Animal Cell

Animal cell
cell membrane - the thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell. The cell membrane is
semipermeable, allowing some substances to pass into the cell and blocking others.
centrosome - (also called the "microtubule organizing center") a small body located near the nucleus - it
has a dense center and radiating tubules. The centrosomes is where microtubules are made. During cell
division (mitosis), the centrosome divides and the two parts move to opposite sides of the dividing cell.
The centriole is the dense center of the centrosome.
cytoplasm - the jellylike material outside the cell nucleus in which the organelles are located.
Golgi body - (also called the Golgi apparatus or golgi complex) a flattened, layered, sac-like organelle
that looks like a stack of pancakes and is located near the nucleus. It produces the membranes that
surround the lysosomes. The Golgi body packages proteins and carbohydrates into membrane-bound
vesicles for "export" from the cell.
lysosome - (also called cell vesicles) round organelles surrounded by a membrane and containing
digestive enzymes. This is where the digestion of cell nutrients takes place.
mitochondrion - spherical to rod-shaped organelles with a double membrane. The inner membrane is
infolded many times, forming a series of projections (called cristae). The mitochondrion converts the
energy stored in glucose into ATP (adenosine triphosphate) for the cell.
nuclear membrane - the membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
nucleolus - an organelle within the nucleus - it is where ribosomal RNA is produced. Some cells have
more than one nucleolus.
nucleus - spherical body containing many organelles, including the nucleolus. The nucleus controls many
of the functions of the cell (by controlling protein synthesis) and contains DNA (in chromosomes). The
nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear membrane.
rough endoplasmic reticulum - (rough ER) a vast system of interconnected, membranous, infolded and
convoluted sacks that are located in the cell's cytoplasm (the ER is continuous with the outer nuclear
membrane). Rough ER is covered with ribosomes that give it a rough appearance. Rough ER transports
materials through the cell and produces proteins in sacks called cisternae (which are sent to the Golgi
body, or inserted into the cell membrane).
smooth endoplasmic reticulum - (smooth ER) a vast system of interconnected, membranous, infolded
and convoluted tubes that are located in the cell's cytoplasm (the ER is continuous with the outer nuclear
membrane). The space within the ER is called the ER lumen. Smooth ER transports materials through the
cell. It contains enzymes and produces and digests lipids (fats) and membrane proteins; smooth ER buds
off from rough ER, moving the newly-made proteins and lipids to the Golgi body, lysosomes, and
membranes.
vacuole - fluid-filled, membrane-surrounded cavities inside a cell. The vacuole fills with food being
digested and waste material that is on its way out of the cell.
Plant cell
Nucleus
- Large Oval body near the centre of the cell.
- The control centre for all activity.
- Surrounded by a nuclear membrane.
Nucleoplasm
- is the protoplasm in the nucleus.
- contains genetic material ---> CHROMOSOMES (DNA)
Nucleolus
- is found in the nucleus.
- contains more genetic information (RNA)
Cell Membrane
- the outer boundary of the cell.
- it separates the cell from other cells.
- it is porous ---> allows molecules to pass through.
Cell Wall ( Plant Cells Only )
- non living structure that surrounds the plant cell.
- protects + supports the cell.
- made up of a tough fibre called cellulose.
Cyto Plasm
- cell material outside the nucleus but within the cell membrane.
- clear thick fluid.
- contains structures called organelles.
Vacuoles
- are clear fluid sacs that act as storage areas for food, minerals, and waste.
- in plant cell the vacuoles are large and mostly filled with water. This gives the plant support.
- in animal cells the vacuoles are much smaller.
Mitochondria
- power house of the cell.
- centre of respiration of the cell.
- they release energy for cell functions.
Chloro Plasts ( Plant cells only )

- contains a green pigment known as chlorophyll which is important for photosynthesis.
Ribosomes
- tiny spherical bodies that help make proteins.
- found in the cyto plasm or attached to the endo plasmic reticulum.
Endo Plasmic Reticulum ( ER )

- systems of membranes throughout the cyto plasm.
- it connects the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane.
- passageway for material moving though the cell.
Golgi Bodies
- tube like structures that have tiny sacs at their ends.
- they help package protein.
Lysosomes
- " suicide sacs "
- small structures that contain enzymes which are used in digestion.
- if a lysosome were to burst it could destroy the cell.

Animal Cell

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Animal cell

nuclear membrane - the membrane that surrounds the nucleus.

Chloro Plasts ( Plant cells only )

Endo Plasmic Reticulum ( ER )

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