S5 Syllabus

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
SEMESTER V
CATEGORY L T P CREDITS
ECT301 LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
PCC 3 1 0 4
Preamble: This course aims to develop the skill to design circuits using operational amplifiers and
other linear ICs for various applications.
Prerequisite: EC202 Analog Circuits
Course Outcomes: After the completion of the course the student will be able to
CO 1 Understand Op Amp fundamentals and differential amplifier configurations
CO 2 Design operational amplifier circuits for various applications

CO 3 Design Oscillators and active filters using opamps
CO4 Explain the working and applications of timer, VCO and PLL ICs
CO5 Outline the working of Voltage regulator IC’s and Data converters
Mapping of course outcomes with program outcomes
PO 1 PO 2 PO 3 PO 4 PO 5 PO 6 PO 7 PO 8 PO 9 PO PO PO
10 11 12
CO 1 3 3 1 2 1
CO 2 3 3 2 2 2 1
CO 3 3 3 2 2 2 1
CO 4 3 3 1 2 2 1
CO 5 3 3 2 2 2 1
Assessment Pattern
Bloom’s Category Continuous Assessment End Semester Examination

Tests
1 2
Remember K1 10 10 10
Understand K2 30 30 60
Apply K3 10 10 30
Analyse K4
Evaluate
Create
Mark distribution
Total CIE ESE ESE Duration

Marks
150 50 100 3 hours
Continuous Internal Evaluation Pattern:
Attendance : 10 marks
Continuous Assessment Test (2 numbers) : 25 marks
Assignment/Quiz/Course project : 15 marks
End Semester Examination Pattern: There will be two parts; Part A and Part B. Part A
contain 10 questions with 2 questions from each module, having 3 marks for each question.
Students should answer all questions. Part B contains 2 questions from each module of
which student should answer any one. Each question can have maximum 2 sub-divisions
and carry 14 marks.
Course Level Assessment Questions
Course Outcome 1 (CO1): Analyze differential amplifier configurations.
1. Explain the working of BJT differential amplifiers.

2. Calculate the input resistance, output resistance, voltage gain and CMRR of
differential amplifiers.
3. Explain the non-ideal parameters of differential amplifiers.
4. Derive CMRR, input resistance and output resistance of a dual input
balanced output differential amplifier configuration.
Course Outcome 2 (CO2): Design operational amplifier circuits for various applications.
1. Design an opamp circuit to obtain an output voltage V0=-(2V1+4V2 + 3V3)

2. A 741C op-amp is used as an inverting amplifier with a gain of 50. The voltage gain vs
frequency curve of 741C is flat upto 20kHz.What maximum peak to peak input signal can be
applied without distorting the output?
3. With the help of a neat circuit diagram, derive the equation for the output voltage of an
Instrumentation amplifier.
4. With the help of circuit diagrams and graphs, explain the working of a Full wave Precision
rectifier.
Course Outcome 3 (CO3): Design active filters using opamps
1. Derive the design equations for a second order Butterworth active low pass filter.
2. Design a Notch filter to eliminate power supply hum (50 Hz).
3. Design a first order low pass filter at a cut-off frequency of 2kHz with a pass band gain of 3
Course Outcome 4 (CO4): Explain the working and applications of specialized ICs
1. With the help of internal diagram explain the monostable operation of timer IC 555.
Draw the input and different output waveforms. Derive the equation for pulse width.
2. Explain the operation of Phase Locked Loop. What is lock range and capture range?
Realize a summing amplifier to obtain a given output voltage.
3. Design a circuit to multiply the incoming frequency by a factor of 5 using 565 PLL.
Course Outcome 5 (CO5): Outline the working of Voltage regulator IC’s and Data
converters
1. What is the principle of operation of Dual slope ADC. Deduce the relationship between
analogue input and digital output of the ADC.
2. Explain how current boosting is achieved using I.C 723
3. Explain the working of successive approximation ADC
SYLLABUS
Module 1:
Operational amplifiers(Op Amps): The 741 Op Amp, Block diagram, Ideal op-amp parameters,
typical parameter values for 741, Equivalent circuit, Open loop configurations, Voltage transfer
curve, Frequency response curve.
Differential Amplifiers: Differential amplifier configurations using BJT, DC Analysis- transfer

characteristics; AC analysis- differential and common mode gains, CMRR, input and output
resistance, Voltage gain. Constant current bias, constant current source; Concept of current
mirror-the two transistor current mirror, Wilson and Widlar current mirrors.
Module 2:
Op-amp with negative feedback: General concept of Voltage Series, Voltage Shunt, current
series and current shunt negative feedback, Op Amp circuits with voltage series and voltage shunt
feedback, Virtual ground Concept; analysis of practical inverting and non-inverting amplifiers for
closed loop gain, Input Resistance and Output Resistance.
Op-amp applications: Summer, Voltage Follower-loading effects, Differential and
Instrumentation Amplifiers, Voltage to current and Current to voltage converters, Integrator,
Differentiator, Precision rectifiers, Comparators, Schmitt Triggers, Log and antilog amplifiers.
Module 3:
Op-amp Oscillators and Multivibrators: Phase Shift and Wien-bridge Oscillators, Triangular and
Sawtooth waveform generators, Astable and monostable multivibrators.
Active filters: Comparison with passive filters, First and second order low pass, High pass, Band
pass and band reject active filters, state variable filters.
Module 4 :
Timer and VCO: Timer IC 555- Functional diagram, Astable and monostable operations;. Basic
concepts of Voltage Controlled Oscillator and application of VCO IC LM566,
Phase Locked Loop – Operation, Closed loop analysis, Lock and capture range, Basic building
blocks, PLL IC 565, Applications of PLL.
Module 5:
Voltage Regulators: Fixed and Adjustable voltage regulators, IC 723 – Low voltage and high
voltage configurations, Current boosting, Current limiting, Short circuit and Fold-back protection.
Data Converters: Digital to Analog converters, Specifications, Weighted resistor type and R-2R
Ladder type.
Analog to Digital Converters: Specifications, Flash type and Successive approximation type.
Text Books
1. Roy D. C. and S. B. Jain, Linear Integrated Circuits, New Age International, 3/e, 2010
Reference Books
1. DFranco S., Design with Operational Amplifiers and Analog Integrated Circuits, 3/e,
Tata McGraw Hill, 2008
2. Gayakwad R. A., Op-Amps and Linear Integrated Circuits, Prentice Hall, 4/e, 2010
3. Salivahanan S. and V. S. K. Bhaaskaran, Linear Integrated Circuits, Tata McGraw
Hill, 2008.
4. Botkar K. R., Integrated Circuits, 10/e, Khanna Publishers, 2010
5. C.G. Clayton, Operational Amplifiers, Butterworth & Company Publ. Ltd. Elsevier,
1971
6. David A. Bell, Operational Amplifiers & Linear ICs, Oxford University Press,
2nd edition,2010
7. R.F. Coughlin & Fredrick Driscoll, Operational Amplifiers & Linear Integrated
Circuits,6th Edition, PHI,2001
8. Sedra A. S. and K. C. Smith, Microelectronic Circuits, 6/e, Oxford University Press,
2013.
Course Contents and Lecture Schedule
No. of
No Topic
Lectures
1 Operational amplifiers (9)
1.1 The 741 Op Amp, Block diagram, Ideal op-amp parameters, typical 1
parameter values for 741
1.2 Equivalent circuit, Open loop configurations, Voltage transfer curve, 1
Frequency response curve.
1.3 Differential amplifier configurations using BJT, DC Analysis- transfer 2
characteristics
1.4 AC analysis- differential and common mode gains, CMRR, input and 2
output resistance, Voltage gain
1.5 Constant current bias and constant current source 1
1.6 Concept of current mirror, the two transistor current mirror Wilson and 2
Widlar current mirrors.
2 Op-amp with negative feedback and Op-amp applications (11)

2.1 General concept of Voltage Series, Voltage Shunt, current series and 1
current shunt negative feedback
2.2 Op Amp circuits with voltage series and voltage shunt feedback, Virtual 1
ground Concept
2.3 Analysis of practical inverting and non-inverting amplifier 2
2.4 Summer, Voltage Follower-loading effect 1
2.5 Differential and Instrumentation Amplifiers 1
2.6 Voltage to current and Current to voltage converters 1
2.7 Integrator, Differentiator 1

2.8 Precision rectifiers-half wave and full wave 1
2.9 Comparators, Schmitt Triggers 1
2.10 Log and antilog amplifier 1
3 Op-amp Oscillators and Multivibrators (10)
3.1 Phase Shift and Wien-bridge Oscillators, 2
3.2 Triangular and Sawtooth waveform generators, Astable and monostable 2

multivibrators
3.3 Comparison, design of First and second order low pass and High pass 2
active filters
3.4 Design of Second Order Band pass and band reject filters 2
3.5 State variable filters 2
4 Timer, VCO and PLL ( 9)
4.1 Timer IC 555- Functional diagram, Astable and monostable operations. 2
4.2 Basic concepts of Voltage Controlled Oscillator 1
4.3 Application of VCO IC LM566 2
4.4 PLL Operation, Closed loop analysis Lock and capture range. 2
4.5 Basic building blocks, PLL IC 565, Applications of PLL 2
5 Voltage regulators and Data converters (9)
5.1 Fixed and Adjustable voltage regulators 1
5.2 IC 723 – Low voltage and high voltage configurations, 2
5.3 Current boosting, Current limiting, Short circuit and Fold-back protection. 2
5.4 Digital to Analog converters, Specifications, Weighted resistor type and 2

R-2R Ladder type.
5.5 Analog to Digital Converters: Specifications, Flash type and Successive 2
approximation type.
Assignment:
Assignment may be given on related innovative topics on linear IC, like Analog multiplier- Gilbert
multiplier cell, variable trans-conductance technique, application of analog multiplier IC AD633.,
sigma delta or other types of ADC etc. At least one assignment should be simulation of opamp
circuits on any circuit simulation software. The following simulations can be done in QUCS, KiCad
or PSPICE.(The course instructor is free to add or modify the list)
1. Design and simulate a BJT differential amplifier. Observe the input and output signals. Plot
the AC frequency response
2. Design and simulate Wien bridge oscillator for a frequency of 10 kHz. Run a transient
simulation and observe the output waveform.
3. Design and implement differential amplifier and measure its CMRR. Plot its transfer
characteristics.
4. Design and simulate non-inverting amplifier for gain 5. Observe the input and output signals.
Run the ac simulation and observe the frequency response and 3− db bandwidth.
5. Design and simulate a 3 bit flash type ADC. Observe the output bit patterns and transfer
characteristics
6. Design and simulate R − 2R DAC circuit.
7. Design and implement Schmitt trigger circuit for upper triggering point of +8 V and a lower
triggering point of −4 V using op-amps.
Model Question
APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

FIFTH SEMESTER B.TECH DEGREE EXAMINATION, (Model Question Paper)
Course Code: ECT301

Program: Electronics and Communication Engineering
Course Name: Linear Integrated Circuits
Max. Marks: 100 Duration: 3 Hours
PART A
Answer ALL Questions. Each Carries 3 mark.
1. Draw and list the functions of 741 IC pins K1

2. Define slew rate with its unit. What is its effect at the output signal? K2
3. How the virtual ground is different from actual ground? K2
4. A differential amplifier has a common mode gain of 0.05 and difference mode gain of
1000.Calculate the output voltage for two signals V1 = 1mV and V2 = 0.9Mv K3
5. Design a non-inverting amplifier for a gain of 11 K3
6. Design a second order Butterworth Low Pass Filter with fH= 2KHz K3
7. Draw the circuit of monostable multivibrator using opamp. K1
8. What is the principle of VCO?. K1
9. Mention 3 applications of PLL. K2
10. Define the following terms with respect to DAC (i)Resolution (ii)Linearity
(iii) Full scale output voltage K2
Differentiate between line and load regulations. K3
PART – B
Answer one question from each module; each question carries 14 marks.
Module I
11. a) Derive CMRR, input resistance and output resistance of a dual 7 CO1 K3
input balanced output differential amplifier configuration.
11. b) What is the principle of operation of Wilson current mirror 7 CO1 K2
and its advantages? Deduce the expression for its current
gain.
OR
12.a) Draw the equivalent circuit of an operational amplifier. Explain 6 CO1 K3
voltage transfer characteristics of an operational amplifier.
12.b) Explain the following properties of a practical opamp (i) 8 CO1 K2
Bandwidth (ii) Slew rate (iii) Input offset voltage (iv) Input offset
current
Module II
13. a) Design a fullwave rectifier to rectify an ac signal of 0.2V peak- 7 CO2 K3

to-peak. Explain its principle of operation.
13. b) Draw the circuit diagram of a differential instrumentation amplifier 7 CO2 K2
with a transducer bridge and show that the output voltage is
proportional to the change in resistance.
OR
14.a) Derive the following characteristics of voltage shunt amplifier: 7 CO2 K3
i) Closed loop voltage gain ii)Input resistance
iii) Output resistance iv)Bandwidth
14.b) Explain the working of an inverting Schmitt trigger and draw its 7 CO2 K2
transfer characteristics.
Moduel III
15 a) Derive the equation for frequency of oscillation (f0) of a Wein 7 CO3 K3
Bridge oscillator. Design a Wein Bridge oscillator for f0 = 1KHz.
15 b) Derive the equation for the transfer function of a first order wide 7 CO3 K3
Band Pass filter.
OR
16a Derive the design equations for a second order Butterworth active 7 CO3 K3
low pass filter.
16b Design a circuit to generate 1KHz triangular wave with 5V peak. 7 CO3 K3
Module IV
17 a) Design a circuit to multiply the incoming frequency by a factor of 5 8 CO4 K3
using 565 PLL.
17 b) With the help of internal diagram explain the monostable 6 CO4 K2
operation of timer IC 555. Draw the input and output waveforms.
Derive the equation for pulse width.
OR
18 a) Design a monostable multi-vibrator for a pulse duration of 1ms 7 CO4 K3
using IC555.
18 b) Explain the operation of Phase Locked Loop. What is lock range 7 CO4 K2
and capture range?
Module V
19 a) Explain the working of R-2R ladder type DAC. In a 10 bit DAC, 7 CO5 K2
reference voltage is given as 15V. Find analog output for digital
input of 1011011001.
19 b) Explain how short circuit, fold back protection and current 7 CO5 K2
boosting are done using IC723 voltage regulator.
OR
20 a) With a functional diagram, explain the principle of operation of 7 CO5 K2
Successive approximation type ADC.
20 b) With a neat circuit diagram, explain the operation of a 3-bit flash 7 CO5 K2
converter.
DIGITAL SIGNAL CATEGORY L T P CREDIT

ECT303 PROCESSING PCC 3 1 0 4
Preamble: This course aims to provide an understanding of the principles, algorithms and
applications of DSP.
Prerequisite: ECT 204 Signals and systems
State and prove the fundamental properties and relations relevant to DFT and
CO 1
solve basic problems involving DFT based filtering methods
CO 2 Compute DFT and IDFT using DIT and DIF radix-2 FFT algorithms
CO 3 Design linear phase FIR filters and IIR filters for a given specification
Illustrate the various FIR and IIR filter structures for the realization of the
CO 4
given system function
Explain the basic multi-rate DSP operations decimation and interpolation in
CO5
both time and frequency domains using supported mathematical equations
Explain the architecture of DSP processor (TMS320C67xx) and the finite word
CO6 length effects
PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
CO 1 3 3 2 2 2
CO 2 3 3 3 3 2
CO 3 3 3 3 3 2
CO 4 3 3 2 3 2
CO5 2 2 2 2 2
CO6 2 2 - - 2
Assessment Pattern
Bloom’s Category Continuous Assessment End Semester

Tests Examination
1 2
Apply K3 20 20 60
Analyse K4
Evaluate
Create
Mark distribution
Total Marks CIE ESE ESE Duration

150 50 100 3 hours
Students should answer all questions. Part B contains 2 questions from each module of which
student should answer any one. Each question can have maximum 2 sub-divisions and carry
14 marks.
CO1: State and prove the fundamental properties and relations relevant to DFT and
solve basic problems involving DFT based filtering methods
1. Determine the N-point DFT X(k) of the N point sequences given by (i) x1(n)=sin(2πn/N) n/N)
(ii) x2(n)=cos2(2πn/N) n/N)
2. Show that if x(n) is a real valued sequence, then its DFT X(k) is also real and even
CO2: Compute DFT and IDFT using DIT and DIF radix-2 FFT algorithms
1. Find the 8 point DFT of a real sequence x(n)={1,2,2,2,1,0,0,0,0} using Decimation in

frequency algorithm?
2. Find out the number of complex multiplications require to perform an 1024 point DFT
using(i)direct computation and (ii) using radix 2 FFT algorithm?
CO3: Design linear phase FIR filters and IIR filters for a given specification
1. Design a linear phase FIR filter with order M=15 and cut-off frequency πn/N) /6 .Use a
Hanning Window.
2. Design a low pass digital butter-worth filter using bilinear transformation for the given
specifications. Passband ripple ≤1dB, Passband edge:4kHz, Stopband Attenuation:≥40
dB, Stopband edge:6kHz, Sampling requency:24 kHz
CO4: Illustrate the various FIR and IIR filter structures for the realization of the given
system function
1. Obtain the direct form II and transpose structure of the filter whose transfer function is
given below.
2
0 .44 z + 0.362 z+ 0.02
H ( z )= 3
z +.4 z 2+.18 z −0.2
2. Realize an FIR system with the given difference equation y(n)=x(n)-0.5x(n-1)+0.25x(n-

2)+0.5x(n-3)-0.4x(n-4)+0.2x(n-5)
CO5: Explain the basic multi-rate DSP operations decimation and interpolation in both
time and frequency domains using supported mathematical equations
1. Derive the frequency domain expression of the factor of 2 up-sampler whose input is
given by x(n) and transform by X(k)?
2. Bring out the role of an anti-imaging filter in a sampling rate converter?
CO6: Explain the architecture of DSP processor TMS320C67xx and the finite word
length effects
1. Derive the variance of quantization noise in an ADC with step size Δ, assuming
uniformly distributed quantization noise with zero mean ?
2. Bring out the architectural features of TMS320C67xx digital signal processor?
SYLLABUS
Module 1
Basic Elements of a DSP system, Typical DSP applications, Finite-length discrete transforms,
Orthogonal transforms – The Discrete Fourier Transform: DFT as a linear transformation (Matrix
relations), Relationship of the DFT to other transforms, IDFT, Properties of DFT and examples.
Circular convolution, Linear Filtering methods based on the DFT, linear convolution using
circular convolution, Filtering of long data sequences, overlap save and overlap add methods,
Frequency Analysis of Signals using the DFT (concept only required)
Module 2
Efficient Computation of DFT: Fast Fourier Transform Algorithms-Radix-2 Decimation in Time
and Decimation in Frequency FFT Algorithms, IDFT computation using Radix-2 FFT
Algorithms, Application of FFT Algorithms, Efficient computation of DFT of Two Real
Sequences and a 2N-Point Real Sequence
Module 3
Design of FIR Filters - Symmetric and Anti-symmetric FIR Filters, Design of linear phase FIR
filters using Window methods, (rectangular, Hamming and Hanning) and frequency sampling
method, Comparison of design methods for Linear Phase FIR Filters. Design of IIRDigital
Filters from Analog Filters (Butterworth), IIR Filter Design by Impulse Invariance, and
Bilinear Transformation, Frequency Transformations in the Analog and Digital Domain.
Module 4
Structures for the realization of Discrete Time Systems - Block diagram and signal flow graph
representations of filters, FIR Filter Structures: Linear structures, Direct Form, CascadeForm,
IIR Filter Structures: Direct Form, Transposed Form, Cascade Form and Parallel Form,
Computational Complexity of Digital filter structures. Multi-rate Digital Signal Processing:
Decimation and Interpolation (Time domain and Frequency Domain Interpretation ),
Anti- aliasing and anti-imaging filter.
Module 5
Computer architecture for signal processing: Harvard Architecture, pipelining, MAC,
Introduction to TMS320C67xx digital signal processor, Functional Block Diagram.
Finite word length effects in DSP systems: Introduction (analysis not required), fixed-point
and floating-point DSP arithmetic, ADC quantization noise, Finite word length effects in
IIRdigital filters: coefficient quantization errors. Finite word length effects in FFT
algorithms: Round off errors
Text Books
1. Proakis J. G. and Manolakis D. G., Digital Signal Processing, 4/e, Pearson Education,
2007
2. Alan V Oppenheim, Ronald W. Schafer ,Discrete-Time Signal Processing, 3rd Edition ,
Pearson ,2010
3. Mitra S. K., Digital Signal Processing: A Computer Based Approach, 4/e McGraw Hill
(India) 2014
Reference Books
4. Ifeachor E.C. and Jervis B. W., Digital Signal Processing: A Practical Approach, 2/e
Pearson Education, 2009.
5. Lyons, Richard G., Understanding Digital Signal Processing, 3/e. Pearson Education
India, 2004.
6. Salivahanan S, Digital Signal Processing,4e, Mc Graw –Hill Education New Delhi, 2019
7. Chassaing, Rulph., DSP applications using C and the TMS320C6x DSK. Vol. 13. John
Wiley & Sons, 2003.
8. Vinay.K.Ingle, John.G.Proakis, Digital Signal Processing: Bookware Companion
Series,Thomson,2004
9. Chen, C.T., “Digital Signal Processing: Spectral Computation & Filter Design”, Oxford
Univ. Press, 2001.
10. Monson H Hayes, “Schaums outline: Digital Signal Processing”, McGraw HillProfessional,
1999
No. Topic No. of

Lectures
1 Module 1
1.1 Basic Elements of a DSP system, Typical DSP
applications, Finite length Discrete transforms, Orthogonal 1
transforms
1.2 The Discrete Fourier Transform: DFT as a linear
1
transformation(Matrix relations),
1.3 Relationship of the DFT to other transforms, IDFT 1
1.4 Properties of DFT and examples ,Circular convolution 2
1.5 Linear Filtering methods based on the DFT- linear
convolution using circular convolution, Filtering of long data 3
sequences, overlap save and overlap add methods,
1.6 Frequency Analysis of Signals using the DFT(concept only
1
required)
2 Module 2
2.1 Efficient Computation of DFT: Fast Fourier Transform 1
Algorithms
2.2 Radix-2 Decimation in Time and Decimation in Frequency 4
FFT Algorithms
2.3 IDFT computation using Radix-2 FFT Algorithms 2
2.4 Application of FFT Algorithms-Efficient computation of DFT of 1
Two Real Sequences and a 2N-Point Real Sequence
3 Module 3
3.1 Design of FIR Filters- Symmetric and Anti-symmetric FIR Filters, 4

Design of linear phase FIR filters using Window methods,
(rectangular, Hamming and Hanning)
3.2 Design of linear phase FIR filters using frequency sampling 2
Method, Comparison of Design Methods for Linear Phase FIR
Filters
3.3 Design of IIR Digital Filters from Analog Filters, 3
(Butterworth), IIR Filter Design by Impulse Invariance
3.4 IIR Filter Design by Bilinear Transformation 2
3.5 Frequency Transformations in the Analog and Digital Domain. 1
4 Module 4
4.1 Structures for the realization of Discrete Time Systems- Block 2
diagram and signal flow graph representations of
filters
4.2 FIR Filter Structures: (Linear structures), Direct Form ,2
Cascade Form
4.3 IIR Filter Structures: Direct Form, Cascade Form and 3
Parallel Form
4.3 Computational Complexity of Digital filter structures. 1
4.4 Multi-rate Digital Signal Processing: Decimation and Interpolation 3
(Time domain and Frequency Domain Interpretation ), Anti-aliasing
and anti-imaging filter.
5 Module 5
5.1 Computer architecture for signal processing : Harvard Architecture, 3
pipelining, MAC, Introduction to
TMS320C67xx digital signal processor ,Functional Block Diagram
5.2 Finite word length effects in DSP systems: Introduction 3
(analysis not required), fixed-point and floating-point DSP
arithmetic, ADC quantization noise,
5.3 Finite word length effects in IIR digital filters: coefficient 2
quantization errors.
5.4 Finite word length effects in FFT algorithms: Round off 1
errors
ELECTRONICS
Simulation & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Assignments
The following simulations to be done in Scilab/ Matlab/ LabView/GNU Octave:

1. Consider a signal given by x(n)=[1,1,1,1].
1. Compute the DTFT of the given sequence and plot its magnitude and phase
2. Compute the 4 point DFT of the above signal and plot its magnitude and phase
3. Compare the above plots and obtain the relationship?
2. Zero pad the sequence x(n) by 4 and compute the 8 point DFT and find the
corresponding magnitude and phase plots. Compare the spectra with that in (b) and
comment on it.
3. The first five values of the 8 point DFT of a real valued sequence x(n) are given by
{0.25, 0.125-j0.3, 0, 0.125-j0.06, 0.5}. Determine the DFT of each of the following
sequences using properties. Hint :IDFT may not be computed.
1. x1(n)=x((2-n))8
2. x3(n)=x2(n)
3. x4(n)=x(n)ejπn/N) in/4
4. a) Develop a function to implement the over-lap add method using circular
convolution operation. The format should be function [y]=overlappadd(x,h,N), where
y is the output sequence, x is the input sequence and N is the block -
length>=2*Length(h)-1.
1. Incorporate the radix-2 FFT implementation in the above function to obtain a

high speed overlap add block convolution routine. Choose N=8. Hint :choose
N=2k
5. Design a low pass digital filter to be used in the given structure
xa(t) A/D H(z) D/A

ya(t)
to satisfy the following requirements. Sampling rate of 8000samples/second, Pass

band edge of 1500Hz with a ripple of 3dB, Stopband edge of 2000Hz with attenuation of
40 dB, Equiripple passband but monotonic stopband. (Use impulse invariance
technique)
1. Choose T=1 s for impulse invariance and determine the system function H(z) in
parallel form.Plot the log-magnitude response in dB and impulse response h(n)
2. Choose T=1/8000 s and repeat the same procedure. Compare this design with that in
(a) and comment on the effect of T on the impulse invariant design?
6. A filter is described by the following difference equation:
16y(n)+12y(n-1)+2y(n-2)-4y(n-3)-y(n-4)=x(n)-3x(n-1)+11x(n-2)-27x(n-3)+18x(n-4)
1. Determine the Direct form filter structure
2. Using the Direct form structure, obtain the cascade form filter structure
7. Consider a signal given by x(n)=(0.5)nu(n). Decimate the signal by a factor 4 and plot
the output in time domain and frequency domain?
1. Interpolate the signal by a factor of 4 and plot the output in time domain and
frequency domain?
2. Compare the spectra and obtain the inference?
Model Question Paper
A P J Abdul Kalam Technological University
Fifth Semester B Tech Degree Examination

Branch: Electronics and Communication Engg.
Course: ECT 303 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
Time: 3 Hrs Max. Marks: 100

PART A
Answer All Questions. Each question carry 3 marks
1 .Derive the relationship of DFT to Z-transform? (3)K3

2.Find the circular convolution of two sequences x1(n)={1, 2,-2,1,3},x2(n)={2,-1,3,1,1} (3)K3
3 Illustrate the basic butterfly computation used in decimation in time radix-2 FFT algorithm?(3)K1
4 Bring out the computational advantage of performing an N-point DFT using radix-2 FFT
compared to direct method?
5. Determine the frequency response of a linear phase FIR filter given by the difference
equation y(n)=0.15x(n)+0.25x(n-1)+x(n-3). Also find the phase delay (3) K3
6 .An all pole analog filter is given by the transfer function H(s)=1 /(s 2+5s+6). Find out the
transfer function H(z) of the equivalent digital filter using impulse invariance method. Use
T=1s (3) K3
7.Obtain the cascade form realization of the third order IIR filter transfer function given by
0 .44 z 2+ 0.362 z +0.02
H ( z ) =
( z 2+ 0 .8 z ❑+.0 .5 ) ( z − 0.4 ) (3) K3
8. Prove that a factor of L upsampler is a linear-time varying system. (3) K3

9. Differentiate between Harvard architecture and Von-Nuemann Architecture used in
processors? (3) K1
10. Express the fraction 7/8 and -7/8 in sign-magnitude, two’s compliment and one’s
compliment format? (3) K3
Part B & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
ELECTRONICS
Answer any one Question from each module. Each question carries 14 Marks
11. a) How will you perform linear convolution using circular convolution? Find the linear
convolution of the given sequences x(n) = {2, 9,7, 4} and h(n) = {1, 3, 1, 2} using
circular convolution? (8) K3
b) Explain the following properties of DFT a) Linearity b) Complex conjugate property c)

Circular Convolution d) Time Reversal (6) K2
OR
12.a.) The first eight points of 14-point DFT of a real valued sequence are
{12, -1+j3, 3+j4, 1-j5, -2+j2, 6+j3, -2-j3, 10}
i) Determine the remaining points
ii) Evaluate x[0] without computing the IDFT of X(k)?
iii) Evaluate IDFT to obtain the real sequence ? (8)K3
b) Explain with appropriate diagrams, the overlap-add method for filtering of long data
sequences using DFT? (6) K2
13.a) Compute the 8 point DFT of x(n) = {2,1,-1,3,5,2,4,1} using radix-2 decimation in time
FFT algorithm. (9) K3
b)Bring out how a 2N point DFT of a 2N point sequence can be found using the
computation of a single N point DFT. (5) K3
OR
14 a.) Find the 8 point DFT of a real sequence x(n)={1,2,2,2,1,0,0,0,0} using radix-2
decimation in frequency algorithm (9)K3
b) Bring out how N-point DFT of two real valued sequences can be found by computing
a single N-point DFT. (5) K3
15.a. Design a linear phase FIR low pass filter having length M = 15 and cut-off frequency ωc
= πn/N) /6. Use Hamming window. (10) K3
b.Prove that if z1 is a zero of an FIR filter, then 1/z1 is also a zero? (4) K2
OR
16. a. Design a digital Butterworth low pass filter with ω p = πn/N) /6, ωs = πn/N) /4, minimum pass band
gain = -2 dB and minimum stop band attenuation = 8 dB. Use bilinear transformation.(Take T
= 1s) (10) K3
b. What is warping effect in bilinear transformation and how it can be eliminated? (4) K2
17.a) Derive and draw the direct form-I, direct form-II and cascade form realization of the
given filter, whose difference equation is given as
y ( n )=0.1 y ( n −1 ) +0.2 y ( n− 2 ) +3 x ( n ) +3.6 x ( n− 1 ) +0.6 x ( n − 2 ) (9) K3
b) Differentiate between anti-aliasing and anti-imaging

filters. (5) K2
OR
18.a) Obtain the expression of output y(n) as a function of x(n) for the multi-rate structure
given below? (9) K3
b) Draw the transposed direct form II Structure of the system given by the difference
equation y(n)=05.y(n-1)-0.25y(n-2)+x(n)+x(n-1) . (5)K2
19.a.With the help of a functional block diagram, explain the architecture of TMS320C67xx
DSP processor? (10) K2
b.What are the prominent features of TMS320C67xx compared to its predecessors ?
(4) K2
OR
20.a)Explain how to minimize the effect of finite word length in IIR digital filters? (7) K2
b)Explain the roundoff error models used in FFT algorithms? (7) K2
ANALOG AND DIGITAL CATEGORY L T P CREDIT

ECT305
COMMUNICATION PCC 3 1 0 4
Preamble: This course aims to develop analog and digital communication systems.
Prerequisite: ECT 204 Signals and Systems, MAT 204 Probability, Random Process and
Numerical Methods
CO 1 Explain the existent analog communication systems.
CO 2 Apply the concepts of random processes to LTI systems.
CO 3 Apply waveform coding techniques in digital transmission.
CO 4 Apply GS procedure to develop digital receivers.
CO 5 Apply equalizer design to counteract ISI.
CO 6 Apply digital modulation techniques in signal transmission.

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
CO 1 3 3
CO 2 3 3 2 3 3
CO 3 3 3 2 3 3 2 2
CO 4 3 3 2 3 3 2 2
CO 5 3 3 2 3 3 2 2
CO 6 3 3 2 3 3 2 2
Assessment Pattern
Tests
1 2
Remember 10 10 20
Understand 30 30 60
Apply 10 10 20
Analyse
Evaluate
Create
Mark distribution
Total CIE ESE ESE
Marks Duration
150 50 100 3 hours

End Semester Examination Pattern: There will be two parts; Part A and Part B. Part A contain 10
questions with 2 questions from each module, having 3 marks for each question. Students should
answer all questions. Part B contains 2 questions from each module of which student should answer
any one. Each question can have maximum 2 sub-divisions and carry 14 marks.
Course Outcome 1 (CO1): The existent analog communication system

1. What are the needs for analog modulation
2. Give the mathematical model of FM signal and explain its spectrum.
Course Outcome 2 (CO2): Application of random processes

1. Compute the entropy of a Gaussian random variable.
2. A six faced die is thrown by a player. He gets Rs. 100 if face 6 turns up, loses Rs. 20
if face 3 or 4 turn up, gets Rs. 50 if face 5 turns up and loses Rs 10 if face 1 or 2 turn up. Draw the
pdf and CDF for the random variable. Check if it is profitable based on statistical expectation.
Course Outcome 3 (CO3): Waveform coding

1. Compute the A and mu law quantized values of a signal that is normalized to 0.8 with A=32 and
mu=255.
2. Design a 3-tap linear predictor for speech signals with the autocorrelation vector
[0.95,0.85,0.7,0.6] , based on Wiener-Hopf equation. Compute the minimum mean square error.
Course Outcome 4 (CO4): G-S Procedure and effects in the channel

1. Apply G-S procedure on the following signals and plot their signal space.
2. Derive the Nyquist criterion for zero ISI.
Course Outcome 5 (CO5): Digital modulation

1. Give the mathematical model of a BPSK signal and plot its signal constellation.
2. Draw the BER-SNR plot for the BPSK system
SYLLABUS
Module 1 Analog Communication

Block diagram of a communication system. Need for analog modulation. Amplitude modulation.
Equation and spectrum of AM signal. DSB-SC and SSB systems. Block diagram of SSB transmitter
and receiver. Frequency and phase modulation. Narrow and wide band FM and their spectra. FM
transmitter and receiver.
Module 2 Review of Random Variables and Random Processes

Review of random variables – both discrete and continuous. CDF and PDF, statistical averages.
(Only definitions, computations and significance) Entropy, differential entropy. Differential entropy
of a Gaussian RV. Conditional entropy, mutual information.
Stochastic processes, Stationarity. Conditions for WSS and SSS. Autocorrelation and power
spectral density. LTI systems with WSS as input.
Module 3 Source Coding

Source coding theorems I and II (Statements only). Waveform coding. Sampling and Quantization.
Pulse code modulation, Transmitter and receiver. Companding. Practical 15 level A and mu-law
companders. DPCM transmitter and receiver. Design of linear predictor. Wiener-Hopf equation.
Delta modulation. Slope overload.
Module 4 G-S Procedure and Effects in the Channel

Gram-Schmitt procedure. Signal space.
Baseband transmission through AWGN channel. Mathematical model of ISI. Nyquit criterion for
zero ISI. Signal modeling for ISI, Raised cosine and Square-root raised cosine spectrum, Partial
response signalling and duobinary coding. Equalization. Design of zero forcing equalizer.
Vector model of AWGN channel. Matched filter and correlation receivers. MAP receiver,
Maximum likelihood receiver and probability of error.
Capacity of an AWGN channel (Expression only) -- significance in the design of communication
schemes.
Module 5 Digital Modulation Schemes

Digital modulation schemes. Baseband BPSK system and the signal constellation. BPSK
transmitter and receiver. Base band QPSK system and Signal constellations. Plots of BER Vs SNR
with analysis. QPSK transmitter and receiver. Quadrature amplitude modulation and signal
constellation.
Text Books
1. “Communication Systems”, Simon Haykin, Wiley.

2. “Digital Communications: Fundamentals and Applications”, Sklar, Pearson.
3. “Digital Telephony”, John C. Bellamy, Wiley
References
1. “Principles of Digital Communication,” R. Gallager, Oxford University Press
2. “Digital Communication”, John G Proakis, Wiley.
No Topic No. of
Lectures
1 Analog Communication
1.1 Block diagram of communication system, analog and digital systems , need 2
for modulation
Amplitude modulation, model and spectrum and index of modulation

1.2 2
1.3 DSB-SC and SSB modulation. SSB transmitter and receiver 2
1.4 Frequency and phase modulation. Model of FM, spectrum of FM signal 2
2 Review of Random Variables

2.1 Review of random variables, CDF and PDF, examples 2
2.2 Entropy of RV, Differential entropy of Gaussian RV, Expectation, 4
conditional expectation, mutual information
Stochastic processes, Stationarity, WSS and SSS. Autocorrelation and
2.3 power spectral density. Response of LTI systems to WSS 3
3 Source Coding
3.1 Source coding theorems I and II 1
PCM,Transmitter and receiver, companding Practical A and mu law 4

3.2
companders
3.3 DPCM, Linear predictor, Wiener Hopf equation 3
3.4 Delta modulator 1

4 GS Procedure and Channel Effects
4.1 G-S procedure 3
4.2 ISI, Nyquist criterion, RS and SRC, PR signalling and duobinary coding 3
4.3 Equalization, design of zero forcing equalizer 3
4.4 Vector model of AWGN channel, Correlation receiver, matched filter 4
4.5 MAP receiver, ML receiver, probability of error 1
Channel capacity, capacity of Gaussian channel, Its significance in design 2

4.6
of digital communication schemes
5 Digital Modulation
5.1 Need of digital modulation in modern communication. 1
Baseband QPSK system, signal constellation. Effect of AWGN, 4

5.2 probability of error (with derivation). BER-SNR curve, QPSK transmitter
and receiver.
5.3 QAM system 1
A P J Abdul Kalam Technological University
Fifth Semester B Tech Degree Examination Branch:
Electronics and Communication
COURSE: ECT 305 ANALOG AND DIGITAL COMMUNICATION
Time: 3 Hrs Max. Marks: 100
PART A
Answer All Questions
1 Explain the need for modulation (3)K2

2 Plot the spectrum of an FM signal (3)K2
3 In a game a six faced die is thrown. If 1 or 2 comes the player (3) K3
gets Rs 30, if 3 or 4 the player gets Rs 10, if 5 comes he loses
Rs. 30 and in the event of 6 he loses Rs. 100. Plot the CDF and
PDF of gain or loss
4 Give the conditions for WSS (3)K2
5 Compute the step size for a delta modulator without slope over- (3)K3
load if the input is Acos 2π120t
6 State source coding theorems I and II (3)K1
7 Give the Nyquist criterion for zero ISI. (3)K1
8 Give the mathematical model of ISI (3)K2
9 Plot BER against SNR for a BPSK system (3)K2
10 Draw the signal constellation of a QPSK system with and with- (3)K3
out AWGN.
PART B
Answer one question from each module. Each question carries 14 mark.
Module I
11(A) Give the model of AM signal and plot its spectrum (10)K2
11(B) If a sinusoidal is amplitude modulated by the carrier (4)K3
5 cos2π300t to a depth of 30 %, compute the power in the
resultant AM signal.
OR
12(A) Explain how SSB is transmitted and received. (10)K2

12(B) Compute the bandwidth of the narrow band FM signal with (4) K3
modulating signal frequency of 1kHz and index of
modulation 0.3
Module II
13(A) Compute the entropy of Gaussian random variable. (10)K3

13(B) Give the relation between autocorrelation and power (4)K2
spectral density of a WSS.
OR
14(A) Test whether the random process X(t) =Acos 2πft+θ is (10)K3
WSS if θ is uniformly distributed in the interval [−π,π]
14(B) Explain mutual information. Give its relation with self in- (4)K2
formation.
Module III
15(A) A WSS process with autocorrelation RX(τ) = e−α|τ | is (10)K3

ap-plied to an LTI system with impulse response h(t)
= e−βt with |α| > 0 and |β| > 0. Find the output power
spectral density
15(B) Give the conditions for stationarity in the strict sense. (4)K2
OR
16(A) Find an orthonormal basis set fot the set of signals (7)K3
s1(t) =Asin(2πf 0t); 0≤ t ≤T

and
s2(t) =Acos(2πf 0t); 0≤ t ≤T
m
where f 0 = T
where m is an integer.
16(B) Plot the above signal constellation and draw the decision (7)K3
region on it. Compute the probability of error.
Module IV
17(A) Compute the probability of error for maximum likely hood (8)K3
detection of binary transmission.
17(B) Explain the term matched filter. Plot the BER-SNR curve for (6)K2
a matched filter receiver
OR
18(A) Design a zero forcing equalizer for the channel that is characterized (8)K3
by the filter taps {1,0.7,0.3}
18(B) Explain partial rsponse signaling (6)K2
Module V
19 For a shift keying system defined by s(t) =Ac ksin(2πfct) ± (14)K3

Ackcos(2πfct) plot the signal constellation. Compute the
probability of error.
OR
20(A) Derive the probability of error for a QPSK system with Gray (10)K3
coding.
20(B) Draw the BER-SNR plot for a QPSK system (4)K3

ECT 305 Analog and Digital Communication Simulation Assignments
The following simulation assignments can be done with Python/MATLAB/

SCILAB/LabVIEW The following simulations can be done in MATLAB, Python,R
or LabVIEW.
1 A-Law and µ-Law Characteristics
• Create a vector with say 1000 points that spans from −1 to 1.
• Apply A-Law companding on this vector get another vector. Plot it against
the first vector for different A values and appreciate the transfer
characteristics.
• Repeat the above steps for µ-law as well.
2 Practical A-Law compander
• Implement the 8-bit practical A-law coder and decoder in Appendix B 2

(pp 583–585) in Digital Telephony by Bellamy
• Test it with random numbers and speech signals. Observe the 15 levels of
quantization.
3 Practical µ-Law compander
• Implement the 8-bit practical µ-law coder and decoder in Appendix B 1

(pp 579–581) in Digital Telephony by Bellamy
• Test it with random numbers and speech signals. Observe the 15 levels of
quantization.
4 BPSK Transmitter and Receiver
• Cretae a random binary sequence of 5000 bit. Convert it into a bipolar

NRZ code.
• Create a BPSK mapper that maps bit 0 to zero phase and bit 1 to π
phase.
• Plot the real part of the mapped signal against the imaginary part to
observe the signal constellation
• Add AWGN of difference variances to the base band BPSK signal and
observe the changes in constellation.
• Realize the BPSK transmitter and receiver in Fig. 6.4 in pager 352 in
Communication Systems by Simon Haykin .
• Add AWGN of different variances and compute the bit error rate (BER)
for different SNR values.
• Plot the BER Vs. SNR.
• Plot the theoretical BER-SNR curve, using Eq. 6.19 in pager 351 in
5 QPSK Transmitter and Receiver
• Create a random binary sequence of 5000 bit. Convert it into a bipolar

NRZ code.
• Create a QPSK mapper that maps bit patterns 00, 10, 11 and 01 to
suitable phase values that are odd multiples of π .4
• Plot the real part of the mapped signal against the imaginary part to
observe the signal constellation
• Add AWGN of difference variances to the base band QPSK signal and
observe the changes in constellation.
• Realize the QPSK transmitter and receiver in Fig. 6.8 in page 359 in
• Add AWGN of different variances and compute the bit error rate (BER)
for different SNR values.
• Plot the BER Vs. SNR.
• Plot the theoretical BER-SNR curve, using Eq. 6.33 in page 358 in
6 Matched Filter Receiver
The task is to develop a matched filter receiver, with zero ISI, as shown in
the figure below.
• Generate 5000 random bits and up sample the stream by 4.
• For zero ISI, the impulse reponse of the transmitter and receiver filters
are the RRC pulse with α = 0.2.
4α cos(1 + α) πt
T
T
+ 4αt sin(1 − α) πt
T
p(t) = g(t) = ( √ )[ ] (1)
π T 1 − ( 4αt
T
) 2
• Plot p(t) and its approximate spectrum and apprecciate.
w[n]
Random y[n]
binary 4 p[n] +
stream
Sample @ g[n]
Received
Decision symbol ratee
stream
• Add AWGN (w[n]) of different variances and compute the BER-SNR

curve for the bit patterns received.
CATEGORY L T P CREDIT
ECT307 CONTROL SYSTEMS
PCC 3 1 0 4
Preamble: This course aims to develop the skills for mathematical modelling of various
control systems and stability analysis using time domain and frequency domain approaches.
Prerequisite: EC202 Signals & Systems
Analyse electromechanical systems by mathematical modelling and derive their

CO 1
transfer functions
Determine Transient and Steady State behaviour of systems using standard test
CO 2
signals
CO 3 Determine absolute stability and relative stability of a system
Apply frequency domain techniques to assess the system performance and to
CO 4 design a control system with suitable compensation techniques
Analyse system Controllability and Observability using state space representation

CO 5
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO PO PO

10 11 12
CO 3 3 2 1 2
1
CO 3 3 2 1 2
2
CO 3 3 3 1 2
3
CO 3 3 3 1 2
4
CO 3 3 3 1 2
5
Assessment Pattern

Tests
1 2
Apply K3 20 20 70
Analyse K4
Evaluate
Create
Mark distribution
Total CIE ESE ESE

Marks Duration
150 50 100 3 hours
Students should answer all questions. Part B contains 2 questions from each module of which
student should answer any one. Each question can have maximum 2 sub-divisions and carry
14 marks.
Course Outcome 1 (CO1): Analyse electromechanical systems by mathematical

modelling and derive their transfer functions
1. For the given electrical/ mechanical systems determine transfer function.
2. Using block diagram reduction techniques find the transfer function of the given
system.
3. Find the overall gain for the given signal flow graph using Mason’s gain equation.
Course Outcome 2 (CO2): Determine Transient and Steady State behaviour of systems
using standard test signals
1. Derive an expression for time response of a given first/ second order system to step/
ramp input.
2. Determine step, ramp and parabolic error constants for the given unity feedback
control system.
3. Obtain the steady state error of a given system when subjected to an input.
Course Outcome 3 (CO3): Determine absolute stability and relative stability of a system
1. Using Ruth Hurwitz criterion, for the given control system determine the location of
roots on S- plane and comment on the stability of the system.
2. Sketch the Root Locus for the given control system.
3. Compare P, PI and PID controllers.
Course Outcome 4 (CO4): Apply frequency domain techniques to assess the

system performance and to design a control system with suitable compensation
techniques
1. Explain frequency domain specifications.
2. Draw the Nyquist plot for the given control system and determine the range of K for
which the system is stable.
3. Plot the bode plot for the given transfer function and find the gain margin and phase
margin.
4. Describe the design procedure of a lag/ lead compensator.
Course Outcome 5 (CO5): Analyse system Controllability and Observability using state
space representation
1. Obtain the state space representation of the given electrical/ mechanical system.
2. For the given control system, obtain the state equations and output equations:-
3. Plot the bode plot for the given transfer function and find the gain margin and phase
margin.
4. Determine the controllability and observability of the given system.
SYLLABUS
Module 1:
Introduction: Basic Components of a Control System, Open-Loop Control Systems and
Closed-Loop Control Systems, Examples of control system
Feedback and its effects: Types of Feedback Control Systems, Linear versus Nonlinear
Control Systems, Time-Invariant versus Time-Varying Systems.
Mathematical modelling of control systems: Electrical Systems and Mechanical systems.
Transfer Function from Block Diagrams and Signal Flow Graphs: impulse response and
its relation with transfer function of linear systems. Block diagram representation and
reduction methods, Signal flow graph and Mason’s gain formula.
Module 2:
Time Domain Analysis of Control Systems: Introduction- Standard Test signals, Time
response specifications.
Time response of first and second order systems to unit step input and ramp inputs, time
domain specifications.
Steady state error and static error coefficients.

Frequency domain analysis: Frequency domain specifications, correlation between time and
frequency responses.
Module 3:
Stability of linear control systems: Concept of BIBO stability, absolute stability, Routh
Hurwitz Criterion, Effect of P, PI & PID controllers.
Root Locus Techniques: Introduction, properties and its construction, Application to system
stability studies. Illustration of the effect of addition of a zero and a pole.
Module 4:
Nyquist stability criterion: Fundamentals and analysis
Relative stability: gain margin and phase margin. Stability analysis with Bode plot.
Design of Compensators: Need of compensators, design of lag and lead compensators using
Bode plots.
Module 5:
State Variable Analysis of Linear Dynamic Systems: State variables, state equations, state
variable representation of electrical and mechanical systems, dynamic equations, merits for
higher order differential equations and solution.
Transfer function from State Variable Representation, Solutions of the state equations, state
transition matrix
Concept of controllability and observability and techniques to test them - Kalman’s Test.
Text Books
1. Farid Golnaraghi, Benjamin C. Kuo, Automatic Control Systems, 9/e, Wiley India.
2. I.J. Nagarath, M.Gopal: Control Systems Engineering (5th-Edition) ––New Age
International Pub. Co., 2007.
3. Ogata K., Discrete-time Control Systems, 2/e, Pearson Education.
Reference Books
1. I.J. Nagarath, M.Gopal: Scilab Text Companion for Control Systems Engineering
(3rd-Edition) ––New Age International Pub. Co., 2007.
2. Norman S. Nise, Control System Engineering, 5/e, Wiley India.
3. M. Gopal, Digital Control and State Variable Method, 4/e, McGraw Hill Education
India, 2012.
4. Ogata K., Modern Control Engineering, Prentice Hall of India, 4/e, Pearson
Education,2002.
5. Richard C Dorf and Robert H. Bishop, Modern Control Systems, 9/e, Pearson
Education,2001.
No. Topic No. of Lectures

1 Introduction
1.1 Basic Components of a Control System, Open-Loop 1
Control Systems and Closed-Loop Control Systems,
Examples of control system
1.2 Feedback and its effects: Types of Feedback Control 2
Systems, Linear versus Nonlinear Control Systems, Time-
Invariant versus Time-Varying Systems
1.3 Mathematical modelling of control systems: Electrical 3
Systems and Mechanical systems
Transfer Function from Block Diagrams and Signal
Flow Graphs
1.4 Impulse response and its relation with transfer function of 2
linear systems. Block diagram representation and reduction
methods
Signal flow graph and Mason’s gain formula 2
2 Time Domain Analysis of Control Systems
2.1 Introduction- Standard Test signals, Time response 2
specifications
2.2 Time response of first and second order systems to unit 3
step input and ramp inputs, time domain specifications
2.3 Steady state error and static error coefficients 2
2.4 Frequency domain analysis: Frequency domain 2
specifications, correlation between time and frequency
responses.
3 Stability of linear control systems
3.1 Stability of linear control systems: concept of BIBO 3
stability, absolute stability, Routh‘s Hurwitz Criterion
3.2 Effect of P, PI & PID controllers 3
Root Locus Techniques
3.3 Introduction, properties and its construction, Application 3
to system stability studies. Illustration of the effect of
addition of a zero and a pole
4 Nyquist stability criterion
4.1 Fundamentals and analysis 2
4.2 Relative stability: gain margin and phase margin. 3
Stability analysis with Bode plot
4.3 Design of Compensators: Need of compensators, design 4
of lag and lead compensators using Bode plots
5 State Variable Analysis of Linear Dynamic Systems

5.1 State variables, state equations 3
5.2 State variable representation of electrical and mechanical 2
systems
5.3 Dynamic equations, merits for higher order differential 2
equations and solution
5.4 Transfer function from State Variable Representation, 2
Solutions of the state equations, state transition matrix
5.5 Concept of controllability and observability and techniques 4
to test them - Kalman’s Test
Simulation Assignments
The following simulations can be done in Python/ Scilab/ Matlab/ LabView:
1. Plot the pole-zero configuration in s-plane for the given transfer function.
2. Determine the transfer function for given closed loop system in block diagram
representation.
3. Plot unit step response of given transfer function and find delay time, rise time, peak
time and peak overshoot.
4. Determine the time response of the given system subjected to any arbitrary input.
5. Plot root locus of given transfer function, locate closed loop poles for different values
of k.
6. Plot bode plot of given transfer function and determine the relative stability by
measuring gain and phase margins.
7. Determine the steady state errors of a given transfer function.
8. Plot Nyquist plot for given transfer function and determine the relative stability.
9. Create the state space model of a linear continuous system.
10. Determine the state space representation of the given transfer function.
Model Question paper

FIFTH SEMESTER B. TECH DEGREE EXAMINATION, (Model Question Paper)
Course Code: ECT307
Course Name: CONTROL SYSTEMS
Max. Marks: 100 Duration: 3 Hours
PART A
Answer ALL Questions. Each Carries 3 mark.
1 Draw the signal flow graph for the following set of algebraic equations: K2
x1=ax0+bx1+cx2, x2=dx1+ex3
2 Using block diagram reduction techniques find C(s) / R(s) for the given system: K2
3 Derive the expression for peak time of a second order system K2
4 Determine the parabolic error constant for the unity feedback control system G(s) K3
= 10 (S+2)/ (s+1) s2
5 Using Routh Hurvitz criterion, determine the number of roots in the right half of S- K3
plane for the system S4+2S3+10S2+20S+5=0.
6 Compare PI, PD and PID controllers. K1
7 State and explain Nyquist Stability criteria. K1
8 Briefly describe the design procedure of a lead compensator. K1
9 A dynamic system is represented by the state equation: K3
Check whether the system is completely controllable.

10 Obtain the state space representation of the given electrical system: K3
PART – B
Answer one question from each module; each question carries 14 marks.
Module - I
11a. Find the overall gain C(s)/ R(s) for the signal flow graph shown using Mason’s 7
gain equation
CO1
K3
11b.
Determine the transfer function X1(s)/ F(s) for the system shown below: 7
CO1
K3
OR
12a. Find the transfer function X2(s)/ F(s). Also draw the force voltage analogy of the 8
given system: CO1
K3
12b.
Determine the overall transfer function of the block diagram shown in below 6
figure: CO1
K3
Module - II
13a. The open loop transfer function of a servo system with unity feedback is G(s) = 7
10/s(0.1s+1). Evaluate the static error constants of the system. Obtain the steady CO2
state error of the system when subjected to an input given by r(t)= a0+a1t+a2t2/2 K2
13b. A unity feedback control system is characterized by an open loop transfer function 7
G(s) = K/ s(s+10). Determine the gain K so that the system will have a damping CO2
ratio of 0.5 for this value of K. Determine the settling time, peak overshoot, rise K2
time and peak time for a unit step input.
OR
14a. Find kp, kv, ka and steady state error for a system with open loop transfer function 7
G(s)H(s) = 15 (s+4) (s+9)/ s(s+3) (s+6) (s+8) CO2
14b. K2
Derive the expression for time response of a second order under damped system to 7
step input. CO2
K2
Module - III
15a. Sketch the root locus for G(s)H(s) = K/ s(s+6) (s2+4s+13) 7

CO3
K3
15b. 7
CO3
The characteristic equation of a system is s7+9s6+24s5+24s4+24s3+24s2+23s+15. K3
Determine the location of roots on S- plane and hence comment on the stability of
the system using Ruth Hurwitz criterion.
OR
16a. Prove that the breakaway points of the root locus are the solutions of dK/ds = 0. 7
where K is the open loop gain of the system whose open loop transfer function is CO3
16b. G(s). K2
For a system with, F(s) = s4 + 22s3 + 10 s2 + s + K = 0. obtain the marginal value 7

17a. of K, and the frequency of oscillations of that value of K. CO3
K3
Module - IV
Plot the bode diagram for the transfer function G(S) = 10/ S(1+0.4S) (1+0.1S) and 7
17b.
find the gain margin and phase margin. CO4
K3
7
The open loop transfer function of a feedback system is given by G(s) = K / s CO4
(T1s+1) (T2s+1) Draw the Nyquist plot. Derive an expression for gain K in terms K3
of T1, T2 and specific gain margin Gm.
OR
18a. A servomechanism has an open loop transfer function of G(s) = 10 / s (1+0.5s) 8

(1+0.1s) Draw the Bode plot and determine the phase and gain margin. A network CO4
having the transfer function (1+0.23s)/(1+0.023s) is now introduced in tandem. K3
Determine the new gain and phase margins. Comment upon the improvement in
system response caused by the network.
Draw the Nyquist plot for the system whose open loop transfer function is 6
18b. G(s)H(s) = K/ S(S+2) (S+10). Determine the range of K for which the closed loop CO4
system is stable. K3
Module - V
19a. Obtain the state model for the given transfer function Y(s)/ U(s) = 1/ (S2+S+1).
7
CO5
K3
19b. What is transfer matrix of a control system? Derive the equation for transfer 7
matrix. CO5
K2
OR
20a. A system is described by the transfer function Y(s)/ U(s) = 10 (s+4)/ s (s+2) (s+3). 7
Find state and output equations of the system. CO5
K3
20b. Determine the state transition matrix of 7

CO5
K3
ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS CATEGORY L T P CREDIT

ECL331
AND SIMULATION LAB PCC 0 0 3 2
Preamble: This course aims to (i) familiarize students with the Analog Integrated Circuits and
Design and implementation of application circuits using basic Analog Integrated Circuits (ii)
familiarize students with simulation of basic Analog Integrated Circuits.
Prerequisite: ECL202 Analog Circuits and Simulation Lab
CO 1 Use data sheets of basic Analog Integrated Circuits and design and implement
application circuits using Analog ICs.
CO 2 Design and simulate the application circuits with Analog Integrated Circuits using
simulation tools.
CO 3 Function effectively as an individual and in a team to accomplish the given task.
PO1 PO 2 PO3 PO 4 PO5 PO 6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO PO PO

10 11 12
CO1 3 3 3 2 2
CO2 3 3 3 2 3 2 2
CO3 2 2 2 2 3 2 3
Assessment
Mark distribution
Total CIE ESE ESE Duration

Marks
150 75 75 3 hours
Continuous Evaluation Pattern

Continuous Assessment : 30 marks
Internal Test (Immediately before the second series test) : 30 marks
End Semester Examination Pattern: The following guidelines should be followed regarding
award of marks
(a) Preliminary work : 15 Marks
(b) Implementing the work/Conducting the experiment : 10 Marks
(c) Performance, result and inference (usage of equipments and trouble shooting): 25 Marks
(d) Viva voce : 20 marks
(e) Record : 5 Marks
General instructions: End-semester practical examination is to be conducted immediately

after the second series test covering entire syllabus given below. Evaluation is to be conducted
under the equal responsibility of both the internal and external examiners. The number of
candidates evaluated per day should not exceed 20. Students shall be allowed for the
examination only on submitting the duly certified record. The external examiner shall endorse
the record.
Course Level Assessment Questions (Examples only)
Course Outcome 1 (CO1): Use data sheets of basic Analog Integrated Circuits and design and
implement application circuits using Analog ICs.
1. Measure important opamp parameters of µA 741 and compare them with the data provided
in the data sheet
2. Design and implement a variable timer circuit using opamp
3. Design and implement a filter circuit to eliminate 50 Hz power line noise.
Course Outcome 2 and 3 (CO2 and CO3): Design and simulate the application circuits with
Analog Integrated Circuits using simulation tools.
1. Design a precission rectifier circuit using opamps and simulste it using SPICE
2. Design and simulate a counter ramp ADC
List of Experiments
I. Fundamentals of operational amplifiers and basic circuits [Minimum seven experiments

are to be done]
1. Familiarization of Operational amplifiers - Inverting and Non inverting amplifiers,
frequency response, Adder, Integrator, Comparators.
2. Measurement of Op-Amp parameters.
3. Difference Amplifier and Instrumentation amplifier.
4. Schmitt trigger circuit using Op–Amps.
5. Astable and Monostable multivibrator using Op-Amps.
6. Waveform generators using Op-Amps - Triangular and saw tooth
7. Wien bridge oscillator using Op-Amp - without & with amplitude stabilization.
8. RC Phase shift Oscillator.
9. Active second order filters using Op-Amp (LPF, HPF, BPF and BSF).
10. Notch filters to eliminate the 50Hz power line frequency.
11. Precision rectifiers using Op-Amp.
II. Application circuits of 555 Timer/565 PLL/ Regulator(IC 723) ICs [ Minimum three
experiments are to be done]
1. Astable and Monostable multivibrator using Timer IC NE555
2. DC power supply using IC 723: Low voltage and high voltage configurations,
Short circuit and Fold-back protection.
3. A/D converters- counter ramp and flash type.
4. D/A Converters - R-2R ladder circuit
5. Study of PLL IC: free running frequency lock range capture range
III. Simulation experiments [The experiments shall be conducted using SPICE]

1. Simulation of any three circuits from Experiments 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 of
section I
2. Simulation of Experiments 3 or 4 from section II
Textbooks
1. D. Roy Choudhary, Shail B Jain, “Linear Integrated Circuits,”
2. M. H. Rashid, “Introduction to Pspice Using Orcad for Circuits and Electronics”, Prentice Hall
DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING CATEGORY L T P CREDIT

ECL333
LABORATORY PCC 0 0 3 2
Preamble:
The following experiments are designed to make the student do real time DSP
• computing.
Dedicated DSP hardware (such as TI or Analog Devices development/evaluation

•
boards) will be used for realization.
Prerequisites:
• ECT 303 Digital Signal Processing
• EST 102 Programming in C
Course Outcomes: The student will be able to

CO 1 Simulate digital signals.
CO 2 verify the properties of DFT computationally
CO 3 Familiarize the DSP hardware and interface with computer.
CO 4 Implement LTI systems with linear convolution.
CO 5 Implement FFT and IFFT and use it on real time signals.
CO 6 Implement FIR low pass filter.
CO 7 Implement real time LTI systems with block convolution and FFT.
Mapping of Course Outcomes with Program Outcomes

PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO1 PO1 PO1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2
CO1 3 3 1 2 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 1
CO2 3 3 1 2 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 1
CO3 3 3 3 2 3 0 0 0 3 1 0 1
CO4 3 3 1 2 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 1
CO5 3 3 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
CO6 3 3 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
CO7 3 3 1 3 3 0 0 0 3 3 0 0
Assessment Pattern
Mark Distribution:
Total Mark CIE ESE

150 50 100

Each experiment will be evaluated out of 50 credits continuously as
Attribute Mark
Attendance 15
Continuous assessment 30
Internal Test (Immediately before 30
the second series test)
End Semester Examination Pattern: The following guidelines should be followed

regarding award of marks
Attribute Mark
Preliminary work 15
Implementing the work/ 10
Conducting the experiment
Performance, result and inference 25
(usage of equipments and trouble
shooting)
Viva voce 20
Record 5
CO1-Simulation of Signals
1. Write a Python/MATLAB/SCILAB function to generate a rectangular

pulse.
2. Write a Python/MATLAB/SCILAB function to generate a triangular
pulse.
CO2-Verfication of the Properties of DFT
1. Write a Python/MATLAB/SCILAB function to compute the N -point DFT

matrix and plot its real and imaginary parts.
2. Write a Python/MATLAB/SCILAB function to verify Parseval’s theorem

for N = 1024.
CO3-Familarization of DSP Hardware
1. Write a C function to control the output LEDs with input switches.
2. Write a C function to connect the analog input port to the output port and test with
a microphone.
CO4-LTI System with Linear Convolution
1. Write a function to compute the linear convolution and download to the hardware
target and test with some signals.
CO5-FFT Computation
1. Write and download a function to compute N point FFT to the DSP hardware
target and test it on real time signal.
2. Write a C function to compute IFFT with FFT function and test in on DSP
hardware.
CO6-Implementation of FIR Filter
1. Design and implement an FIR low pass filter for a cut off frequency of 0.1π and
test it with an AF signal generator.
CO7-LTI Systems by Block Convolution
1. Implement an overlap add block convolution for speech signals on DSP

target.
List of Experiments
(All experiments are mandatory.)
Experiment 1. Simulation of Signals Simulate the following signals using Python/

Scilab/MATLAB.
1. Unit impulse signal
2. Unit pulse signal
3. Unit ramp signal
4. Bipolar pulse
5. Triangular signal
Experiment 2. Verification of the Properties of DFT
• Generate and appreciate a DFT matrix.
1. Write a function that returns the N point DFT matrix VN for a given
N.
2. Plot its real and imaginary parts of VN as images using matshow or
imshow commands (in Python) for N = 16, N = 64 and N = 1024
3. Compute the DFTs of 16 point, 64 point and 1024 point random
sequences using the above matrices.
4. Observe the time of computations for N = 2γ for 2 γ 18≤(You
≤ may use
the time module in Python).
5. Use some iterations to plot the times of computation against γ. Plot
and understand this curve. Plot the times of computation for the fft
function over this curve and appreciate the computational saving
with FFT.
• Circular Convolution.
1. Write a python function circcon.py that returns the circular con-
voluton of an N1 point sequence and an N2 point sequence given at
the input. The easiest way is to convert a linear convolution into
circular convolution with N = max(N1, N2).
• Parseval’s Theorem
For the complex random sequences x1[n] and x2[n],
N −1 N −1
X 1 X
x1 [n]x∗2 [n] = X1 [k]X2∗ [k]
n=0
N k=0
1. Generate two random complex sequences of say 5000 values.

2. Prove the theorem for these signals.
Experiment 3. Familarization of DSP Hardware
1. Familiarization of the code composer studio (in the case of TI hardware)
or Visual DSP (in the case of Analog Devices hardware) or any equivalent
cross compiler for DSP programming.
2. Familiarization of the analog and digital input and output ports of the DSP
board.
3. Generation and cross compilation and execution of the C code to connect
the input digital switches to the output LEDs.
4. Generation and cross compilation and execution of the C code to connect
the input analog port to the output. Connect a microphone, speak into it
and observe the output electrical signal on a DSO and store it.
5. Document the work.
Experiment 4. Linear convolution
1. Write a C function for the linear convolution of two arrays.
2. The arrays may be kept in different files and downloaded to the DSP
hardware.
3. Store the result as a file and observe the output.
Experiment 5. FFT of signals
1. Write a C function for N - point FFT.
2. Connect a precision signal generator and apply 1 mV , 1 kHz sinusoid at

the analog port.
3. Apply the FFT on the input signal with appropriate window size and
observe the result.
4. Connect microphone to the analog port and read in real time speech.
5. Observe and store the FFT values.

Experiment 6. IFFT with FFT
1. Use the FFT function in the previous experiment to compute the IFFT of
the input signal.
2. Apply IFFT on the stored FFT values from the previous experiments and
observe the reconstruction.
Experiment 7. FIR low pass filter

1. sin(ω
Use Python/scilab to implement the FIR filter response h[n] = cn)
πn
for a filter size N = 50, ωc = 0.1π and ωc = 0.3π .
2. Realize the hamming(wH [n]) and kaiser (wK[n]) windows.
3. Compute h[n]w[n] in both cases and store as file.
4. Observe the low pass response in the simulator.
5. Download the filter on to the DSP target board and test with 1 mV
sinusoid from a signal generator connected to the analog port.
6. Test the operation of the filters with speech signals.
Experiment 8. Overlap Save Block Convolution
1. Use the file of filter coefficients From the previos experiment.
2. Realize the system shown below for the input speech signal x[n].
3. Segment the signal values into blocks of length N = 2000. Pad the last
block with zeros, if necessary.
4. Implement the overlap save block convolution method
Experiment 9. Overlap Add Block Convolution
1. Use the file of filter coefficients from the previous experiment.
2. Realize the system shown in the previous experiment for the input speech
signal x[n].
3. Segment the signal values into blocks of length N = 2000. Pad the last
block with zeros, if necessary.
4. Implement the overlap add block convolution method
Schedule of Experiments: Every experiment should be completed in three hours.
Textbooks
1. Vinay K. Ingle, John G. Proakis, “Digital Signal Processing Using

MATLAB.”
2. Allen B. Downey, “Think DSP: Digital Signal Processing using Python.”
3. Rulph Chassaing, “DSP Applications Using C and the TMS320C6x DSK

(Topics in Digital Signal Processing)”
Category L T P Credit
HUT
Management for Engineers
310 HMC 3 0 0 3
Preamble: This course is intended to help the students to learn the basic concepts and functions
of management and its role in the performance of an organization and to understand various
decision-making approaches available for managers to achieve excellence. Learners shall have a
broad view of different functional areas of management like operations, human resource, finance
and marketing.
Prerequisite: Nil
Course Outcomes After the completion of the course the student will be able to
Explain the characteristics of management in the contemporary context (Cognitive

CO1
Knowledge level: Understand).
CO2 Describe the functions of management (Cognitive Knowledge level: Understand).
Demonstrate ability in decision making process and productivity analysis (Cognitive
CO3
Illustrate project management technique and develop a project schedule (Cognitive
CO4
Knowledge level: Apply).
Summarize the functional areas of management (Cognitive Knowledge level:
CO5
Understand).
Comprehend the concept of entrepreneurship and create business plans (Cognitive
CO6
1
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
CO1 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 1
CO2 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 1
CO3 2 2 2 2 1
CO4 2 2 2 2 1 2 1
CO5 2 1 1 1 2 1
CO6 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Abstract POs defined by National Board of Accreditation

PO1 Engineering Knowledge PO7 Environment and Sustainability
PO2 Problem Analysis PO8 Ethics
PO3 Design/Development of solutions PO9 Individual and team work
PO4 Conduct investigations of complex problems PO10 Communication
PO5 Modern tool usage PO11 Project Management and Finance
PO6 The Engineer and Society PO12 Life long learning
Assessment Pattern
Bloom’s Test 1 (Marks in Test 2 (Marks in End Semester Examination

Category percentage) percentage) (Marks in percentage)
Remember 15 15 30
Understand 15 15 30
Apply 20 20 40
Analyse
Evaluate
Create
2
Mark Distribution
Total Marks CIE Marks ESE Marks ESE Duration

150 50 100 3 Hours
Continuous Assessment - Test : 25 marks
Continuous Assessment - Assignment : 15 marks
Internal Examination Pattern:
Each of the two internal examinations has to be conducted out of 50 marks. First series test shall
be preferably conducted after completing the first half of the syllabus and the second series test
shall be preferably conducted after completing remaining part of the syllabus. There will be two
parts: Part A and Part B. Part A contains 5 questions (preferably, 2 questions each from the
completed modules and 1 question from the partly completed module), having 3 marks for each
question adding up to 15 marks for part A. Students should answer all questions from Part A.
Part B contains 7 questions (preferably, 3 questions each from the completed modules and 1
question from the partly completed module), each with 7 marks. Out of the 7 questions, a student
should answer any 5.
End Semester Examination Pattern:
There will be two parts; Part A and Part B. Part A contains 10 questions with 2 questions from
each module, having 3 marks for each question. Students should answer all questions. Part B
contains 2 questions from each module of which a student should answer any one. Each question
can have maximum 2 sub-divisions and carries 14 marks.
3
SYLLABUS
HUT 310 Management for Engineers (35 hrs)
Module 1 (Introduction to management Theory- 7 Hours)
Introduction to management theory, Management Defined, Characteristic of Management,

Management as an art-profession, System approaches to Management, Task and Responsibilities
of a professional Manager, Levels of Manager and Skill required.
Module 2 (management and organization- 5 hours)
Management Process, Planning types , Mission, Goals, Strategy, Programmes, Procedures,

Organising, Principles of Organisation, Delegation, Span of Control, Organisation Structures,
Directing, Leadership, Motivation, Controlling..
Module 3 (productivity and decision making- 7 hours)
Concept of productivity and its measurement; Competitiveness; Decision making process;

decision making under certainty, risk and uncertainty; Decision trees; Models of decision
making.
. Module 4 (project management- 8 hours)
Project Management, Network construction, Arrow diagram, Redundancy. CPM and PERT
Networks, Scheduling computations, PERT time estimates, Probability of completion of project,
Introduction to crashing.
Module 5 (functional areas of management- 8 hours)
Introduction to functional areas of management, Operations management, Human resources

management, Marketing management, Financial management, Entrepreneurship, Business plans,
Corporate social responsibility, Patents and Intellectual property rights.
References:
4
1. H. Koontz, and H. Weihrich, Essentials of Management: An International Perspective. 8th
ed., McGraw-Hill, 2009.
2. P C Tripathi and P N Reddy, Principles of management, TMH, 4th edition, 2008.
3. P. Kotler, K. L. Keller, A. Koshy, and M. Jha, Marketing Management: A South Asian

Perspective. 14th ed., Pearson, 2012.
4. M. Y. Khan, and P. K. Jain, Financial Management, Tata-McGraw Hill, 2008.
5. R. D. Hisrich, and M. P. Peters, Entrepreneurship: Strategy, Developing, and Managing a

New Enterprise, 4th ed., McGraw-Hill Education, 1997.
6. D. J. Sumanth, Productivity Engineering and Management, McGraw-Hill Education,

1985.
7. K.Ashwathappa, ‘Human Resources and Personnel Management’, TMH, 3 rd edition,

2005.
8. R. B. Chase, Ravi Shankar and F. R. Jacobs, Operations and Supply Chain Management,
14th ed. McGraw Hill Education (India), 2015.
Sample Course Level Assessment Questions
Course Outcome1 (CO1): Explain the systems approach to management?
Course Outcome 2 (CO2): Explain the following terms with a suitable example Goal,
Objective, and Strategy.
Course Outcome 3 (CO3): Mr. Shyam is the author of what promises to be a successful novel.
He has the option to either publish the novel himself or through a publisher. The publisher is
offering Mr. Shyam Rs. 20,000 for signing the contract. If the novel is successful, it will sell
200,000 copies. Else, it will sell 10,000 copies only. The publisher pays a Re. 1 royalty per copy.
A market survey indicates that there is a 70% chance that the novel will be successful. If Mr.
Shyam undertakes publishing, he will incur an initial cost of Rs. 90,000 for printing and
marketing., but each copy sold will net him Rs. 2. Based on the given information and the
5
decision analysis method, determine whether Mr. Shyam should accept the publisher’s offer or
publish the novel himself.
Course Outcome 4 (CO4): Explain the concepts of crashing and dummy activity in project
management.
Course Outcome 5 (CO5): Derive the expression for the Economic order quantity (EOQ)?
Course Outcome 6 (CO6): Briefly explain the theories of Entrepreneurial motivation.?
6
QP CODE: PAGES: 4
Reg No:_______________ Name:_________________

FOURTH SEMESTER B.TECH DEGREE EXAMINATION, MONTH & YEAR
Course Code: HUT 310
Course name: Management for Engineers
Max Marks: 100 Duration: 3 Hours
PART-A (Answer All Questions. Each question carries 3 marks)
1. “Management is getting things done through other.” Elaborate.
2. Comment on the true nature of management. Is it a science or an art?
3. Planning is looking ahead and controlling is looking back. Comment with suitable examples
4. Explain the process of communication?
5. Explain the hierarchy of objectives?
6. Explain the types of decisions?
7. Describe the Economic man model?
8. Explain the concepts of crashing and dummy activity in project management.
9. Differentiate the quantitative and qualitative methods in forecasting.
10. What are the key metrics for sustainability measurement? What makes the measurement and
reporting of sustainability challenging?
PART-B (Answer any one question from each module)
11. a) Explain the systems approach to management. (10)
b) Describe the roles of a manager (4)
OR
7
12. a) Explain the 14 principles of administrative management? (10)
b) Explain the different managerial skills (4)
13. a) What are planning premises, explain the classification of planning premises. (10)
b) Distinguish between strategy and policy. How can policies be made effective. (4)
OR
14 a) Explain three motivational theories. (9)
b) Describe the managerial grid. (5)
15. a) Modern forest management uses controlled fires to reduce fire hazards and to stimulate
new forest growth. Management has the option to postpone or plan a burning. In a specific forest
tract, if burning is postponed, a general administrative cost of Rs. 300 is incurred. If a controlled
burning is planned, there is a 50% chance that good weather will prevail and burning will cost
Rs. 3200. The results of the burning may be either successful with probability 0.6 or marginal
with probability 0.4. Successful execution will result in an estimated benefit of Rs. 6000, and
marginal execution will provide only Rs. 3000 in benefits. If the weather is poor, burning will be
cancelled incurring a cost of Rs. 1200 and no benefit. i) Develop a decision tree for the problem.
(ii) Analyse the decision tree and determine the optimal course of action. (8)
b) Student tuition at ABC University is $100 per semester credit hour. The Education department
supplements the university revenue by matching student tuition, dollars per dollars. Average
class size for typical three credit course is 50 students. Labour costs are $4000 per class, material
costs are $20 per student, and overhead cost are $25,000 per class. (a) Determine the total factor
productivity. (b) If instructors deliver lecture 14 hours per week and the semester lasts for 16
weeks, what is the labour productivity? (6)
OR
16. a) An ice-cream retailer buys ice cream at a cost of Rs. 13 per cup and sells it for Rs. 20 per
cup; any remaining unsold at the end of the day, can be disposed at a salvage price of Rs. 2.5 per
cup. Past sales have ranged between 13 and 17 cups per day; there is no reason to believe that
8
sales volume will take on any other magnitude in future. Find the expected monetary value and
EOL, if the sales history has the following probabilities:
(9)
Market Size 13 14 15 16 17
Probability 0.10 0.15 0.15 0.25 0.35
b) At Modem Lumber Company, Kishore the president and a producer of an apple crates sold to
growers, has been able, with his current equipment, to produce 240 crates per 100 logs. He
currently purchases 100 logs per day, and each log required 3 labour hours to process. He
believes that he can hire a professional buyer who can buy a better quality log at the same cost. If
this is the case, he increases his production to 260 crates per 100 logs. His labour hours will
increase by 8 hours per day. What will be the impact on productivity (measured in crates per
labour-hour) if the buyer is hired? What is the growth in productivity in this case?
(5)
17. a) A project has the following list of activities and time estimates:
Activity Time (Days) Immediate Predecessors

A 1 -
B 4 A
C 3 A
D 7 A
E 6 B
F 2 C, D
G 7 E, F
H 9 D
I 4 G, H
(a) Draw the network. (b) Show the early start and early finish times. (c) Show the
critical path. (10)
9
b) An opinion survey involves designing and printing questionnaires, hiring and training
personnel, selecting participants, mailing questionnaires and analysing data. Develop the
precedence relationships and construct the project network. (4)
OR
18. a) The following table shows the precedence requirements, normal and crash times, and
normal and crash costs for a construction project:
Immediate Required Time (Weeks) Cost (Rs.)

Activity
Predecessors Normal Crash Normal Crash
A - 4 2 10,000 11,000
B A 3 2 6,000 9,000
C A 2 1 4,000 6,000
D B 5 3 14,000 18,000
E B, C 1 1 9,000 9,000
F C 3 2 7,000 8,000
G E, F 4 2 13,000 25,000
H D, E 4 1 11,000 18,000
I H, G 6 5 20,000 29,000
Draw the network. (b) Determine the critical path. (c) Determine the optimal duration and the
associated cost. (10)
b) Differentiate between CPM and PERT. (4)
19. a) What is meant by market segmentation and explain the process of market segmentation (8)
b) The Honda Co. in India has a division that manufactures two-wheel motorcycles. Its budgeted
sales for Model G in 2019 are 80,00,000 units. Honda’s target ending inventory is 10,00, 000
units and its beginning inventory is 12, 00, 000 units. The company’s budgeted selling price to its
distributors and dealers is Rs. 40, 000 per motorcycle. Honda procures all its wheels from an
10
outside supplier. No defective wheels are accepted. Honda’s needs for extra wheels for
replacement parts are ordered by a separate division of the company. The company’s target
ending inventory is 3,00,000 wheels and its beginning inventory is 2,00,000 wheels. The
budgeted purchase price is Rs. 1,600 per wheel.
(a) Compute the budgeted revenue in rupees.
(b) Compute the number of motorcycles to be produced.
Compute the budgeted purchases of wheels in units and in rupees.? (6)
OR
20. a) a) “Human Resource Management policies and principles contribute to effectiveness,

continuity and stability of the organization”. Discuss. (b) What is a budget? Explain how sales
budget and production budgets are prepared? (10)
b) Distinguish between the following: (a) Assets and Liabilities (b) Production concept and
Marketing concept (c) Needs and Wants (d) Design functions and Operational control functions
in operations (4)
11
Teaching Plan
Sl.No TOPIC SESSION

Module I
1.1 Introduction to management 1
1.2 Levels of managers and skill required 2
1.3 Classical management theories 3
1.4 neo-classical management theories 4
1.5 modern management theories 5
1.6 System approaches to Management, 6

1.7 Task and Responsibilities of a professional Manager 7
Module 2
2.1 Management process – planning 8
Mission – objectives – goals – strategy – policies – programmes
2.2 9
– procedures
2.3 Organizing, principles of organizing, organization structures 10
2.4 Directing, Leadership 11
2.5 Motivation, Controlling 12
Module III
3.1 Concept of productivity and its measurement Competitiveness 13
3.2 Decision making process; 14
3.3 Models in decision making 15
3.4 Decision making under certainty and risk 16

3.5 Decision making under uncertainty 17
3.6 Decision trees 18
3.7 Models of decision making. 19
Module IV
4.1 Project Management 20
12
Sl.No TOPIC SESSION
Module I
4.2 Network construction 21
4.3 Arrow diagram, Redundancy 22

4.4 CPM and PERT Networks 23
4.5 Scheduling computations 24
4.6 PERT time estimates 25
4.7 Probability of completion of project 26
4.8 Introduction to crashing
Module V
5.1 Introduction to functional areas of management, 28
5.2 Operations management 29
5.3 Human resources management , 30

5.4 Marketing management 31
5.5 Financial management 32

5.6 Entrepreneurship, 33
5.7 Business plans 34
Corporate social responsibility, Patents and Intellectual property

5.8 35
rights
13
YEAR OF
Category L T P CREDIT
MCN DISASTER INTRODUCTION
301 MANAGEMENT Non -
2 0 0 Nil 2019
Credit
Preamble: The objective of this course is to introduce the fundamental concepts of hazards and
disaster management.
Prerequisite: Nil
Define and use various terminologies in use in disaster management parlance and
CO1 organise each of these terms in relation to the disaster management cycle (Cognitive
knowledge level: Understand).
Distinguish between different hazard types and vulnerability types and do
CO2
vulnerability assessment (Cognitive knowledge level: Understand).
Identify the components and describe the process of risk assessment, and apply
CO3
appropriate methodologies to assess risk (Cognitive knowledge level: Understand).
Explain the core elements and phases of Disaster Risk Management and develop
CO4 possible measures to reduce disaster risks across sector and community (Cognitive
knowledge level: Apply)
Identify factors that determine the nature of disaster response and discuss the various
CO5
disaster response actions (Cognitive knowledge level: Understand).
Explain the various legislations and best practices for disaster management and risk
CO6 reduction at national and international level (Cognitive knowledge level:
Understand).
1
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO PO1 PO1 PO1
9 0 1 2
CO1 2 2 2 2
CO2 2 3 2 2 2 3 3 2
CO3 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 2
CO4 3 3 3 2 2 3 2
CO5 3 3 2 2 3 2
CO6 3 2 3 3 2
Abstract POs defined by National Board of Accreditation
PO# Broad PO PO# Broad PO
PO1 Engineering Knowledge PO7 Environment and Sustainability
PO2 Problem Analysis PO8 Ethics
PO3 Design/Development of solutions PO9 Individual and team work

Conduct investigations of complex
PO4 PO10 Communication
problems
PO5 Modern tool usage PO11 Project Management and Finance
PO6 The Engineer and Society PO12 Life long learning
2
Assessment Pattern
Bloom’s Category Continuous Assessment Tests End Semester

Examination Marks
Test 1 (Marks) Test 2 (Marks)
Remember 10 10 20
Understand 25 25 50
Apply 15 15 30
Analyze
Evaluate
Create
Mark Distribution
Total Marks CIE Marks ESE Marks ESE Duration

150 50 100 3 hours
Continuous Assessment - Test : 25 marks
Continuous Assessment - Assignment : 15 marks
Internal Examination Pattern:
Each of the two internal examinations has to be conducted out of 50 marks. First series test shall
be preferably conducted after completing the first half of the syllabus and the second series test
shall be preferably conducted after completing remaining part of the syllabus. There will be two
parts: Part A and Part B. Part A contains 5 questions (preferably, 2 questions each from the
completed modules and 1 question from the partly completed module), having 3 marks for each
question adding up to 15 marks for part A. Students should answer all questions from Part A.
3
Part B contains 7 questions (preferably, 3 questions each from the completed modules and 1
question from the partly completed module), each with 7 marks. Out of the 7 questions, a student
should answer any 5.
End Semester Examination Pattern:
There will be two parts; Part A and Part B. Part A contains 10 questions with 2 questions from
each module, having 3 marks for each question. Students should answer all questions. Part B
contains 2 questions from each module of which a student should answer any one. Each question
can have maximum 2 sub-divisions and carries 14 marks.
4
SYLLABUS
MCN 301 Disaster Management
Module 1
Systems of earth
Lithosphere- composition, rocks, soils; Atmosphere-layers, ozone layer, greenhouse effect,

weather, cyclones, atmospheric circulations, Indian Monsoon; hydrosphere- Oceans, inland water
bodies; biosphere
Definition and meaning of key terms in Disaster Risk Reduction and Management- disaster,
hazard, exposure, vulnerability, risk, risk assessment, risk mapping, capacity, resilience, disaster
risk reduction, disaster risk management, early warning systems, disaster preparedness, disaster
prevention, disaster mitigation, disaster response, damage assessment, crisis counselling, needs
assessment.
Module 2
Hazard types and hazard mapping; Vulnerability types and their assessment- physical, social,
economic and environmental vulnerability.
Disaster risk assessment –approaches, procedures
Module 3
Disaster risk management -Core elements and phases of Disaster Risk Management
Measures for Disaster Risk Reduction – prevention, mitigation, and preparedness.
Disaster response- objectives, requirements; response planning; types of responses.
Relief; international relief organizations.
Module 4
Participatory stakeholder engagement; Disaster communication- importance, methods, barriers;

Crisis counselling
Capacity Building: Concept – Structural and Non-structural Measures, Capacity Assessment;

Strengthening Capacity for Reducing Risk
5
Module 5
Common disaster types in India; Legislations in India on disaster management; National disaster
management policy; Institutional arrangements for disaster management in India.
The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction- targets, priorities for action, guiding
principles
Reference Text Book
1. R. Subramanian, Disaster Management, Vikas Publishing House, 2018
2. M. M. Sulphey, Disaster Management, PHI Learning, 2016
3. UNDP, Disaster Risk Management Training Manual, 2016
4. United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk
Reduction 2015-2030, 2015
Sample Course Level Assessment Questions
Course Outcome 1 (CO1):

1. What is the mechanism by which stratospheric ozone protects earth from harmful UV
rays?
2. What are disasters? What are their causes?
3. Explain the different types of cyclones and the mechanism of their formation
4. Explain with examples, the difference between hazard and risk in the context of disaster
management
5. Explain the following terms in the context of disaster management (a) exposure (b)
resilience (c) disaster risk management (d) early warning systems, (e) damage assessment
(f) crisis counselling (g) needs assessment

1. What is hazard mapping? What are its objectives?
2. What is participatory hazard mapping? How is it conducted? What are its advantages?
3. Explain the applications of hazard maps
4. Explain the types of vulnerabilities and the approaches to assess them

1. Explain briefly the concept of ‘disaster risk’
6
2. List the strategies for disaster risk management ‘before’, ‘during’ and ‘after’ a disaster
3. What is disaster preparedness? Explain the components of a comprehensive disaster
preparedness strategy

1. What is disaster prevention? Distinguish it from disaster mitigation giving examples
2. What are the steps to effective disaster communication? What are the barriers to
communication?
3. Explain capacity building in the context of disaster management
1. Briefly explain the levels of stakeholder participation in the context of disaster risk
reduction
2. Explain the importance of communication in disaster management
3. Explain the benefits and costs of stakeholder participation in disaster management
4. How are stakeholders in disaster management identified?

1. Explain the salient features of the National Policy on Disaster Management in India
2. Explain the guiding principles and priorities of action according to the Sendai Framework
for Disaster Risk Reduction
3. What are Tsunamis? How are they caused?
4. Explain the earthquake zonation of India
7
Model Question paper
QP CODE: PAGES:3
Reg No:______________ Name :______________
FIFTH SEMESTER B.TECH DEGREE EXAMINATION, MONTH & YEAR
Course Code: MCN 301
Course Name: Disaster Management
Max.Marks:100 Duration: 3 Hours
PART A
Answer all Questions. Each question carries 3 Marks
1. What is the mechanism by which stratospheric ozone protects earth from harmful UV
rays?
2. What are disasters? What are their causes?
3. What is hazard mapping? What are its objectives?
4. Explain briefly the concept of ‘disaster risk’
5. List the strategies for disaster risk management ‘before’, ‘during’ and ‘after’ a disaster
6. What is disaster prevention? Distinguish it from disaster mitigation giving examples
7. Briefly explain the levels of stakeholder participation in the context of disaster risk
reduction
8. Explain the importance of communication in disaster management
9. What are Tsunamis? How are they caused?
10. Explain the earthquake zonation of India

Part B
Answer any one Question from each module. Each question carries 14 Marks
8
11. a. Explain the different types of cyclones and the mechanism of their formation [10]
b. Explain with examples, the difference between hazard and risk in the context of
disaster management
[4]
OR
12. Explain the following terms in the context of disaster management [14]
(a) exposure (b) resilience (c) disaster risk management (d) early warning systems, (e) damage
assessment (f) crisis counselling (g) needs assessment
13. a. What is participatory hazard mapping? How is it conducted? What are its advantages?
[8]
b. Explain the applications of hazard maps [6]
OR
14. Explain the types of vulnerabilities and the approaches to assess them [14]
15. a. Explain the core elements of disaster risk management [8]
b. Explain the factors that decide the nature of disaster response [6]
OR
16. a. What is disaster preparedness? Explain the components of a comprehensive disaster

preparedness strategy [6]
b. Explain the different disaster response actions [8]
17. a. Explain the benefits and costs of stakeholder participation in disaster management [10]
b. How are stakeholders in disaster management identified? [4]
OR
18. a. What are the steps to effective disaster communication? What are the barriers to
communication? [7]
b. Explain capacity building in the context of disaster management [7]
9
19. Explain the salient features of the National Policy on Disaster Management in India
[14]
OR
20. Explain the guiding principles and priorities of action according to the Sendai Framework
for Disaster Risk Reduction [14]
10
Teaching Plan
Module 1 5 Hours
1.1 Introduction about various Systems of earth, Lithosphere- 1 Hour
composition, rocks, Soils; Atmosphere-layers, ozone layer,
greenhouse effect, weather
1.2 Cyclones, atmospheric circulations, Indian Monsoon; hydrosphere- 1 Hour
Oceans, inland water bodies; biosphere
1.3 Definition and meaning of key terms in Disaster Risk Reduction 1 Hour
and Management- disaster, hazard,
1.4 Exposure, vulnerability, risk, risk assessment, risk mapping, 1 Hour
capacity, resilience, disaster risk reduction, Disaster risk
management, early warning systems
1.5 Disaster preparedness, disaster prevention, disaster, Mitigation, 1 Hour
disaster response, damage assessment, crisis counselling, needs
assessment.
Module 2 5 Hours
2.1 Various Hazard types, Hazard mapping; Different types of 1 Hour
Vulnerability types and their assessment
2.2 Vulnerability assessment and types, Physical and social 1 Hour
vulnerability
2.3 Economic and environmental vulnerability, Core elements of 1 Hour
disaster risk assessment
2.4 Components of a comprehensive disaster preparedness strategy 1 Hour
approaches, procedures
2.5 Different disaster response actions 1 Hour
Module 3 5 Hours
3.1 Introduction to Disaster risk management, Core elements of 1 Hour
Disaster Risk Management
3.2 Phases of Disaster Risk Management, Measures for Disaster Risk 1 Hour
Reduction
3.3 Measures for Disaster prevention, mitigation, and preparedness. 1 Hour
11
3.4 Disaster response- objectives, requirements. Disaster response 1 Hour
planning; types of responses.
3.5 Introduction- Disaster Relief, Relief; international relief 1 Hour
organizations.
Module 4 5 Hours
4.1 Participatory stakeholder engagement 1 Hour
4.2 Importance of disaster communication. 1 Hour
4.3 Disaster communication- methods, barriers. Crisis counselling 1 Hour
4.4 Introduction to Capacity Building. Concept – Structural Measures, 1 Hour
Non-structural Measures.
4.5 Introduction to Capacity Assessment, Capacity Assessment; 1 Hour
Strengthening, Capacity for Reducing Risk
Module 5 5 Hours
5.1 Introduction-Common disaster types in India. 1 Hour
5.2 Common disaster legislations in India on disaster management 1 Hour
5.3 National disaster management policy, Institutional arrangements 1 Hour
for disaster management in India.
5.4 The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction and targets 1 Hour
5.5 The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction-priorities for 1 Hour
action, guiding principles
12

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ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Prerequisite: EC202 Analog Circuits

CO 1 Understand Op Amp fundamentals and differential amplifier configurations

CO 2 Design operational amplifier circuits for various applications

Mapping of course outcomes with program outcomes

Bloom’s Category Continuous Assessment End Semester Examination

Total CIE ESE ESE Duration

Course Level Assessment Questions

Course Outcome 1 (CO1): Analyze differential amplifier configurations.

1. Explain the working of BJT differential amplifiers.

1. Design an opamp circuit to obtain an output voltage V0=-(2V1+4V2 + 3V3)

Course Outcome 3 (CO3): Design active filters using opamps

Differential Amplifiers: Differential amplifier configurations using BJT, DC Analysis- transfer

Course Contents and Lecture Schedule

2 Op-amp with negative feedback and Op-amp applications (11)

2.7 Integrator, Differentiator 1

3 Op-amp Oscillators and Multivibrators (10)

3.1 Phase Shift and Wien-bridge Oscillators, 2

3.2 Triangular and Sawtooth waveform generators, Astable and monostable 2

3.5 State variable filters 2

4 Timer, VCO and PLL ( 9)

4.1 Timer IC 555- Functional diagram, Astable and monostable operations. 2

4.2 Basic concepts of Voltage Controlled Oscillator 1

4.3 Application of VCO IC LM566 2

4.5 Basic building blocks, PLL IC 565, Applications of PLL 2

5 Voltage regulators and Data converters (9)

5.1 Fixed and Adjustable voltage regulators 1

5.2 IC 723 – Low voltage and high voltage configurations, 2

5.4 Digital to Analog converters, Specifications, Weighted resistor type and 2

APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Course Code: ECT301

Answer ALL Questions. Each Carries 3 mark.

1. Draw and list the functions of 741 IC pins K1

Differentiate between line and load regulations. K3

13. a) Design a fullwave rectifier to rectify an ac signal of 0.2V peak- 7 CO2 K3

DIGITAL SIGNAL CATEGORY L T P CREDIT

Prerequisite: ECT 204 Signals and systems

Mapping of course outcomes with program outcomes

Bloom’s Category Continuous Assessment End Semester

Total Marks CIE ESE ESE Duration

Continuous Internal Evaluation Pattern:

Course Level Assessment Questions

1. Find the 8 point DFT of a real sequence x(n)={1,2,2,2,1,0,0,0,0} using Decimation in

2. Realize an FIR system with the given difference equation y(n)=x(n)-0.5x(n-1)+0.25x(n-

Course Contents and Lecture Schedule

No. Topic No. of

3.1 Design of FIR Filters- Symmetric and Anti-symmetric FIR Filters, 4

The following simulations to be done in Scilab/ Matlab/ LabView/GNU Octave:

3. Compare the above plots and obtain the relationship?

1. Incorporate the radix-2 FFT implementation in the above function to obtain a

xa(t) A/D H(z) D/A

to satisfy the following requirements. Sampling rate of 8000samples/second, Pass

1. Determine the Direct form filter structure

2. Compare the spectra and obtain the inference?

Model Question Paper

A P J Abdul Kalam Technological University

Fifth Semester B Tech Degree Examination

Course: ECT 303 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING