myCBSEguide

Class 12 - Physics

Sample Paper - 01 (2022-23)

Maximum Marks: 70

Time Allowed: : 3 hours

General Instructions:

1. There are 35 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.

2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E. All the sections are
compulsory.
3. Section A contains eighteen MCQ of 1 mark each, Section B contains seven questions of two marks each, Section C
contains five questions of three marks each, section D contains three long questions of five marks each and Section E
contains two case study based questions of 4 marks each.
4. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in section B, C, D and E. You have to attempt
only one of the choices in such questions.
5. Use of calculators is not allowed.

Section A
1. An n-type semiconductor is formed by adding impurity materials:
a) cobalt, aluminium or selenium
b) aluminium, boron or selenium
c) phosphorus, antimony or arsenic
d) aluminium, boron or indium
2. Two wires have lengths, diameters and specific resistances all in the ratio of 1 : 2. The resistance of the first wire is 10
ohm. Resistance of the second wire (in ohm) will be:
a) 10
b) 20
c) 5
d) infinite
3. A rod of length 10 cm lies along the principal axis of a concave mirror of focal length 10 cm in such a way that its end
closer to the pole is 20 cm away from the mirror. The length of the image is:
a) 1.5 cm
b) 10 cm
c) 5 cm
d) 15 cm
4. If a small amount of antimony is added to germanium crystal
a) it becomes a p-type semiconductor
b) the antimony becomes an acceptor atom
c) its resistance is increased
d) there will be more free electrons than holes in the semiconductor
5. Two charges + q and - q are kept apart. Then, at any point on the right bisector of line joining the two charges:
a) both electric potential and electric field strength are zero
b) both electric potential and electric field strength are non-zero
c) the electric field strength is zero

Copyright © myCBSEguide.com. Mass distribution in any mode is strictly prohibited.

1 / 18
myCBSEguide
d) the electric potential is zero
6. A current carrying loop is placed in a uniform magnetic field in four different orientations, I, II, III and IV. Arrange them
in the decreasing order of potential energy.

a) I > IV > II > III

b) I > III > II > IV
c) III > IV > I > II
d) I > II > III > IV
To practice more questions & prepare well for exams, download myCBSEguide App. It provides complete study
material for CBSE, NCERT, JEE (main), NEET-UG and NDA exams. Teachers can use Examin8 App to create similar
papers with their own name and logo.
7. What is the unit of self inductance of a coil?
a) volt sec A-1
b) volt-1 sec A
c) volt sec-1 A-2
d) volt sec-1 A-1
8. The Rydberg constant R for hydrogen is:
2 4

a) R = 1 2π me
( ) ⋅
2
4πε0
ch
2 2

b) R = −[
4πε0
1
] ⋅
2π me

2
ch
2
2 4

c) R = (
1
) ⋅
2π me

2
4πε0 c h
2

d) R =
me

2 3
8ϵ h c
0

9. Two sources give interference pattern which is observed on a screen, D distance apart from the sources. The fringe width
is 2β. If the distance D is now doubled, then the fringe width will:
a) 4β
b) become β
c) remain the same
β
d) become  2

10. The charge on an electron was calculated by:

a) J.J. Thomson
b) Millikan
c) Einstein
d) Faraday
11. For conduction and valence bands in a good conductor, which of the following is correct?
a) both are very close
b) both are separated

Copyright © myCBSEguide.com. Mass distribution in any mode is strictly prohibited.

2 / 18
myCBSEguide
c) they just touch
d) they overlap
12. A concave mirror of focal length 15 cm forms an image having twice the linear dimensions of the object. The position of
the object when the image is virtual will be:
a) 22.5 cm
b) 30 cm
c) 45 cm
d) 7.5 cm
13. The de-Broglie wavelength of a tennis ball of mass 60 g moving with a velocity of 10 m s-1 is approximately: (Planck's
constant, h = 6.63 ×  10-34 J s)
a) 10-16 m
b) 10-33 m
c) 10-31 m
d) 10-25 m
14. A hollow conducting sphere is placed in an electric field produced by a point charge placed at P as shown in figure. Let
VA, VB, VC be the potentials at points A, B and C respectively. Then:

a) VA = VC 
b) VA > VB
c) VB > VC 
d) VC > VB 
o o

15. A mixture of yellow light of wavelength 3800 A and blue light of wavelength 4000 A is incident normally on air film of
0.00029 mm thickness. The colour of reflected light is:
a) violet
b) grey
c) red
d) blue
16. Assertion (A): Nuclei having mass number about 60 are most stable.

Reason (R): When two or more light nuclei are combined into a heavier nucleus, then the binding energy per nucleon
will increase.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.
17. Assertion (A): Only microwaves are used in radar.

Reason (R): Because microwaves have vary small wavelength.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.
18. Assertion (A): Soft iron is used as transformer core.

Reason (R): Soft iron has narrow hysteresis loop.

Copyright © myCBSEguide.com. Mass distribution in any mode is strictly prohibited.

3 / 18
myCBSEguide
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.
Section B
19. Name the type of bias that results in very high resistance of a p-n junction diode. In the given circuit, a voltmeter V is
connected across bulb B. What changes would occur in bulb B and voltmeter V, if the resistor R is increased in value?
Give reason for your answer.
20. What is the minimum energy that must he given to a H-atom in ground state so that it can emit an in Balmer series? If
the angular momentum of the system is conserved, what would be the angular momentum of such Hy photon?
21. Name the waves that are often referred to as 'heat waves'. Name the physical quantity that has (i) higher (ii) lower (iii)
same value for these Waves, as compared to X-rays.

OR

A plane electromagnetic wave of frequency 25 MHz travels in free space along the x-direction. At a particular point in
space and time, E = 6.3 ^j V/m. What is B at this point?
22. Explain the two processes involved in the formation of a p-n junction diode. Hence define the term barrier potential.
23. Figure shows some equipotential surfaces. What can you say about the magnitude and direction of the electric field?

OR

Two capacitors of capacitances 6μ F and 12 μ F are connected in series with a battery. The voltage across the 6 μ F
capacitor is 2 V. Compute the total battery voltage.
24. A neutron beam of energy E scatters from atoms on a surface with a spacing d = 0.1nm. The first maximum of intensity
in the reflected beam occurs at θ  = 30o. What is the kinetic energy E of the beam in eV?
25. Why is the density of nucleus more than that of the atom?
Section C
26. a. Using the Bohr's model, calculate the speed of the electron in a hydrogen atom in the n = 1, 2 and 3 levels.
b. Calculate the orbital period in each of these levels.
o o

27. A beam of light consisting of two wavelengths 6500A and 5200A, is used to obtain interference fringes in a Young's
double slit experiment.
o

i. Find the distance of the third bright fringe on the screen from the central maximum for wavelength 6500A.
ii. What is the least distance from the central maximum where the bright fringes due to both the wavelengths coincide?
The distance between the slits is 2 mm and the distance between the plane of the slits and the screen is 120 cm.
28. In Figure, shows planar loops of different shapes moving out of or into a region of a magnetic field which is directed
normal to the plane of the loop away from the reader. Determine the direction of induced current in each loop using

Copyright © myCBSEguide.com. Mass distribution in any mode is strictly prohibited.

4 / 18
myCBSEguide
Lenz’s law.

OR

A coil of number of turns N, area A, is rotated at a constant angular speed ω , in a uniform magnetic field B, and
connected to a resistor R.

Deduce expressions for: (i) maximum emf induced in the coil. (ii) power dissipation in the coil.
29. i. It is necessary to use satellites for long distance TV transmissions. Why?
ii. If the earth did not have an atmosphere, would its average surface temperature be higher or lower than what it is
now?
iii. Some scientists have predicted that a global nuclear war on the earth would be followed by a severe 'nuclear winter'
with a devastating effect on life on earth. What might be the basis of this prediction?

OR

i. Which segment of electromagnetic waves has the highest frequency? How are these waves produced? Give one use
of these waves.
ii. Which EM waves lie near the high-frequency end of visible part of EM spectrum? Give its one use. In what way, this
component of light has harmful effects on humans?
30. A domain in ferromagnetic iron is in the form of a cube of side length 1μ m. Estimate the number of iron atoms in the
domain and the maximum possible dipole moment and magnetization of the domain. The atomic mass of iron is 55
g/mole and its density is 7.9 g/cm3. Assume that each iron atom has a dipole moment of 9.27× 10-24 A m2.
Section D
31. i. State principle of superposition of charges. Hence, express the force on a charge q due to a discrete distribution of n
charges in terms of their position vectors.
ii. Two opposite corners of a square carry Q charge each and the other two opposite corners of the square carry q charge
each. If the resultant force on Q is zero, how are Q and q related?

OR

i. State Gauss' theorem in electrostatics. Using this theorem, derive the expression for the electric field intensity at any
point outside a uniformly charged thin spherical shell.
ii. The electric field in a region is radially outward and varies with distance r as

E = 250 r Vm-2

Calculate the charge contained in a sphere of radius 0.2 m centred at the origin.
32. i. Draw the labelled ray diagram for the formation of image by an astronomical telescope.
ii. Derive the expression for its magnifying power in normal adjustment. Write two basic features which can distinguish
between a telescope and a compound microscope.

Copyright © myCBSEguide.com. Mass distribution in any mode is strictly prohibited.

5 / 18
myCBSEguide
OR

a. Derive the expression for the angle of deviation for a ray of light passing through an equilateral prism of refracting
angle A.
b. A prism is found to give a minimum deviation of 51°. The same prism gives a deviation of 62°48' for two values of
the angles of incidence, namely, 46°6' and 82°42'. Determine the refractive angle of the prism and the refractive index
of its material.
To practice more questions & prepare well for exams, download myCBSEguide App. It provides complete study
material for CBSE, NCERT, JEE (main), NEET-UG and NDA exams. Teachers can use Examin8 App to create similar
papers with their own name and logo.
33. A heating coil is connected in series with a resistance R. The coil is dipped in a liquid of mass 2 kg and specific heat 0.5
cal g-1oC-1. A potential difference of 200 V is applied and the temperature of the liquid is found to increase by 60°C in
20 minutes. If R is removed, the same rise in temperature is reached in 15 minutes. Find the value of R.
Section E
34. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:

A charged particle moving in a magnetic field experiences a force that is proportional to the strength of the magnetic
field, the component of the velocity that is perpendicular to the magnetic field and the charge of the particle. 

This force is given by F ⃗ = q(v ⃗ × B⃗ ) where q is the electric charge of the particle, v is the instantaneous velocity of the
particle, and B is the magnetic field (in tesla). The direction of force is determined by the rules of cross product of two
vectors. Force is perpendicular to both velocity and magnetic field. Its direction is given as v ⃗ × B⃗  if q is positive and
opposite of v ⃗ × B⃗  if q is negative.

The force is always perpendicular to both the velocity of the particle and the magnetic field that created it. Because the
magnetic force is always perpendicular to the motion, the magnetic field can do no work on an isolated charge. It can
only do work indirectly, via the electric field generated by a changing magnetic field.
i. What kind of magnetic field is produced by an infinitely long current carrying conductor?
ii. What happens to a stationary electron placed in magnetic field ?
iii. What happens to the velocity of a proton projected with a uniform velocity v along the axis of a current-
carrying solenoid?
OR
What are the conditions under which a charged particle experiences magnetic force in a magnetic field?
35. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:

The power averaged over one full cycle of a.c. is known as average power. It is also known as true power.

V0 I0
Pav = Vrms Irmscos ϕ = 2
cos ϕ

Root mean square or simply rms watts refer to continuous power. A circuit containing a 80 mH inductor and a 60 μ F
capacitor in series is connected to a 230 V, 50 Hz supply. The resistance of the circuit is negligible.

i. What will be the value of the current amplitude?

ii. What will be the rms value of current?
iii. What will be the average power transferred to the inductor?
OR
What will be the average power transferred to the capacitor?

Copyright © myCBSEguide.com. Mass distribution in any mode is strictly prohibited.

6 / 18
myCBSEguide

Class 12 - Physics

Sample Paper - 01 (2022-23)

Solution

Section A
1. (c) phosphorus, antimony or arsenic

Explanation: phosphorus, antimony or arsenic

2. (a) 10

l1 d1 ρ
Explanation: Given that,  = =
1

ρ2
=
1
 and R1 = 10 Ω

l2 d2 2

2
ρl ρl 4ρl
We know that, the resistance of the wire, R =   [∵ A =

d
= = π( ) ]
2 2
A 2
d πd
π( )
2

4ρ l1
So, the resistance of the first wire is, R1 =   ...(i)

2
πd
1

4ρ l2
and the resistance of the second wire is, R2 =   ...(ii)

2
πd
2

On dividing eqn. (ii) by eqn. (i),

2
R2 ρ l2 d R2 2 R2

R1
=
ρ
2
× ×
1

2
 or  10
=
2

1
×
2

1
× (
1

2
)  or  10
 = 1 or R2 = 10
1 l1 d
2

3. (c) 5 cm

Explanation: Given that,

Here, f = -10 cm

For end A, uA = -20 cm

Image position vA of end A is given by,

 or 

1 1 1 1 1 1
+ = = +
vA (−20) (−10) vA −10 20

= − 1

20

uA = -20 cm

For end B, uB = -30 cm

Image position uB of end B is given by,

 or 

1 1 1 1 1 1
+ = = +
vB (−30) (−10) vB −10 30

= − 2

30

vB = -15 cm

Length of the image = |uA| - |uB|

= 20 - 15

= 5 cm

To practice more questions & prepare well for exams, download myCBSEguide App. It provides complete study
material for CBSE, NCERT, JEE (main), NEET-UG and NDA exams. Teachers can use Examin8 App to create similar
papers with their own name and logo.
4. (d) there will be more free electrons than holes in the semiconductor

Explanation: When a small amount of antimony (pentavalent) is added to germanium crystal, it becomes an n-type
semiconductor that has more electrons than holes.

Copyright © myCBSEguide.com. Mass distribution in any mode is strictly prohibited.

7 / 18
myCBSEguide
5. (d) the electric potential is zero

p
Explanation: At equatorial point, Ee =  1

4πε0 3

(directed from + q to - q) and Ve = 0

6. (a) I > IV > II > III

→
Explanation: U =  −M B = - MBcosθ

Here, M⃗  = magnetic moment of the loop

θ = angle between M⃗  and B⃗ 

U is maximum when θ =180o and minimum when θ = 0o. So, as θ decreases from 180o to 0o, its PE also decreases.
7. (a) volt sec A-1

Explanation: L = −  = Henry

e volt
=
di/dt amp/sec

8. (d) R =

me

2 3
8ϵ h c
0

Explanation: R =
me

2 3
8ϵ h c
0

9. (a) 4β

Explanation: 4β
10. (b) Millikan

Explanation: Charge on an electron was calculated by Millikan.

11. (d) they overlap

Explanation: Electrons of outer orbits are free to move in the crystal. So the valence and conduction band overlap.
12. (d) 7.5 cm

Explanation: f = 15 cm, m = 2

 size of the image 

m = 2 =   =   
v

u
 size of the object 

or v = 2u

For concave mirror,

1

15
=
1

f
=
1

u
−
1

v
=
1

u
−
1

2u
 

or 2u = 15 or u = 7.5 cm
13. (b) 10-33 m

Explanation: Here, h = 6.63 ×  10-34 J s; m = 60g = 60 ×  10-3 kg

and v = 10 ms-1

−34

Now, λ
h 6⋅63×10 −33
= = ≈ 10 m
mv −3
60×10 ×10

14. (a) VA = VC 

Explanation: The conducting sphere becomes an equipotential surface.

15. (d) blue

Explanation: blue
16. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

Explanation: Nuclei having mass number arouhd 60 have maximum binding energy per nucleon (≃ 8.7 MeV), so. they
are most stable.
17. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation: In a radar, a beam signal is needed in particular direction which is possible if wavelength of wave is very
small. Since the wavelength of microwaves is a few millimeter, hence they are used in radar.
18. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation: The core of a transformer undergoes cycles of magnetisation again and again. During each cycle of
magnetisation, energy numerically equal to the area of the hysteresis loop is spent per unit volume of the core. Therefore,

Copyright © myCBSEguide.com. Mass distribution in any mode is strictly prohibited.

8 / 18
myCBSEguide
for high efficiency of transformer, the energy loss will be lesser if the hysteresis loop is of lesser area, i.e. narrow. That's
why the soft iron is used as core, which has narrow hysteresis loop (or area of B-H curve is very small). Also soft
iron(ferromagnetic substance) has high permeability, high retentivity, low coercivity and low hysteresis loss.
Section B
19. The reverse biasing results in very high resistance across the p-n junction.

If the value of the resistance R is increased, the current in the forward-biased input circuit decreases. The emitter current
IE decreases and hence the collector current (IC = IE - IB) also decreases. The glowness of the bulb decreases. Due to the
decrease in IC, the potential drop across bulb B decreases, and hence the voltmeter shows a lower voltage.
20. H  in Balmer series corresponds to transition, n = 5 to n = 2. So the electron in ground state n = 1 must first be put in
γ

state n = 5.

Energy required = E1 - E5 = 13.6 - 0.54 = 13.06 eV

If angular momentum is conserved, angular momentum of photon

= Change in angular momentum of electron

5h 2h 3h
= L − L =5 − 2 =
2π 2π 2π

=3 × 1.06 × 10-34

=3.18 × 10-34 kg m2 s-1
21. Infrared waves are often referred to as heat waves. As compared to X-rays, these waves have:
i. higher wavelength,
ii. lower frequency, and
iii. same speed in free space.

OR

B =
E

6.3V/m
=
8
= 2.1 × 10
−8
T

3×10 m/s

To find the direction, we note that E is along y-direction and the wave propagates along x-axis. Therefore, B should be in
a direction perpendicular to both x- and y-axes. Using vector algebra, c = E ×  B should be along the x-direction.

Since, (+ ^j ) ×  (+ k
^
) = i , B is along the z-direction.E is along y direction and c is along x direction

Thus, B = 2.1 ×  10-8 k

^
T
22. Diffusion: It is the process of movement of majority charge carriers from their majority zone (i.e., electrons from n p and
holes from p → n) due to the electric field developed at the junction. Motion gives rise to diffusion current.

Drift: Process of movement of minority charge carriers (Le., holes from n → p and electrons from p → n) due to the
electric field developed at the junction.

Barrier potential: The loss of electrons from the n-region and gain of electrons by p-region causes a difference of
potential across the junction, whose polarity is such as to oppose and then stop the further flow of charge carriers. This
(stopping) potential is called Barrier potential.
23. As shown in Fig. consider two consecutive equipotential surfaces. The electric field is normal to the equipotential
surfaces and always directed from higher potential to lower potential.

Copyright © myCBSEguide.com. Mass distribution in any mode is strictly prohibited.

9 / 18
myCBSEguide

The normal distance between two consecutive equipotential surfaces is dr = AB = 10 cm × cos 60° = 5 cm 
[
AB

10 cm
= cos 60 ]
∘

Also dV = 10 - 20 = -10 V

∴ E = −
dV
= −
−10 V

−2
= 200Vm
−1

dr 5×10  m

Angle made by E⃗  with positive X-axis is

θ  = 180 - 60° = 120°

OR

Here, C1 = 6 μ F; C2 = 12 μ F; V1 = 2V

Therefore, charge on capacitor C1,

q1 = C1V1 = 6 ×  2 = 12 μ C

When two capacitors are connected in series to a battery, they acquire the same charge. Therefore, charge on the
capacitor C2 is 12 μ C and its potential,

q
V2 =
2

C2
=
12

12
= 1V

Hence, battery voltage,

V = V1 + V2

=2+1=3V
24. By Bragg’s law of diffraction, condition for nth maxima is

2d sin θ = nλ

n = 1 so λ  = 2dsinθ  [θ  = 30o (Given)]

= 2 ×  0.1 ×  10-9 sin 30o (∵  d = 0.1 nm)

−34

p =  h
=
6.6×10

−10
= 6.6 × 10
−2.4
 kg m/s

λ 10
2
2 2
p

1 2 1 m v
E = mv = =
2 2 m 2m
−24 24

 J

6.6×6.6×10 ×10
∴ E =
−27
2×1.6×10
−48 −18+46

=
6.6×6.6×10

−27 −19
eV =
66×66×10

2×16×16

2×1.6×10 ×1.6×10

E =
33×33

126
× 10
−2
 = 8.5 ×  10-2 = 0.085 eV
25. The size of nucleus is of the order of 10-14 m and it is made of protons and neutrons only.

On the other hand, size of atom is of the order of 10-10m. Whereas, the size of atom increases by a very large factor (104
times as large as the nucleus), its mass increases only by a small amount (additional mass is the mass of orbital electrons
only). For this reason, the density of nucleus is very large as compared to that of the atom.
Section C
26. a. Now, v = n
c
α ,

where α = 2πKe

ch
 = 0.0073

3×10 6
v1 = × 0.0073 = 2.19 × 10 m/s
1

Copyright © myCBSEguide.com. Mass distribution in any mode is strictly prohibited.

10 / 18
myCBSEguide
8

3×10 6
v2 = × 0.0073 = 1.095 × 10 m/s
3
8
3×10 5
v3 = × 0.0073 = 7.3 × 10 m/s
3

b. Orbital period, T =
2πr

As r 1 = 0.53 × 10
−10
m

−10

2π×0.53×10 −16
T1 = = 1.52 × 10 s
6
2.19×10

As r2 = 4 r1 and υ 2 =
1

2
υ1

T2 = 8 T1 = 8 × 1.52 × 10
−16
s = 1.216 × 10
−15
s

As r3 = 9r1 and υ 3 =
1

3
υ1

 
∴ T3 = 27 T1 = 27 × 1.52 × 10
−16
s = 4.1 × 10
−15
s

27. i. The distance of the mth bright fringe from the central maximum is given by

y
m
=
mλD

d
−10
3×(6500×10 )×1.20
∴ y3 =
3λD

d
=
−3

2×10

= 1.17 × 10  = 1.17 mm−3

m

ii. Let the nth bright fringe of wavelength λ  and the mth bright fringe of wavelength λ  coincide at a distance y from
n m

the central maximum, then

mλm D nλn D
y =
d
=
d

λm
or

m 6500 5
= = =
n λn 5200 4

The least integral value of m and n which satisfy the above condition are

m = 5 and n = 4

o o

i.e. the 5 th bright fringe of wavelength 5200A coincides with the 4th bright fringe of wavelength 6500A. The
smallest value of y at which this happens is:

−10
mλm D 5×(5200×10 )×1.20
ymin =
d
=
−3

2×10

= 1.56 × 10
−3
m   = 1.56 mm
28. i. The magnetic flux through the rectangular loop abcd increases, due to the motion of the loop into the region of a
magnetic field According to Lenz's law, this increase in flux is opposed by the induced current.   The induced current
must flow along the path bcdab so that it opposes the increasing flux.
ii. Due to the outward motion, magnetic flux through the triangular loop abc decreases due to which the induced current
flows along bacd, so as to oppose the change in flux.
iii. As the magnetic flux decreases due to motion of the irregularly shaped loop abcd out of the region of the magnetic
field, the induced current flows along cdabc, so as to oppose change in flux. Note that there is no induced current as
long as the loops are completely inside or outside the region of the magnetic field.

OR

i. Suppose initially the plane of coil is perpendicular to the magnetic field B. When coil rotates with angular speed ω,
then after time t, the angle between magnetic field vector B and normal to plane of coil is

θ = ωt

∴  At this instant magnetic flux linked with the coil ϕ = BAcosωt . If coil contains, N-turns, then emf induced in the

Copyright © myCBSEguide.com. Mass distribution in any mode is strictly prohibited.

11 / 18
myCBSEguide
coil.

If coil contains, N-turns, then emf induced in the coil

dϕ

d
ε = −N = −N (BA cos ωt)
dt dt

= +N BAω sin ωt

∴  For maximum value of emf ε ,

sin ωt = 1

∴  Maximum emf induced, ε max

= N BAω

ii. If R is resistance of coil, the current induced, I =

ε

∴  Instantaneous power dissipated,

ε ε
P = εI = ε ( ) =
R R

2 2 2 2 2

N B A ω sin ωt
=
R

but, (sin 2
ωt)
av
=
1

2
(Average power dissipated in a complete cycle is obtained by taking average value of sin2ωt
over a complete cycle which is 1

2
)

2 2 2 2

 Average power dissipated P

N B A ω
∴ av =
2R

29. i. TV waves have frequency range 47 MHz-940 MHz. These frequencies are not reflected by the ionosphere. As space
wave, they can cover a distance of 50-60 km only. Therefore, for long distance TV transmission, we make use of
satellites which reflect the TV signal back towards the earth.
ii. If the earth did not have an atmosphere, then its average surface temperature will be lesser than what it is now
because in that case, the greenhouse effect will be absent.
iii. The prediction is based on the assumption that the large dust clouds produced by global nuclear war would perhaps
cover substantial part by the global nuclear war would perhaps cover a substantial part of the sky and solar radiations
will not be able to reach the earth. It may cause a severe winter on the earth with a devastating effect on life on earth.

OR

i. Gamma(γ ) rays have the highest frequency (as these waves have the highest energy) in the electromagnetic waves.
These rays are of the nuclear origin and are produced during the disintegration of radioactive atomic nuclei and
during the decay of certain subatomic radioactive particles, associated with the decay of alpha(α) and beta(β) rays.
They are used in the treatment of cancer and tumors i.e. in radiotherapy/chemotherapy.
ii. Ultraviolet(UV) rays lie near the high-frequency end of visible part of EM spectrum. These rays are used to preserve
food stuff and in water purifiers to kill the germs for giving pure drinking water. The harmful effect from exposure to
ultraviolet (UV) radiation can be life-threatening and include premature ageing of the skin, suppression of the
immune systems, damage to the eyes and skin cancer.
30. The volume of the cubic domain is

V = (10-6 m)3 = 10-18 m3 = 10-12 cm3

Its mass is volume ×  density = 7.9 g cm-3 ×  10-12 cm = 7.9 ×  10-12g

It is given that Avagadro number (6.023 ×  1023) of iron atoms have a mass of 55 g. Hence, the number of atoms in the
domain is

−12 23

7.9×10 ×6.023×10
N =
55

= 8.65 ×  1010 atoms

The maximum possible dipole moment mmax is achieved for the (unrealistic) case when all the atomic moments are
perfectly aligned.

Thus,

mmax = (8.65 × 10
10
) × (9.27 × 10
−24
)

= 8.0 × 10
−13
Am
2

Copyright © myCBSEguide.com. Mass distribution in any mode is strictly prohibited.

12 / 18
myCBSEguide
The maximum intensity of magnetization is given by ;-

mmax
Mmax = 

Domain volume

= 8.0 ×  10-13 Am2/10-18 m3

= 8.0 ×  105 Am-1

Section D
31. i. The principle of superposition states that when a number of charges are interacting, the total force on a given charge
is the vector sum of the individual forces exerted on the given charge by all the other charges.

Suppose that the point charges q1, q2, q3, qn are located at points in space, whose position vectors are 
⃗  , r 2
r1 ⃗  , r 3
⃗  , … . r n
⃗   respectively. Let r^ 21 ,
^31 , … . . r
r ^n1  be unit vectors form charge q2 to q1, from q3 to q1 ,...... from
qn to q1 as shown in the given figure.

The force on charge q1 due to q2 is given by 

→ q q → →
F12 =
1

4πε0
⋅
1 2

3
( r1 − r2 )

∣ ⃗  ⃗ 
∣r 1 −r 2 ∣∣

Similarly, force on charge q1 due to q3

→
q1 q3 → →
F13 =
1

4πε0
⋅
→ → 3
( r1 − r3 )

| r1 − r3 |

q1 qn
and F⃗ 

1
1n = ⋅ ⃗  − r n
(r 1 ⃗  )
3
4πε0
∣r ⃗  −r ⃗  ∣
∣ 1 n∣

Therefore, total force on charge q1 due to all other charges is given by

q q → → q q → → q q → →
⃗ 
F1 =
1

4πε0
[
1 2

3
( r1 − r2 ) +
→
1

→ 3
3
( r1 − r3 )+ … +   1 n

3
( r1 − rn )]
∣r ⃗  −r ⃗  ∣ ∣r ⃗  −r ⃗  ∣
∣ 1 2∣ | r1 − r3 | ∣ 1 n∣

ii. Let each side of the square be of length a.

− −−− −− –
Then, AC = √a + a = √2a
2 2

It follows that the resultant force on the charge at point C can be zero, if charges at the points B and D are negative in
nature. Then, the forces FA, FB and FD will act on the charge Q at point C as shown in the given Fig.

So that the resultant force on the charge at point C is zero,

FB = FA cos 45o .....(i)

and FD = FA sin 45o .....(ii)

From the equation (i), we have

Copyright © myCBSEguide.com. Mass distribution in any mode is strictly prohibited.

13 / 18
myCBSEguide
(−q)×Q Q×Q

4πε0
1
⋅
2
=
4πε0
1
⋅
2
cos 45
∘

BC AC
q Q
or −

1
= ×
2 2
a (√2a ) √2

–
or Q =  −2√2q  

OR

i. Suppose that we have to calculate electric field at the point P at a distance r (r > R) from its centre.  The gaussian
surface is a spherical shell of radius r and centre O as shown in Figure.

→
Consider a small area element dS (shown shaded) around the point P. Then, the electric flux through area element
→
dS   is given by

→
⃗ 
dϕ = E ⋅ dS

→
Since E⃗ and dS  is along normal to the surface,

dϕ = EdS

Therefore, total electric flux through the gaussian surface is given by

ϕ = ∮ EdS = E ∮ dS

S S

Now, ∮ dS  = surface area of the spherical shell of radius r = 4πr

2

∴ ϕ = E × 4πr
2
 ...(i)

Since the charge enclosed by the gaussian surface is q, according to the Gauss' theorem,

q
ϕ =
ε0
 ....(ii)

From the equations (i) and (ii), we have

q
E × 4πr =
2

ε0
q
or E  (for r > R)

1
= ⋅
2
4πε0 r

In case, the charged spherical shell lies in a medium of dielectric constant K, the electric field at the point P is given
by
q

1
E = ⋅
2
4πε0 K r

 
ii. Here, E = 250 r Vm-2; radius of sphere, a = 0.2 m

Let Esurface be electric field at the surface of the sphere.

Then, Esurface = 250 a Vm-2 = 250 ×  0.2 = 50 Vm-2

Electric flux crossing through the sphere,

→ −
→
ϕ = ∮ E surface  ⋅ dS = Esurface  × 4πa
2

2 2 −1
ϕ = 50 × 4π × (0.2) Nm C

If q is charge contained in the sphere, then according to Gauss' theorem,

q
ϕ =
ε0

q = ε 0ϕ  = ε 0 × 50 × 4π × (0.2)

2

Copyright © myCBSEguide.com. Mass distribution in any mode is strictly prohibited.

14 / 18
myCBSEguide
= 4πε 0 × 50 × (0 ⋅ 2)
2

= 

1 2
× 50 × (0.2)
9
9×10

= 2.22 × 10-10 C
32. i. Astronomical Telescope: Magnifying power of astronomical telescope in normal adjustment is defined as the ratio of
the angle subtended at the eye by the final image to the angle subtended at the eye, by the object directly, when the
final image and the object both lie at infinite distance from the eye.

β
ii. Magnifying power, m = α
 ..........(1)

As angles α and β are small, therefore, α ≈ tan α and β ≈ tan β

From equation (1),

′ ′
tanβ
 ..........(2) In ΔA B E,  tan β =

′ ′ A B
m = ′
tanα EB
′ ′

In ΔA B O, tan α =

′ ′ A B
′
OB

Put in equation (2), we get,

′ ′ ′ ′

A B OB OB
m = ′
× ′
= ′
′
EB A B EB
f
or m = 0

−fe

Where OB' = f0 focal length of objective lens, EB' = -fe focal length of eye lens.

Negative sign of m indicates that final image is inverted.

The diameter of objective is kept large to increase (i) intensity of image, (ii) resolving power of telescope.
Telescope Compound Microscope

Objective lens is of large focal length and Both objective and eye lenses are of small focal length but focal length
eye lens is small focal length. of eye lens is larger than that of objective lens.

Objective is of very large aperature. Objective is of small aperture.

OR

a. Consider that a ray of light PQ is incident on the refracting face AB of the prism at point Q as shown in figure. When
light passes through a prism refraction takes place at both the surfaces of the prism.

In figure, i and e are the angle of incidence and emergence respectively. Angles r1 and r2 are angle of refraction at
both the surfaces of the prism. A is the angle of prism and δ  be the angle of deviation.

The rays PQ, QR and RS are called incident ray, refracted ray and emergent ray respectively. Produce SR backwards,
so as to meet the ray PQ at point T, when produced. Then, KTS = δ  is called the angle of deviation.

Since ∠  TQO = i and ∠ RQO = r1, we have

Copyright © myCBSEguide.com. Mass distribution in any mode is strictly prohibited.

15 / 18
myCBSEguide
∠ TQR = i - r1

Also, ∠ TRO = e and ∠ QRO = r2. Therefore,

∠ TRQ = e - r2

Now, in triangle TQR, the side QT has been produced outwards. Therefore,

δ  = ∠ TQR + ∠ TRQ = (i - r1) + (e - r2)

or δ  = (i + e) - (r1 + r2) ....(i)

In triangle QRO, the sum of the angles is 180o. Therefore,

r1 + r2 + ∠ QOR = 180o ...(ii)

In quadrilateral AQOR, each of the angles AQO and ARO is 90o. Since the sum of the four angles of a quadrilateral
is four angles, the sum of the remaining two angles should be 180o i.e.

A + ∠ QOR = 180o ....(iii)

From the equation (ii) and (iii), we have

r1 + r2 = A ...(iv)

In the equation (i), substituting for (r1 + r2) we have

δ = (i + e) - A 

or A + δ  = i + e

Hence, δ = (i + e) − A

b. The incident ray is deviated through δ ∘

= 62 48
′
 when angle i = 40o6'. From the principle of reversibility of light, it
is clear from the figure that the emergent ray (for which angle e = 82o42') is also deviated through the same angle δ .
Now,

δ = (i + e) − A

or A = (i + e) − δ

∘ ′
= 40 6 + 82 42 − 62 48
∘ ′ ∘ ′

or A = 60°

which is the refractive angle of the prism.

For minimum deviation, i = e

Hence, δ min = 2i − A

δmin +A
or i = (
2
)

∘ ∘
(51 +60 )
=
2
= 55 30
∘ ′

which is the angle of incidence at minimum deviation? The refractive index of the material of the prism is given by

(δ +A)
min
sin

2
μ =
A
sin
2
∘ ∘
51 +60
sin( )

or μ =  

∘
60
sin
2

or μ = 1.648

Copyright © myCBSEguide.com. Mass distribution in any mode is strictly prohibited.

16 / 18
myCBSEguide
To practice more questions & prepare well for exams, download myCBSEguide App. It provides complete study
material for CBSE, NCERT, JEE (main), NEET-UG and NDA exams. Teachers can use Examin8 App to create similar
papers with their own name and logo.
33. Here m = 2 kg = 2000 g, c = 0.5 cal g-1 °C-1, θ  = 60°C, t1 = 20 min, t2 = 15 m, R = ?

∴  Heat gained by liquid

H = mc θ  = 2000 ×  0.5 ×  60 = 6 ×  104 cal

= 6 ×  104 ×  4.2 J = 2.52 ×  105 J

Let r be the resistance of the heating coil. In the first case, the resistance R is in the circuit.

 Current, I = 

V
∴
R + r
2

Heat dissipated in time t1, H1 = (

V
) r t1
R + r

In the second case, the resistance R is removed.

 Current, I = 

V
∴
r
2 2
V t2
Heat dissipated in time t2, H2 = (

V
) r t2 =
r r

As the liquid is raised to same temperature in both cases, so

H = H1 = H2

2 2

or (

V V
) r t1 = ( ) r t2
R+r r

2
t2
or 

r 15 3
= = =
2
t1 20 4
(R + r)

√3 R + r
or   or 

r 2
= =
R + r 2 r √3

or  R

r
+ 1 =
2

√3

or   = 1.155 - 1 = 0.155

or r =  R

0.155

As H = H2
2
(200)  × 15 × 60 × 0.155
∴ 2.52 × 10
5
=
R

or R = 
4 ×  10  × 15 × 60 × 0.155
= 22.14Ω
5
2.52 × 10

Section E
34. i. Magnetic field lines are concentric circular loops in a plane perpendicular to the straight conductor. The centres
of the circular magnetic field lines lie on the conductor.
ii. remains stationary

For stationary electron, v =

⃗  0

∴  Force on the electron is, F ⃗  m

⃗ 
= −e( v ⃗ × B)  = 0
iii. the proton will continue to move with velocity v along the axis

Force on the proton, F ⃗  B

⃗ 
= e( v ⃗ × B)

Since, v is
⃗  parallel to B⃗ 

⃗ 
∴ FB = 0

Hence proton will continue to move with velocity v along the axis of solenoid.

OR

The particle is moving and magnetic field is perpendicular to the velocity.

Magnetic force on the charged particle q is 

⃗  ⃗ 
F m = q( v ⃗ × B)  or Fm = qv B sinθ  

where θ  is the angle between v and 

⃗  B.

⃗ 

Copyright © myCBSEguide.com. Mass distribution in any mode is strictly prohibited.

17 / 18
myCBSEguide
Out of the given cases, only in case (b) it will experience the force while in other cases it will experience no
force.
35. i. Inductance, L = 80 mH = 80 ×  10-3 H

Capacitance, C = 60 μ F = 60 ×  10-6 F, V = 230 V

Frequency, ν  = 50 Hz

ω = 2πν = 100π  rad s-1 

– –
Peak voltage, V0 = V √2 = 230√2 V

V0
Maximum current is given by, I0 =  1

(ωL− )
ωC

230√2
I0 =   

1
−3
(100π×80×10 − )
−6
100π ×60×10

230√2
I0 =  1000
 = -11.63 A
(8π− )
6π

Amplitude of maximum current, I0 = 11.63 A

I0
ii. rms value of current, I =  =
−11.63
 = -8.23 A

√2 √2

Negative sign appears as ωL <

1

ωC

iii. Average power consumed by the inductor is zero because of phase difference of between voltage and current
π

through inductor.

OR

Average power consumed by the capacitor is zero because of phase difference of between voltage and current
π

through capacitor.

Copyright © myCBSEguide.com. Mass distribution in any mode is strictly prohibited.

18 / 18