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    Planning2 rsw2

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    1. The document discusses identifying research problems, which is the first step of any research project and lays the foundation. An effective research problem addresses a gap in knowledge or contradiction. 2. There are three main types of research problems: descriptive problems which focus on "what is"; causal problems which examine cause-and-effect relationships; and relational problems which investigate relationships between variables. 3. Not all problems can be researched effectively - problems must be specific enough to generate testable hypotheses and seek empirical answers rather than opinions or choices. Examples differentiate researchable from non-researchable problems.

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    Planning2 rsw2

    Uploaded by

    Carliepie Z
    19 views6 pages
    1. The document discusses identifying research problems, which is the first step of any research project and lays the foundation. An effective research problem addresses a gap in knowledge or contradiction. 2. There are three main types of research problems: descriptive problems which focus on "what is"; causal problems which examine cause-and-effect relationships; and relational problems which investigate relationships between variables. 3. Not all problems can be researched effectively - problems must be specific enough to generate testable hypotheses and seek empirical answers rather than opinions or choices. Examples differentiate researchable from non-researchable problems.

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    Planning2_rsw2

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    1. The document discusses identifying research problems, which is the first step of any research project and lays the foundation. An effective research problem addresses a gap in knowledge or contradiction. 2. There are three main types of research problems: descriptive problems which focus on "what is"; causal problems which examine cause-and-effect relationships; and relational problems which investigate relationships between variables. 3. Not all problems can be researched effectively - problems must be specific enough to generate testable hypotheses and seek empirical answers rather than opinions or choices. Examples differentiate researchable from non-researchable problems.

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    19 views6 pages

    Planning2 rsw2

    Uploaded by

    Carliepie Z
    1. The document discusses identifying research problems, which is the first step of any research project and lays the foundation. An effective research problem addresses a gap in knowledge or contradiction. 2. There are three main types of research problems: descriptive problems which focus on "what is"; causal problems which examine cause-and-effect relationships; and relational problems which investigate relationships between variables. 3. Not all problems can be researched effectively - problems must be specific enough to generate testable hypotheses and seek empirical answers rather than opinions or choices. Examples differentiate researchable from non-researchable problems.

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    of 6

    COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

    ARCHITECTURE

    ARC 029 RESEARCH METHODS IN ARCHITECTURE


    UP-FC1-BSAR4-02
    W/F 9:00 – 10:30am

    RSW NO. 2
    The Research Problems and Not Research Problems
    Date Due: January 20, 2023

    CARLEN M. ZARCILLA
    STUDENT

    AR. ALLAN FERDINAND M. AQUINO


    INSTRUCTOR
    Research Problem
    The first and most important step of a research is formulation of research problems. It is like the
    foundation of a building to be constructed. To solve a problem someone has to know about the
    problem. So, the problem identification and formulation is very crucial for the researcher before
    conducting a research, and this is perhaps one of the most difficult aspects of any research
    undertaking. The “problem” is stated in the opening passages of a study and, in effect, provides a
    reader the rationale for why the study is important and why it is necessary to read.

    Research, in a very general term, is a systematic way for finding things you and other people did
    not know, which are called as research problems. research is a process consisting of the
    identifying and defining research problem, formulating and testing the hypothesis through data
    collection, organization and analysis, making deductions and reaching of conclusion from the
    test results of the hypotheses, and reporting and evaluating the research. Viewing its
    process, research is essentially a problem driven activity. Since research is problem driven,
    the first thing to deal in undertaking a study is to identify and determine the problem to
    study. Identifying a research problem is important because, as the issue or concern in a
    particular setting that motivates and guides the need for conducting a study, it lays the foundation
    for an entire project.

    What is a Research Problem?

    A research problem is a statement that addresses a gap in knowledge, a challenge or a


    contradiction in a particular field. Scientists use research problems to identify and define the aim
    of their study and analysis. You may decide to conduct research based on a problem if you're
    interested in contributing to social or scientific change or supplying additional knowledge to an
    existing topic. A research problem may also help identify key concepts and terms, overarching
    questions and variables associated with a study.

    The identification of the research problem is the first step in the research process. It is similar to
    the identification of the destination before a journey. It works as the foundation for the whole
    research process. In the field of social sciences, a research problem is presented in the form of a
    question. It helps in narrowing down the issue to something reasonable for conducting a study.
    Defining a research problem serves three main purposes:

     It presents the importance of the research topic.


     It helps the researcher place the problem in a specific context to properly define the
    parameters of the investigation.
     It provides a framework that can help in presenting the results in the future.
    In absolute terms, a research problem can be defined as a statement regarding the area of
    concern, a condition that needs to be improved, an unresolved question that exists in the
    literature, a difficulty that needs to be eliminated or any point that needs some meaningful
    investigation.

    A. Descriptive Research Problems

    Descriptive research problems focus on questions like „what is ?‟, with its main aim to describe
    the situation, state or the existence of certain specific phenomena. They seek to depict what
    already exists in a group or population. For such studies, surveys and opinion polls are best
    suitable because they require systematic observation of social issues.

    These problems use two different ways to collect data- cross-sectional studies and longitudinal
    studies. Cross-sectional studies provide a snapshot of data at a certain moment in time. On the
    other hand, longitudinal studies involve a fixed and stable sample that is measured repeatedly
    over time. However, in both cases, methods that can be used to collect data include mail, online
    or offline surveys, and interviews. When a researcher is dealing with a descriptive research
    problem, there can be no manipulation in the variables and hypotheses as they are usually non-
    directional.

    Examples:

    1. Sleeping habits of students.


    2. Qualities of a good manager.
    3. Characteristics of a schizophrenic.

    A. Causal Research Problems

    Causal research problems focus on identifying the extent and nature of cause-and-effect
    relationships. Such research problems help in assessing the impact of some changes on existing
    norms and processes. They thus identify patterns of relationships between different elements.

    In such cases, experiments are the most popular way of collecting primary data. Here, the
    hypothesis is usually directional, i.e. explaining how one factor affects the behaviour of another
    one. Such studies give the researcher the freedom to manipulate the variables as desired. Data for
    causal research can be collected in two ways:

     laboratory experiments and,


     field experiments.
    Laboratory experiments are generally conducted in an artificial environment which allows the
    researcher to carefully manipulate the variables. On the other hand, field experiments are much
    more realistic. It is sometimes not possible to control the variables. This makes it difficult for the
    researcher to predict with confidence what produced a given outcome.

    Examples:

    1. Personality traits and success in studies.


    2. Difference in lifestyle between the above and below 16 year olds.
    3. The difference in academic results in teenagers spending more than 5 hours in
    social media.

    B. Relational Research Problems

    This research problem states that some sort of relationship between two variables needs to be
    investigated. The aim is to investigate the qualities or characteristics that are connected in some
    way.

    Thus, this sort of research problem requires more than one variable that describes the
    relationship between them.

    Examples:

    1. The relationship between reading and writing.


    2. The relationship between alcohol readings and severity of accidents.
    3. The relationship between the hours spent on social media and academic results.

    What is Not a Research Problem?

    Not all problems can be researchable. Some problems are researchable while others are non-
    researchable. Since research must result in data, one must evaluate beforehand whether such data
    can be found through a research exercise.

    A non-researchable research question is, therefore, one that is not formulated to enable a testable
    hypothesis to be generated. This does not mean that the topic is not capable of sustaining
    research. Often it is a matter of recasting the question so that specific testable hypotheses can be
    formulated.

    Non-researchable questions could be too broad or vague, or they could be questions for which
    answers are easily obtainable.
    Non Researchable Problems

     Not all problems of interest to nurses are researchable


     Value questions or questions that involve choosing a moral course of action are not
    researchable
     Policy questions may not be directly researchable although research findings may inform
    or shape policy

    In short Researchable problems imply the possibility of empirical investigation. Non-


    researchable problems include explanations of how to do something, vague propositions, and
    value-based concerns.

    Examples:

    Researchable vs. Non-researchable

    Researchable

    1. Should I put my youngster in preschool?


    2. What is the best way to learn to read?
    3. Are some people born bad?

    Not Researchable

    1. Do children enrolled in preschool develop better social skills than children not
    enrolled?
    2. At which age is it better to introduce phonics to children- age 5, age 6 or age 7?
    3. Who commits more crimes- poor people or rich people?

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