal like voltage, over time.
    Oscilloscopes are used in a wide range of field like Medical, Electronic, Automobile, Industrial and Telecommunication
    Applications.
    Multimeter
    A multimeter is a combination of Voltmeter, Ammeter and Ohmmeter. They provide an easy way to measure different
    parameters of an electronic circuit like current, voltage etc.
    Multimeters can measure values in both AC and DC. Earlies Multimeters are Analog and consists of a pointing needle.
    Modern Multimeters are Digital and are often called as Digital Multimeters or DMMs.

    Function Generator or Signal Generator


    A Signal Generator, as the name suggests, generates a variety of signals for testing and troubleshooting electronic
    circuits. The most common types of signals are Triangular Wave, Sine Wave, Square Wave and Sawtooth Wave.

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