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Class 12 - Physics

Sample Paper - 03 (2022-23)

Maximum Marks: 70

Time Allowed: : 3 hours

General Instructions:

1. There are 35 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.

2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E. All the sections are
compulsory.
3. Section A contains eighteen MCQ of 1 mark each, Section B contains seven questions of two marks each, Section C
contains five questions of three marks each, section D contains three long questions of five marks each and Section E
contains two case study based questions of 4 marks each.
4. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in section B, C, D and E. You have to attempt
only one of the choices in such questions.
5. Use of calculators is not allowed.

Section A
1. The manifestation of band structure in solids is due to:
a) Boltzmann's law
b) Pauli's exclusion principle
c) Bohr's correspondence principle
d) Heisenberg's uncertainly principle
2. Two similar head lamps are connected in parallel to each other. Together, they consume 48 W from a 6 V battery, the
resistance of each filament is:
a) 4Ω
b) 6Ω
c) 3Ω
d) 1.5Ω
3. A lens forms a sharp image on a screen. On inserting a parallel-sides slab of glass between the lens and the screen it is
found necessary to move the screen a distance d away from the lens in order for the image to be again sharply focussed.
If the refractive index of glass relative to air is μ , then the thickness of the slab is:
μd
a)
(μ−1)

b)
d

(μ−1)d
c) μ
μ
d)
d

4. The diode used in the circuit shown in the figure has a constant voltage drop of 0.5 V at all currents and a maximum
power rating of 100 milliwatts. What should be the value of the resistor R, connected in series with the diode, for
obtaining maximum current?

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a) 200 Ω
b) 1.5 Ω
c) 5 Ω
d) 6.67 Ω
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5. Three capacitors C1, C2 and C3 are connected as shown in the figure to a battery of V volt. If the capacitor C3 breaks
down electrically the change in total charge on the combination of capacitors is:

a) (C1 + C2) V[1 - C3/(C1 + C2 + C3)]

b) (C1 + C2) V[1 - (C1 + C2)/(C1 + C2 + C3)]
c) (C1 + C2) V [1 + C3/(C1 + C2 + C3)]
d) (C1 + C2) V[1 - C2/(C1 + C2 + C3)]
6. An arc of a circle of radius R subtends an angle π

2
 at the 2 centre. It carries a current I. The magnetic field at the centre
will be:
μ I
a) 2R
0

μ I
b) 8R
0

μ I
c) 0

4R
2μ I
d) 5R
0

7. A motor having an armature of resistant 2Ω  is designed to operate at 220 V mains. At full speed, it develops a back emf
of 210 V. When the motor is running at full speed, the current in the armature is:
a) 10 A
b) 5 A
c) 3 A
d) 7 A
8. The ratio of the frequencies of the long-wavelength limits of the Lyman and Balmer series of hydrogen is:
a) 5 : 27
b) 1 : 4
c) 4 : 1
d) 27 : 5
9. Transverse nature of light was confirmed by the phenomenon of:
a) refraction of light
b) diffraction of light
c) dispersion of light
d) polarization of light
10. If σ = surface charge density, ε  = electric permittivity, the dimensions of   are same as
σ

a) pressure
b) electric force
c) electric charge
d) electric field intensity

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11. Which one of the following represents forward bias diode?
a)
b)
c)
d)
12. The diameter of a plano-convex lens is 6 cm and thickness at the center is 3 mm. If the speed of light in the material of
the lens is 2 ×  108 m/s, the focal length of the lens is
a) 30 cm
b) 15 cm
c) 10 cm
d) 20 cm
13. What will be the number of photons emitted per second by a 10 W sodium vapour lamp assuming that 90% of the
consumed energy is converted into light? [Wavelength of sodium light is 590 nm, and h = 6.63 × 10-34 Js]
a) 0.267 × 1018
b) 0.267 × 1019
c) 0.267 × 1017
d) 0.267 × 1020
14. The spherical charged conductor has a surface charge density σ. The electric field on its surface is E and the electric
potential of the conductor is V. Now the radius of the sphere is halved keeping the charge to be constant. The new values
of electric field and potential would be:
a) 2E, 4V
b) 2E, 2V
c) 4E, 2V
d) 4E, 4V
15. The fringe width of bands in Young’s double-slit experiment can be increased by:
a) increasing the distance between the two sources
b) dipping the apparatus into water
c) decreasing the wavelength of light used
d) decreasing the distance between the two sources
16. Assertion (A): Radioactivity of 108 undecayed radioactive nuclei of half life of 50 days is equal to that of 1.2 × 108
number of undecayed nuclei of some other material with half-life of 60 days.

Reason (R): Radioactivity is proportional to half-life.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.
17. Assertion (A): Static crashes are heard on radio, when a lightning flash occurs.

Reason (R): Light and radio waves travel with the same speed.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.
18. Assertion: The poles of magnets cannot be seperated by breaking it into two pieces.

Reason: The magnetic moment will be reduced to half when a magnet is broken into two equal pieces.

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a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
Section B
19. Calculate the value of Vo and I, if the Si diode and the Ge diode conduct at 0.7 V and 0.3 V respectively, in the circuit
given in figure. If now Ge diode connections are reversed, what will be the new values of Vo and I.

20. i. In hydrogen atom, an electron undergoes transition from second excited state to the first excited state and then to the
ground state. Identify the spectral series to which these transitions belong.
ii. Find out the ratio of the wavelengths of the emitted radiations in the two cases.
21. Arrange the following electromagnetic waves in the order of their increasing wavelength :
a. γ -rays
b. Microwaves
c. X-rays
d. Radio waves

How are infra-red waves produced? What role does infra-red radiation play in
i. maintaining the Earth's warmth and
ii. physical therapy?

OR

Give any two characteristics of electromagnetic waves. Write the expression for the velocity of electromagnetic waves in
terms of permittivity and permeability of the medium.
22. Draw and explain the output waveform across the load resistor R, if the input waveform is as shown in the given figure.

23. In Fig. the potentials at points A and B are VA and VB respectively. Calculate VA - VB for the given arrangement.

OR

Two insulated charged spheres of radii 7 cm and 13 cm and having the same charge are connected by a conductor and
then they are separated. Which of the two spheres will carry greater charge?

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24. A proton and an alpha particle are accelerated through the same potential. Which one of the two has (i) greater value of
de-Broglie wavelength associated with it, and (ii) less kinetic energy? Justify your answer.
25. The potential energy (V), of a pair of nucleons varies with separation (r) between them, in the manner shown in Fig.

Use this graph to explain why the force between the nucleons must be regarded as

i. strongly repulsive for separation values less than r0.

ii. attractive nuclear force (r > r0).
Section C
26. It is found experimentally that 13.6 eV energy is required to separate a hydrogen atom into a proton and an electron.
Compute the orbital radius and the velocity of the electron in a hydrogen atom.
27. What is diffraction of light? Draw a graph showing the variation of intensity with angle in a single slit diffraction
experiment. Write one feature which distinguish the observed pattern from the double slit interference pattern. How
would the diffraction pattern of a single slit be affected when:
i. the width of the slit is decreased?
ii.  the monochromatic source of light is replaced by a source of white light?
28. A circular coil of radius 8.0 cm and 20 turns rotates about its vertical diameter with an angular speed of 50 rads   in a
−1

uniform horizontal magnetic field of magnitude 3 × 10 T   . Obtain the maximum and average emf induced in the
−2

coil. If the coil forms a closed loop of resistance 10 Ω , calculate the maximum value of current in the coil. Calculate the
average power loss due to Joule heating. Where does this power come from?

OR

How is the mutual inductance of a pair of coils affected when:

i. separation between the coils is increased?
ii. the number of turns of each coil is increased?
iii. A thin iron sheet is placed between the two coils, other factors remaining the same?
29. Calculate the electric and magnetic fields produced by the radiation coming from a 100 W bulb at a distance of 3 m.
Assume that the efficiency of the bulb is 2.5% and it is a point source.

OR

The oscillating magnetic field in a plane electromagnetic wave is given by

−6 11
By = (8 × 10 ) sin[2 × 10 t + 300πx]T

i. Calculate the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.

ii. Write down the expression for the oscillating electric field.
30. Two bar magnets of length 0.1 m and pole strength 75 Am each, are placed on the same line. The distance between their
centres is 0.2 m. What is the resultant force due to one on the other when
i. the north pole of one faces the south pole of the other and
ii. the north pole of one faces the north pole of the other?
Section D
31. a. Using Gauss' theorem, obtain an expression for the electric field intensity at a point at a distance r from an infinitely
long uniformly charged straight wire.

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b. An electric dipole AB consists of charges ± 5 nC and separated by a distance of 2 ×  10-3 m [Fig].

The dipole is placed near a long line charge having linear charge density 4.5× 10-4 Cm-1, such that the negative
charge is at a distance OA = 2⋅ 5 cm from the line charge. Find the force acting on the dipole.

OR

i. Three point charges q, – 4q and 2q are placed at the vertices of an equilateral triangle ABC of side l as shown in the
figure. Obtain the expression for the magnitude of the resultant electric force acting on the charge q.

ii. Find out the amount of the work done to separate the charges at infinite distance.
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32. i. Draw a labelled ray diagram to obtain the real image formed by an astronomical telescope in normal adjustment
position. Define its magnifying power.
ii. You are given three lenses of power 0.5 D, 4D and 10 D to design a telescope.
a. Which lenses should be used as objective and eyepiece? Justify your answer.
b. Why is the aperture of the objective preferred to be large?

OR

Determine the 'effective focal length' of the combination of the two lenses having focal lengths 30 cm and -20cm if they
are placed 8.0 cm apart with their principal axes coincident. Does the answer depend on which side of the combination a
beam of parallel light is incident? Is the notion of effective focal length of this system useful at all?
33. i. State Kirchhoffs rules.
ii. A battery of 10 V and negligible internal resistance is connected across the diagonally opposite corners of a cubical
network consisting of 12 resistors each of 1Ω resistance.

Use Kirchhoffs rules to determine

a. the total current in the network.
b. the equivalent resistance of the network
Section E

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34. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:

A magnetic field can be produced by moving, charges or electric currents. The basic equation governing the magnetic
field due to a current distribution is the Biot-Savart law. Finding the magnetic field resulting from a current distribution
involves the vector product, and is inherently a calculus problem when the distance from the current to the field point is
continuously changing. According to this law, the magnetic field at a point due to a current element of length dl ⃗ carrying
⃗ 
μ ⃗ 
I (dl ×r )
current I, at a distance r from the element is dB = .

3
4π r

Biot-Savart law has certain similarities as well as differences with Columb's law for electrostatic field e.g., there is an
angle dependence in Biot-Savart law which is not present in the electrostatic case.
i. What is the direction of magnetic field dB⃗  at a distance r due to a current element Idl when current I passes
through a long conductor ?
ii. What happens to the magnetic field due to a current carrying wire if the distance of the point  from the current
carrying wire is reduced to half?
iii. Two long straight wires are set parallel to each other. Each carries a current i in the same direction and the
separation between them is 2r. What will be the intensity of the magnetic field midway between them?

OR
A long straight wire carries a current along the z-axis. What will be the magnetic field along the Z axis.
35. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:

A transformer is an electrical device which is used for changing the a.c. voltages. It is based on the phenomenon of
mutual induction i.e. whenever the amount of magnetic flux linked with a coil changes, an e.m.f. is induced in the
neighbouring coil. For an ideal transformer, the resistances of the primary and secondary windings are negligible.

Es Ip ns
It can be shown that  Ep
=
Is
=
np
 = k

where the symbols have their standard meanings.

For a step-up transformer, ns > np; Es > Ep; k > 1; ∴  Is < Ip

For a step down transformer, ns < np; Es < Ep; k < 1

The above relations are on the assumption that efficiency of transformer is 100%.

 output power  Es Is
Infact, efficiency η =  intput power 
=
Ep Ip

i. The number of turns in the primary coil of a transformer is 20 and the number of turns in a secondary is 10. If
the voltage across the primary is 220 ac V, what is the voltage across the secondary?
ii. In a transformer, the number of primary turns is four times that of the secondary turns. Its primary is connected
to an a.c. source of voltage V. What will be the current through its secondary?
iii. A transformer is used to light 100 W - 110 V lamps from 220 V mains. If the main current is 0.5 A, then what
will be the efficiency of the transformer?
OR
Which quantity remains constant in an ideal transformer?

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Class 12 - Physics

Sample Paper - 03 (2022-23)

Solution

Section A
1. (b) Pauli's exclusion principle

Explanation: Pauli's exclusion principle

2. (d) 1.5Ω

Explanation: Let r be the resistance of each lamp and R be equivalent resistance when connected in parallel. Then r and
R are related as,

R
= +
1

r

1

⇒ R =
r
 

Now, power is given as

V
P =
R

6×6
⇒ 48 =
R

⇒ R =
3

3
∴ r =
2

⇒ r = 1.5Ω
μd
3. (a)

(μ−1)

Explanation: When a glass slab of thickness t is inserted in the path of the light rays, the point of intersection of ray
shifts by t (1 - ) in the direction in which the ray is moving

As per the question d = t (1 -  )

dμ
Solving we get, t = 
(μ−1)

4. (c) 5 Ω

Explanation: Current in the circuit, I

P
=
V
−3

100×10
∴ I = = 0.2amp
0.5
 Voltage drop 
Now, R = =
1

0.2
= 5Ω

 Current 

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5. (a) (C1 + C2) V[1 - C3/(C1 + C2 + C3)]

Explanation: Equivalent capacitance of circuit,

1 1 1
= +
Ce q C3 C1 +C2

(Since C1 and C2 are in parallel and which is in series with C3).

C1 +C2 +C3
i.e..,  1
=

Ce q C3 (C1 +C2 )

C3 (C1 +C2 )
∴ Ceq. =
C1 +C2 +C3

Since V is the voltage of battery, charge, q = Ceq.V

C3 (C1 +C2 )V
=
C1 +C2 +C3

If the capacitor C3 breaks down, then effective capacitance,

Ceq. = C1+ C2

∴  New charge q' = C'eq. V = (C1 + C2)V

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 Change in total charge = q' - q

C3 (C1 +C2 )V
= ( C1 + C2 ) V −
C1 +C2 +C3

C3
= ( C1 + C2 ) V [1 − ]
C1 +C2 +C3

μ I
6. (c) 0

4R

μ I
Explanation: 0

4R

7. (b) 5 A

e1  −  e2
Explanation: I =  = 5A
220 − 210 10
= =
R R 2

8. (a) 5 : 27

Explanation: λ  (longest) for Balmer series = ( )

36

5R

λ  (longest) for Lyman series = ( 3R

4
)

Ratio =  4
×
5
=
5

3 36 27

9. (d) polarization of light

Explanation: The phenomenon of polarization confirms that light is a transverse wave because, for polarization, the
light should have different components oscillating in the different planes and a transverse wave has the oscillations
perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the wave.
10. (d) electric field intensity

Explanation: The relation between E, σ and E is E = 

σ

11. (a)

Explanation: In forward biased diode, p-side is at higher potential than n-side.

12. (a) 30 cm

Explanation: By Pythagoras theorem

R2 = (3)2 + (R - 0.3)2 ⇒ R ≈ 15 cm

Refractive index of material of lens μ = 

c

Here c = speed of light in vacuum = 3 × 108 m/s

v = speed of light in material of lens = 2 × 108 m/s

=  3×10

8
=
3

2×10

From lens maker's formula

 = (μ − 1)  (

1 1 1
− )
f R1 R2

Here, R1 = R and R2 = ∞ (For plane surface)

1 3 1
= ( − 1) ( )
f 2 15

⇒  f = 30 cm
13. (d) 0.267 × 1020

Explanation: The energy of a photon,

−34 8

E =
hc
=
6.63×10 ×3×10

−9
 J =
663×3

59
× 10
−20
 J

λ 590×10

Light energy emitted per second by 10 W bulb

× 10 = 9 J

90
=
100

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Number of photons emitted per second

= 0.267 × 1020
20
9×59×10
=
663×3

14. (c) 4E, 2V

q
Explanation: E =  4πε0
1

As q is constant, so E ∝ 1

Radius is halved. Therefore, electric field will become 4 times or 4E

q
Further, V = 
4πε0
1

As q is constant, so V ∝

Radius is halved, so potential will become two times or 2 V.

15. (d) decreasing the distance between the two sources

Explanation: The fringe width of bands in Young’s double-slit experiment can be increased by decreasing the distance
between the two sources.
16. (c) A is true but R is false.

Explanation: A is true but R is false.

17. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation: A lightning flash involves tremendous electrical fields and currents, which oscillate between the earth and
clouds or between two groups of clouds. In this electrical activity, many charges oscillate and produce a wide variety of
electromagnetic waves. Those electromagnetic waves, which have frequencies in radiowave range, interfere with
radiowaves. Since light and radio waves travel with the same speed, thus they arrive at the same point we hear static
crashes.
18. (a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.

Explanation: Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
Section B

19.

Current, I  = 2.34 mA

12−0.3
=
3
5×10

Output voltage, V o = RI = (5 × 10 ) × (2.34 × 10

3 −3
)  = 11.7 V

When the connections of Ge diode are reversed, then current will be through silicon.

In this case, I =  = 2.26 mA

′ 12−0.7

3
5×10

and 

′ ′
Vo = I R = (2.26 × 10
−3
) × (5 × 10 )
3
  = 11.3 V
20. i. When an electron undergoes transition from second excited state to the first excited state it is known as Balmer series
and then to the ground state is known as Lyman series.
ii. The wavelength of the emitted radiations in the two cases are: 

λL

For n ⟶ n

2 1

ΔE  = (−3.40 + 13.6) = 10.20eV

o
−7

 λL
=
12.43×10

10.2
= 1.218 × 10
−7
m = 1281A

λB

For n 3 ⟶ n2

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ΔE = (−1.5 + 3.4) = 1.9eV

o
−7

12.43×10 −7
⇒ λB = = 6.54 × 10 m = 6540A
1.9

6540A
λB
∴ = = 5.10
o
λL
1281A

21. In the order of increasing wavelength, the e.m. waves are

γ -rays, < X-rays < Microwaves < Radiowaves

Infrared rays are produced by hot bodies or by vibrations of atoms and molecules.
i. Infrared rays maintain earth's warmth through green house effect.
ii. Infrared lamps are used in physical therapy because of the heat produced by infrared rays.

OR

The two characteristics of electromagnetic waves are:

i. They do not require any material medium to travel.
ii. They are transverse in nature i.e., electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular to each other and also to the direction
of the propagation of the wave.

The required expression of velocity of electromagnetic wave is, c =  , where μ  and ε  are the permeability and
1
o o
√μ0 ε0

permittivity of the medium respectively.

22. When the input voltage is +5V, the diode gets forward biased, the output across R is +5V, as shown in figure. When the
input voltage is -5V , the diode gets reverse biased. No output is obtained across R.  The output wave form is as shown
in Fig.

23. The net potential at A due to the two charges is

q q qy
VA =
1
[
x
−
x+y
] =
1
⋅

4πε0 4πε0 x(x+y)

The net potential at B due to the two charges is

1 q q 1 qy 1 2qy
VB = [ − ] = − + ∴ VA − VB = ⋅
4πε0 x+y x 4πε0 x(x+y) 4πε0 x(x+y)

OR

The sphere of 13 cm radius has greater capacitance than the sphere of 7 cm radius (C = 4πε R ). So the sphere of 13 cm 0

radius will carry more charge, Q = CV. Both spheres attain the same potential V when connected by a conductor.

Q Q
In fact V =
1
=
2

C1 C2

24. i. The de-Broglie wavelength associated with same potential V is

λ =
h

p
or λ =
mv
h

∴ λ ∝
1

√m

As proton's mass is less than the mass of alpha particle thus,

λproton> λ
alpha

 
ii. As, K . E. =

hc

⇒ K . E. ∝
1

Since, λ proton > λalpha

Thus, kinetic energy of proton will be lesser than that of alpha particle.

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25. The potential energy of the two nucleons is minimum at a separation of r0.
i. For separation values less than r0, the P.E. increases rapidly with the decrease in separation r. This indicates strong
repulsion between the nucleons.
ii. For separation values greater than r0, the P.E. is negative which falls to zero for a separation more than a few
femtometers. This indicates an attractive force between the nucleons.
Section C
26. Total energy of the electron in hydrogen atom is –13.6 eV = –13.6 × 1.6 × 10–19 J = –2.2 × 10–18 J.

Thus from Eq., we have

= E

e
−
8πε0 r

This gives the orbital radius

2
9 2 2 −19
2 (9×10 Nm /C ) (1.6×10 C)
r = −
e

8πε0 E
= −
−18

(2)(−2.2×10 J)

= 5.3 × 10–11 m

The velocity of the revolving electron can be computed from Eq. with m = 9.1 × 10–31 kg,

 thus velocity of electron is given by :-

1 2 e
mv =
2
2 4πϵ0 r

e 6
v = = 2.2 × 10 m/s
2
√4πε0 mr

27. Diffraction of light: Phenomenon of bending of light around the corners of an obstacle or aperture is called diffraction.

The intensity distribution wave for diffraction is shown in the diagram below:

In interference, by 2 slits all bright fringes are of same intensity. In diffraction, the intensity of bright fringes decreases
with the increase in distance from the central bright fringe.
i. The diffraction pattern becomes narrower if the width of the slit is decreased.
ii.  When the monochromatic source is replaced by a white light source, we get a coloured diffraction pattern. The
central band is white, but the other bands are coloured. As bandwidth is proportional to λ,  the red band of higher
wavelength is wider than the violet band with smaller wavelength.
28. Flux through each turn,

−
→→
ϕ = B. A = BA cos θ

or ϕ = Bπr
2
cos(ωt)  

For N turns, ϕ T = N Bπr

2
cos(ωt)

dϕT
The induced emf  |ε| = dt
 

2
d[NBπr cos(ωt)]
=

dt

|ε| = N Bπr ω sin(ωt)

2

The maximum emf,

E0 = N Bπr ω
2

= 20 × 50 × π × 64 × 10
−4
× 3.0 × 10
−2

= 0.603 V

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The average emf over a cycle = 0

The maximum current,

Eo
I0 = =
0.603

10
 = 0.0603 A

Power loss, P = 0.018 W

1 1
= E0 I0 = × 0.603 × 0.0603
2 2

The induced current causes a restoring torque in the coil. An external source is responsible for the supply of energy for
this torque. So we can say that source of this power is the external rotor.

OR

i. Mutual inductance (M) decreases because the quantity of flux linking to a coil due to the other one will decrease.
ii. M increases because as the number of turns increase, the overall flux density also increases and hence the mutual
inductance will also increase.
iii. M increases because iron is ferromagnetic in nature hence, it will increase the flux density.
29. The bulb, as a point source, radiates light in all directions uniformly. At a distance of 3 m, the surface area of the
surrounding sphere is

A = 4πr2 = 4π(3)2 = 113 m2

The intensity I at this distance is

 Power  100W×2.5
I = =
2
 Area  113m

= 0.022 W/m2

Half of this intensity is provided by the electric field and half by the magnetic field is given by:

2
I =
1

2
(ε0 Erms c)
2

=
1

2
 (0.022 W/m2)

−−−−−−−−−−−−−
Erms = √
0.022

−12 8
V/m

(8.85×10 )(3×10 )

= 2.9 V/m

The value of E found above is the root mean square value of the electric field. Since the electric field in a light beam is
sinusoidal, the peak electric field, E0 is

– –
E0 = √2Erms = √2 × 2.9V/m

= 4.07 V/m

Thus, the electric field strength  for reading is fairly large. Compare it with an electric field strength of TV or FM waves,
which is of the order of a few microvolts per metre.

Now, let us calculate the strength of the magnetic field.

 = 9.6 ×  10-9 T

−1
Erms
Brms =
c
 = 2.9Vm

8 −1
3×10 ms

Again, since the field in the light beam is sinusoidal, the peak magnetic field is B0 = √2 Brms = 1.4 ×  10-8 T. Note that
–

although the energy in the magnetic field is equal to the energy in the electric field, the magnetic field strength is
evidently very weak.

OR

Given equation is:B y = (8 × 10

−6
) sin[2 × 10
11
t + 300πx]T

i. Comparing the given equation with the equation of magnetic field varying sinusoidally with x and t,

, we get

2πx 2πt
By = B0 sin( + )
λ T

2π
= 300π
λ

Thus, the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave is,

2
λ = = 0.0067m
300

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ii. B 0 = 8 × 10
−6
T

E0 = cB0 = 3 × 10
8
× 8 × 10
−6

= 24 × 10
2
= 2400V m
−1

∴  The required expression for the oscillating electric field is,

2πx 2πt
Ez = E0 sin( + )
λ T

11
= 2400 sin(300πx + 2 × 10 t)V /m

30. When N faces South

Pole Strength (m) = 75 Am

North pole of magnet 1 attract the south pole of magnet 2 

μ 2 μ
F1 =  0
×
m

2
 [ 0
 = 4π × 10 −7
]

4π r 4π

−7 2

 = 5625 ×  10-7 ×  102 = 5625 ×  10-5 

10 ×(75)
=  2
(0.1)

North pole of magnet 1 pull north pole of magnet 2

−3 2
μ 2
10 ×(75)
F2 =   =   

0 m
×
2 2
4π r (0.2)

 = 1406.25 ×  10-5 N

−5

=  5625×10

Now, South of magnet 1 repels South of magnet 2

F3 = 10 −7
×
m

2
 

 = 1406.25 ×  10-5 N

−7 2

=  10 ×75

2
(0.2)

South of magnet 1 attracts the norht of magnet 2

 = 625 ×  10-5 

−7 2 −5

F4 =   = 
10 ×75 5625×10

2
9
(0.3)

∴  Net force of magnet 2 due to 1 = F1 + F4 - F2 - F3 

= (5625 + 625 - 2 ×  406.25) ×  10-5 = 3437.5 ×  10-5 

i. The north pole of one faces the south pole of other = 3.4 ×  10-2 N (attraction)
ii. The north pole of one faces the north pole of other = 3.4 ×  10-2 N (repulsion)
Section D
31. a. Consider a thin infinitely long straight line charge having a uniform linear charge density λ  placed along YY'. Draw
a cylindrical surface of radius r and length l about the line charge as its axis.

If E is the magnitude of electric field at point P, then electric flux through the gaussian surface is given by

ϕ = E ×  area of the curved surface of a cylinder of cylinder radius r and length l

or 

ϕ = E × 2π r l

q
According to Gauss' theorem, we have ϕ = ε0

Now, charge enclosed by the gaussian surface, q = λ  l

λl
∴ ϕ =
ε0

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Thus,

λl
E× 2 π r l =
ε0

or E = 1 λ

2πε0 r

b. Electric field at a distance r from the line charge,

1 λ
E = ⋅
2πε0 r

To calculate force on charge -q at point A:

Here, OA = 2⋅ 5 cm = 2⋅ 5 ×  10-2 m

Electric field at point A,

−4

1 4.5×10
E1 = ×
−12 −2
2π×8.854×10 2.5×10

= 3⋅ 24 × 108 NC-1

Force on charge - q at point A, F1 = qE1 = 5 ×  10-9 ×  3⋅ 24 ×  108 = 1⋅ 62 N (towards the line charge)

To calculate force on charge +q at point B:

Here, OB = 2⋅ 5 ×  10-2 + 2 ×  10-3 = 2⋅ 7 ×  10-2 m

Electric field at point B,

−4

E2 =
1

−12
×
4.5×10

−2

2π×8.854×10 2.7×10

= 3 ×  108 NC-1

Force on charge + q at point B,

F2 = qE2 = 5 ×  10-9 ×  3 ×  10-8 = 1⋅ 5 N (away from the line charge)

Hence, net force on electric dipole,

F = F1 - F2 = 1.62 - 1.5 = 0⋅ 12 N (towards the line charge)

OR

i. Consider the figure shown below. The forces acting on charge q at A due to charges -4q at B and 2q at C are F1 along
AB and F2 along CA respectively.

2
2
(4q)(q) (4q ) q
| F ⃗  | = 
1
4πε0
1

2
 =  4πε0
1

2
 =  1

πε0 2

l l l
2
(2q)(q) q
| F ⃗  | = 
2
1

2
 =  1

4πε0 l 2πε0 l

Thus, F1 = 2F2

Now angle between F ⃗   and F ⃗   is 120o. Thus magnitude of the resultant force F is given by,

1 2
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
F = √F 1
1
+ F
2
2
+ 2F1 F2 cos 120
∘

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−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
F = √(2F

2 2 2 ∘
2
) + F + 4F cos 120
2 2
−−−−−−−−−−−−
F = √4F 2
2
+ F
2
2
− 2F
2
2

−−−
F = √3F  
2
2

2
√3 q
F =  2πε0 2
l

ii.
The amount of work done to separate the charges to infinity will be equal to potential energy of the system of
charges.

U =  1

4πε0 l
[q × (-4q) + (q ×  2q) + (-4q ×  2q)]

U =  1
[-4q2 + 2q2 - 8q2]

4πε0 l

U =  1
 [-10q2]

4πε0 l

U=-  [10q2]
1

4πε0 l

32. i. In astronomical telescope for normal adjustment, final image is formed at infinity and it is virtual.

The labelled ray diagram to obtain one of the real image formed by the astronomical telescope is shown below:

Magnifying power is defined as the ratio of the angle subtended at the eye by the focal image as seen through the
telescope to the angle subtended at the eye by the object seen directly, when both the image and the object lies at
infinity.
ii.  
a. We know the objective lens of a telescope should have larger focal length and eyepiece lens should have smaller
focal length. And focal length is inverse of power, so lens of power (P = 1/f).

Thus, 10D can be used as eyepiece and lens of power 0.5 D can be used as objective lens.
b. The objective lens of a telescope should have larger aperture, in order to form bright image of distant objects, so
that it can gather sufficient light rays from the distant objects.

OR

Here, f1 = 30 cm, f2 = -20 cm, d = 8.0 cm

Let a parallel beam be incident on the convex lens first. If second lens were absent, then

∴ u1 = ∞ and f1 = 30 cm

As

1 1 1
− =
v1 u1 f
1

∴
1

v1
−
1

∞
=
1

30

or v1 = 30 cm

This image would now act as virtual object for second lens.

∴ u2 = +(30 - 8) = +22 cm

f2 = -20 cm

Since,

1 1 1
= +
v2 f u2
2

1 1 1
∴ = +
v2 −20 22

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−11+10 −1
= =
220 220

v2 = -220 cm

∴ Parallel incident beam would appear to diverge from a point 220 - 4 = 216 cm from the centre of the two lens system.

Assume that a parallel beam of light from the left is incident first on the concave lens.

∴ u1 = −∞ , f1 = -20 cm

As

1 1 1
− =
v1 u1 f
1

1 1 1 1 1 1
∴ = + = + = −
v1 f1 u1 −20 −∞ 20

v1 = -20cm

This image acts as a real object for the second lens

u2 = -(20 + 8) = -28cm, f2 = 30 cm

Since,

1 1 1
− =
v2 u2 f
2

1 1 1 1 1 14−15
∴ = + = − =
v2 f2 u2 30 28 420

v2 = -420 cm

The parallel beam appears to diverge from a point 420 - 4 = 416 cm, on the left of the centre of the two lens system.

We finally conclude that the answer depends on the side of the lens system where the parallel beam is incident.
Therefore, the notion of effective focal length does not seem to be meaningful here.

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33. i. Kirchhoffs Ist rule or Junction Rule: The algebraic sum of electric currents at any junction of electric circuit is
equal to zero i.e., ∑ I = 0

Kirchhoff's IInd rule or Voltage Law: In any closed mesh of electrical circuit, the algebraic sum of emfs of cells
and the product of currents and resistances is always equal to zero.

i.e., ∑ E + ∑ I R = 0

ii. a) Let 6I current be drawn from the cell. Since the paths AA', AD and AB are symmetrical, current through them is
same. As per Kirchhoff's junction rule, the current distribution is shown in the figure.

Let the equivalent resistance across the combination be R.

E = VA - VB = (6I)R

⇒  6IR = 10 [∵  E = 10 V] ....(i)

Applying Kirchoff's second rule in loop AA'B'C'A

- 2I ×  1 - I ×  1 - 2I ×  1 + 10 = 0

⇒  5I = 10 

⇒  I = 2A

Total current in the network = 6I = 6 ×  2 = 12 A

b) From Eq. (i), 6IR = 10 

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6 ×  2 ×  R = 10 

R =   =  Ω
10 5

12 6

Section E
34. i. perpendicular to both dl ⃗ and r
⃗ 
According to Biot-Savart's law, the magnetic induction due to a current element is given by

μ ⃗ 
I dl ×r ⃗ 
⃗ 
dB =
0

4π r
→
this is perpendicular to both  dl  and r ⃗ 
ii. decreases as  , so it becomes 4 times.

2
r

From Biot-savart's law

μ0
dB =   i.e., dB ∝
I dl 1
2 2
4π r r

iii. It will become zero

μ μ
B =   = 0
0 i 0 i
⋅ − ⋅
2π r 2π r

OR

The magnetic fields along the current current carrying wire is zero.
Vs Ns
35. i. For a transformer,  Vp
=
Np

Where N denotes the number of turns and V = voltage.

Vs
 

10
∴ =
220 20

∴  Vs = 110 ac V
ii. In a transformer, the primary and secondary currents are related by

Np
Is = ( Ns
) Ip

and the voltage are related by

Ns
Vs = ( Np
) Vp

where subscripts p and s refer to the primary and secondary of the transformer.

Np
Here, Vp = V ⋅
Ns
= 4 ∴    Is = 4Ip 

and Vs = ( 1 V
)V =
4 4

 Output power (Pout  )
iii. The efficiency of the transformer is η = × 100

 Input power (Pin  )

Here, Pout = 100 W, Pin = (220 V)(0.5 A) = 110 W

   = 90%
100 W
∴ η = × 100
110 W

OR

In an ideal transformer, there is no power loss. The efficiency of an ideal transformer is η = 1 (i.e 100 %) i.e.
input power = output power.

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