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    TRIGO Handouts Week 1-2

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    Christian Cala
    1. This document introduces the Cartesian coordinate system, which uses perpendicular x and y axes to uniquely identify points in a plane. Ordered pairs (x,y) are used to represent points, where x is the x-coordinate and y is the y-coordinate. 2. Distances between points can be calculated using the distance formula, which takes the square root of the sum of the squared differences between corresponding x and y coordinates. 3. Points can also be related based on their symmetry - points are symmetric if they have equal distances from a given point, line, or axis.

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    TRIGO Handouts Week 1-2

    Uploaded by

    Christian Cala
    22 views4 pages
    1. This document introduces the Cartesian coordinate system, which uses perpendicular x and y axes to uniquely identify points in a plane. Ordered pairs (x,y) are used to represent points, where x is the x-coordinate and y is the y-coordinate. 2. Distances between points can be calculated using the distance formula, which takes the square root of the sum of the squared differences between corresponding x and y coordinates. 3. Points can also be related based on their symmetry - points are symmetric if they have equal distances from a given point, line, or axis.

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    1. This document introduces the Cartesian coordinate system, which uses perpendicular x and y axes to uniquely identify points in a plane. Ordered pairs (x,y) are used to represent points, where x is the x-coordinate and y is the y-coordinate. 2. Distances between points can be calculated using the distance formula, which takes the square root of the sum of the squared differences between corresponding x and y coordinates. 3. Points can also be related based on their symmetry - points are symmetric if they have equal distances from a given point, line, or axis.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    22 views4 pages

    TRIGO Handouts Week 1-2

    Uploaded by

    Christian Cala
    1. This document introduces the Cartesian coordinate system, which uses perpendicular x and y axes to uniquely identify points in a plane. Ordered pairs (x,y) are used to represent points, where x is the x-coordinate and y is the y-coordinate. 2. Distances between points can be calculated using the distance formula, which takes the square root of the sum of the squared differences between corresponding x and y coordinates. 3. Points can also be related based on their symmetry - points are symmetric if they have equal distances from a given point, line, or axis.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    Math 3 (PLANE TRIGONOMETRY)

    UNIT 1. Introduction to Trigonometry


    1.0 The Meaning of Trigonometry
    Trigonometry
    - Greek word - trigonon
    “triangle”
    - Greek word - metron
    “measure”
    - Latin (trigonometria)

    Trigonometry
    - relationships between the sides and angles of triangles.
    - properties and applications of these relationships.
    - includes other topics which are important in the study of higher
    mathematics

    1.0 The History of Trigonometry


    - Ancient Egyptians, Babylonians and the Greeks.
    - Egyptians : tools used to measure distance of planets.
    - Babylonians: used degree measurement for angles
    : first gave coordinates for stars
    • Hipparchus (father of trigonometry)
    - Greek mathematician and astronomical observer
    - developed the first trigonometric tables
    - first to have proper models of the movement of the sun and the moon.

    1.0 The Importance of Trigonometry


    • Astronomy – Menelaus’ Theorem
    -calculating distances between stellar objects and their path
    • Architecture – building plans
    • Navigation
    • Geologist – estimate the true dip of bedding angles (stability)
    • Surveying

    QUIZ # 1
    1. Define Trigonometry in your own understanding.
    2. The father of Trigonometry
    3. Give two application of trigonometry
    4. The meaning of metron
    5. Write your expectation on this course – Trigonometry (BE HONEST).

    Cartesian coordinate system


    René Descartes
    [1596-1650]
    - French philosopher, scientist and mathematician
    - inventor of Cartesian Coordinate System

    Cartesian Coordinate System


    - formed in a plane by two perpendicular number lines that intersect at
    the point corresponding to the number 0 (zero) on each line.
    Coordinate - set of numbers that together describe the exact position of
    something

    The two Cartesian Coordinates


    1. Abcissa/ X-axis / X-coordinate
    – horizontal line in a graph
    2. Ordinate/ Y-axis / Y-coordinate
    – vertical line in the graph

    Remarks:
    • The point of intersection of the two number lines is called the origin
    and is denoted by O.
    • The axes divide the plane into four regions called quadrants.
    • Coordinates are written as an ordered pair (x,y) and are perpendicular
    to each other.

    Defn.
    A point P on a Cartesian plane is an ordered pair of real numbers,
    denoted by P(a,b) or simply (a,b) where a is the projection of P on the x-
    axis, and b is the projection of P on the y-axis.
    A. Plot each point with the given coordinates:
    1. A(5, 0) 2. F(-3, -4)
    3. B(3, 4) 4. G(0, -5)
    5. C(0, 5) 6. H(2, 1/2)
    7. D(-3, 4) 8. I(2, -1/3)
    9. E(-5, 0) 10. J(-3/4, -1/2)
    B. Give the quadrant of the following points:
    1. A(9, 1) 2. F(-3,1/4)
    3. B(3, -7) 4. G(10, -5)
    5. C(-1/2, 5) 6. H(2, 1/8)
    7. D(-3, 4) 8. I(2, -1/3)
    9. E(-5, 5) 10. J(-3/4, -1/2)

    Defn. Two points A and B are said to be:


    a) symmetric with respect to (wrt) a third point P if the lengths of
    segments AP and PB are equal, that is, AP = PB; and,
    b) symmetric with respect to a line R if R is the perpendicular bisector
    of line segment AB.
    Remarks:
    1. P(a,b) and Q(-a,-b) are symmetric wrt the origin.
    2. P(a,b) and R(a,-b) are symmetric wrt the x-axis.
    3. P(a,b) and S(-a,b) are symmetric wrt the y-axis.
    4. P(a,b) and T(b,a) are symmetric wrt the line y = x.
    Find the coordinates of the point symmetric to the given point with respect
    to:
    a) the origin c) the y-axis
    b) the x-axis d) the line y = x
    1. A(1,3)
    2. B(-2,4)
    3. C(2,-3)
    4. D(-5,-5)
    5. E(-7, 0)

    Distance formula
    The (undirected) distance between any two points in the plane P1(x1,y1)
    and P2(x2,y2), or the length of the line segment P1P2.\
    √
    d=|P 1 P 2|= x 2 −x 1 )2 +( y 2 − y 1 )2

    Remark:
    The length of the line segment from the origin to any a given point
    P(x,y) is called the radius vector (r) and is always positive.
    r= √ x 2+ y 2
    Examples
    1. What is the distance of the point A(3, 4) from the origin?
    2. Given the points P1(1,3), P2(2,1) and P3(-3,2), find the undirected
    distance between the following points:
    a) P1 and P2 b) P3 and P1
    3. If A(4, 3) and B are on a line through the origin, and the x-coordinate of
    B is 8, find the y-coordinate and the radius vector of B.

    A. Find the radius vector of each of the following points:


    1. A(6, 8) 2. F(23, 3) 3. B(9, 12)

    B. Find the undirected distance between each of the given points:


    1. A and B 2. B and F

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