Nucleus

The control center of the cell

Ribosomes
Produce proteins (protein synthesis)
Nuclear membrane
Controls what enters and leaves the nucleus
Mitochondria
Powerhouse, produces ATP
Lysosome
Break down materials in the cell -- also known as
death sac
Golgi bodies
Packages proteins

Vacuole
Stores water, waste, and food
Cytoplasm
Suspends organelles
Endoplasmic reticulum
Transport system for materials
Cell membrane
Controls what enters and leaves the cell
Centriole
Aids in cell division
Nucleolus
Makes RNA
Cytoskeleton
Helps organelles move from place to place
Microfilament
Help cells change shape; structural support
Microtubules
Provide attachment places for organelles and
provide tracks for organelle movement





Cell Membrane: The thin layer of lipid and protein that separates the cell's contents
from the enviornment.
Nucleus: The nucleus is the control center of the cell.

Nuclear Envelope: The nuclear envelope separates the nucleus from the rest of the
cell.

Nucleolus: The central structure in the nucleus responsible for making ribosomes.

Chromatin: Located in the nucleus. Tangled strands of DNA. Also contain hereditary
information.

Nuclear Sap: The fluid that fills the nucleus.

Cytoplasm: A thick fluid material, mostly water based that suspends the organelles
and structures in the cell.

Mitochondrion: Mitochondrion generate energy from food.



Golgi Apparatus: The Golgi Apparatus packages and transports substances in the
cell.

Centriole: Centrioles are cylindrical bundles of microtubules that give rise to the
longer spindle microtubules.

Vacuole: A membrane bound sac that takes in water and also may store proteins,
ions, and other waste products.

Lysosomes: A small organelle that contains digestive enzymes that help the cell
break down large molecules of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids.

Microbody: Contains different enzymes not used in digestion.

Ribosomes: An organelle that assembles proteins from amino acids.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): An network of membranes-bound organelles that
produces material that are needed for the cell. It also detoxifies the cell

Hyaloplasm: The remaining fluid of the cell.













Plant cells are constituted from the different parts. These parts play a significant
role in the proper functioning of the cell. For your ready information the planr cell
parts are like:
Cell membrane
The cell membrane surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell and physically separates the
intracellular components from the extra-cellular environment, thereby serving a
function similar to that of skin.





Cell wall
A cell wall is a fairly rigid layer surrounding a cell, located external to the cell
membrane, which provides the cell with structural support, protection, and acts as
a filtering mechanism. The cell wall also prevents over-expansion when water
enters the cell.
Plasmodesmata
Plasmodesmata are microscopic channels of plants traversing the cell walls of plant
cells and enabling transport and communication between them.
Vacuole
Vacuoles are found in the cytoplasm of most plant cells. Vacuoles are membrane-
bound compartments within some eukaryotic cells that can serve a variety of
secretory, excretory, and storage functions.
Tonoplast
A vacuole is surrounded by a membrane called the tonoplast.
Plastids
Plastids are responsible for photosynthesis, storage of products like starch and
for the synthesis of many classes of molecules such as fatty acids and terpenes
which are needed as cellular building blocks and/or for the function of the plant.
Chloroplast
Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and eukaryotic algae that conduct
photosynthesis. Chloroplasts absorb light and use it in conjunction with water and
carbon dioxide to produce sugars, the raw material for energy and biomass
production in all green plants.
Leucoplast
Leucoplasts are a category of plastid and as such are organelles found in plant
cells. They are non-pigmented, in contrast to other plastids such as the
chloroplast.
Chromoplast
Chromoplasts are plastids responsible for pigment synthesis and storage. They, like
all other plastids are organelles found in specific photosynthetic eukaryotic
species. Chloroplasts in the traditional sense, are found in colored organs of plants
such as fruit and floral petals, to which they give their distinctive colors.
Golgi Complex
Golgi complex is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. The primary function
of the Golgi apparatus is to process and package the macromolecules such as
proteins and lipids that are synthesized by the cell.
Ribosome
Ribosomes are complexes of RNA and protein that are found in all cells. The
function of ribosomes is the assembly of proteins, in a process called translation.
Endoplasmic reticulum
These structures are responsible for several specialized functions: Protein
translation, folding, and transport of proteins to be used in the cell membrane or
to be secreted from the cell; sequestration of calcium; and production and storage
of glycogen, steroids, and other macromolecules.
Mitochondrion
it is a membrane-enclosed organelle that is found in cells. Mitochondria are
sometimes described as cellular power plants,.
Microtubule
are one of the components of the cytoskeleton. They have diameter of ~ 24 nm and
length varying from several micrometers to possibly millimeters in axons of nerve
cells.
Microfilament
Microfilaments are the thinnest filaments of the cytoskeleton found in the
cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells
Lysosome
Lysosomes are organelles that contain digestive enzymes. They digest excess or
worn out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria.
Microbody
A microbody is a cytoplasmic organelle of a more or less globular shape that
comprises degradative enzymes bound within a single membrane.
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm is a gelatinous, semi-transparent fluid that fills most cells.
Nucleus
It contains most of the cells genetic material, organized as multiple long linear
DNA molecules in complex with a large variety of proteins, such as histones, to
form chromosomes.
Nuclear envelope
The nuclear envelope consists of two cellular membranes, an inner and an outer
membrane, arranged parallel to one another and separated by 10 to 50 nanometers
(nm).
DNA
DNA is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the
development and functioning of all known living organisms.
Chromatin
Chromatin is the complex of DNA and protein that makes up chromosomes.
RNA
RNA plays several important roles in the processes of translating genetic
information from DNA into proteins.








Nucleus: The cell nucleus is supposed to be the most important organelle. It carries the
genetic information present in this organelle which inherits the physical traits from one
generation to another. It has a dark stained nucleolus mainly responsible for protein
formation. Apart from this, the nucleus coordinates all the cell functions and regulates the
metabolism of plants. The passage of food and water and the influx of nutrients in and out
of the cells are some of the characteristic functions of a plant cell.

Nuclear Membrane: As the name indicates, this membranous sheath surrounding the
nucleus protects it from physical damage. You can go through the nuclear membrane
function for better understanding.

Cytoplasm: As seen from the diagram, the cytoplasm of a cell is the ground substance or
the matrix which is jelly like material in which all the cell organelles are embedded and
suspended. The main cytoplasm function in a cell is to keep all the cell constituents intact.

Cell Membrane: Similar to a nuclear membrane, the main cell membrane function is to give
the cell an appropriate shape and size. This thin membrane is made up of cellulosic fibers
and proteins and its main function is transport of materials through cells.

Cell Wall: The cell wall is a distinguishing part which is not present in animals and mainly
responsible for imparting rigidity to the cells. The cell wall material differs with plant
species and gives a definite shape (elongated, oval, round, rectangular, squarish).

Plastids: Another peculiar organelle present in plant cells are the plastids. As mentioned
before, plants prepare their own food with a unique process called photosynthesis with the
aid of these plastids. The plastids consist of pigments which absorb light and make food.
The most common plastid is chloroplast containing the green pigment chlorophyll.

Mitochondria: Mitochondria are among the largest cell organelles also known as the engine
house or the energy house of the cells. These organelles provide the energy required for
all the cellular activities by breaking down complex carbohydrates prepared during
photosynthesis (glucose to energy).

Ribosomes: Ribosomes is the main site for protein synthesis since these are rich in
ribonucleic acids. These organelles could be bound to the endoplasmic reticulum or free-
floating in the cytoplasm.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): The diagram clearly suggests ER to be the second largest cell
organelle after mitochondria since these form a series of interconnecting flattened
tubular tunnels or sacs; rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and smooth endoplasmic
reticulum (SER). The RER is mainly responsible for holding onto the proteins formed in the
ribosomes, and transportation.

Golgi Apparatus: The proteins formed and bound by the ER need to be processed so as to
perform normal functions. Golgi membranous sacs or dictyosomes chiefly associated with
ER release protein chains after processing them.

Vacuoles: Plant cells are characterized by larger and lesser number of vacuoles and mainly
responsible for maintaining the fullness of a cell. An alternative function of these is to
store ions, sugars and secondary metabolites.