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Class 12 - Physics
Sample Paper - 05 (2023-24)

Maximum Marks: 70
Time Allowed: : 3 hours

General Instructions:

1. There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.

2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
3. All the sections are compulsory.
4. Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based of 1 mark each, Section B contains
five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven questions of three marks each, Section D contains two case
study based questions of four marks each and Section E contains three long answer questions of five marks each.
5. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question in Section B, one question in
Section C, one question in each CBQ in Section D and all three questions in Section E. You have to attempt only one of the
choices in such questions.
6. Use of calculators is not allowed.

Section A
1. In germanium crystal, the forbidden energy gap in joule is
a) 1.6 × 10-19
b) 1.76 × 10-19
c) zero
d) 1.12 × 10-19
2. How many coulombs of electricity must pass through acidulated water to liberate 22.4 litres of hydrogen at N.T.P.?
a) 19300 C
b) 1.6 × 10 C −19

c) 96500 C
d) 193000 C
3. The phenomena involved in the reflection of radiowaves by ionosphere is similar to
a) total internal reflection of light in the air during a mirage
b) dispersion of light by water molecules during the formation of a rainbow
c) scattering of light by the particles of air
d) reflection of light by a plane mirror
χ
4. The susceptibility of a paramagnetic material is χ at 27° C. At what temperature will its susceptibility be ?
2

a) 54° C
b) 327° C
c) 237° C
d) 1600° C
5. The work done in carrying a charge Q once round a circle of radius r with charge q at the centre of the circle is
Q
a) 1

4πε0
⋅
r

Q⋅q
b) 2r
Q⋅q
c) 4πε0 r

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d) zero
6. Biot-Savart law indicates that the moving electrons (velocity v) produce a magnetic field B such that
a) B ⊥ v
b) B ∥ v
c) it obeys inverse cube law
d) it is along the line joining the electron and point of observation
7. The self inductance L of a solenoid of length l and area of crosssection A, with a fixed number of turns N increases as
a) l increases and A decreases
b) l decreases and A increases
c) Both l and A decrease
d) l and A increase
8. The main use of studying a hysteresis curve for a given material is to estimate the
a) voltage loss
b) hysteresis loss
c) current loss
d) power loss
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9. Phenomenon of bending of waves around corners of obstacle without a change in medium is called ________.
a) diffraction
b) interference
c) reflection
d) refraction
10. According to superposition of electric fields, the electric field of any combination of charges is the
a) vector sum of the fields caused by the individual charges
b) cross product of the individual fields
c) vector sum of the individual charges
d) scalar sum of the fields caused by the individual charges
11. In the following figures, which one of the diodes is reverse biased?

a)

b)

c)

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d)

12. Which of the following principle is used in optical fibre?

a) Total internal reflection
b) Scattering
c) Interference
d) Diffraction
13. Assertion (A): The de Broglie equation has significance for any microscopic or sub-microscopic particle.
Reason (R): The de Broglie wavelength is inversely proportional to the mass of the object if velocity is constant.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.
14. Assertion: When a charged capacitor is filled completely with a metallic slab, its capacity becomes very large.
Reason: The dielectric constant for metals is infinity.
a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
15. Assertion (A): In Young’s double-slit experiment if wavelength of incident monochromatic light is just doubled, number
of bright fringe on the screen will increase.
Reason (R): Maximum number of bright fringe on the screen is inversely proportional to the wavelength of light used.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.
16. Assertion: By only knowing the power factor for a given L-C-R circuit, it is not possible to tell whether the applied
alternating voltage leads or lags the current.
Reason: For certain value of cos θ (power factor) two values of θ are possible as cos (-θ ) = cos θ .
a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
Section B
17. Why is the amount of the momentum transferred by the e.m. waves incident on the surface so small?
18. Three identical bar magnets are riveted together at centre in the same plane as shown in Figure. This system is placed at
rest in a slowly varying magnetic field. It is found that the system of magnets does not show any motion. The north-
south poles of one magnet is shown in the Figure. Determine the poles of the remaining two.

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19. Two semiconductor materials X and Y shown in the given figure, are made by doping germanium crystal with arsenic
and indium respectively. The two are joined end to end and connected to a battery as shown.

i. Will the junction be forward biased or reverse biased?

ii. Sketch a V - I graph for this arrangement.
20. An α-particle moving with initial kinetic energy K towards a nucleus of atomic number Z approaches a distance d at
which it reverses its direction. Obtain the expression for the distance of closest approach d in terms of the kinetic energy
of α-particle K.
21. A galvanometer has a resistance of 100 ohm. A resistance of one ohm is connected across its terminals. What part of the
total current flows through the galvanometer? Draw the necessary circuit diagram.

OR

Two parallel coaxial circular coils of equal radius 'R' and equal number of turns 'N', carry equal currents 'I' in the same
direction and are separated by a distance '2R'. Find the magnitude and direction of the net magnetic field produced at the
midpoint of the line joining their centres.
Section C
22. A metal wire of diameter 2 mm and length 100 m has a resistance of 0.5475 Ω at 20°C and 0.805 Ω at 150°C. Find:
i. the temperature coefficient of resistance
ii. resistance at 0°C
iii. resistivities at 0° and 20°C
23. a. Name the type of a diode whose characteristics are shown in Fig. (a) and Fig. (b).

b. What does the point P in Fig. (a) represent?

c. What does the points P and Q in Fig. (b) represent?
24. What is the de Broglie wavelength of
a. a bullet of mass 0.040 kg travelling at the speed of 1.0 km/s,
b. a ball of mass 0.060 kg moving at a speed of 1.0 m/s, and
c. a dust particle of mass 1.0 × 10-9 kg drifting with a speed of 2.2 m/s?
25. i. State the law of radioactive decay. Write the SI unit of activity.
–
ii. There are 4√2 × 10 radioactive nuclei in a given radioactive sample. If the half-life of the sample is 20s, how
6

many nuclei will decay in 10s?

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26. Using Bohr’s postulates derive the expression for the frequency of radiation emitted when electron in hydrogen atom
undergoes transition from higher energy state (quantum number ni) to the lower state, (nf). When electron in hydrogen
atom jumps from energy state ni = 4 to nf = 3, 2, 1, identify the spectral series to which the emission lines belong.
27. In Young's double slit experiment, monochromatic light of wavelength 630 nm illuminates the pair of slits and produces
an interference pattern in which two consecutive bright fringes are separated by 8.1 mm. Another source of
monochromatic light produces the interference pattern in which the two consecutive bright fringes are separated by 7.2
mm. Find the wavelength of light from the second source. What is the effect on the interference fringes, when the
monochromatic source is replaced by a source of white light?
28. In Figure, shows planar loops of different shapes moving out of or into a region of a magnetic field which is directed
normal to the plane of the loop away from the reader. Determine the direction of induced current in each loop using
Lenz’s law.

OR

A rectangular conductor LMNO is placed in a uniform magnetic field of 0.5 T. The field is directed perpendicular to the
plane of the conductor.

When the arm M N of length of 20 cm is moved towards left with a velocity of 10 ms-1, calculate the emf induced in the
arm. Given the resistance of the arm to be 5 Ω (assuming that other arms are of negligible resistance) find the value of
the current in the arm.
Section D
29. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
In an electromagnetic wave both the electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular to the direction of propagation, that is
why electromagnetic waves are transverse in nature. Electromagnetic waves carry energy as they travel through space
and this energy is shared equally by the electric and magnetic fields. Energy density of an electromagnetic waves is the
energy in unit volume of the space through which the wave travels.

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i. The electromagnetic waves propagated perpendicular to both E⃗ and B⃗ . The electromagnetic waves travel in the
direction of
a) E⃗ ⋅ B⃗
b) B⃗ ⋅ E⃗
c) E⃗ × B⃗
d) B⃗ × E⃗
ii. Fundamental particle in an electromagnetic wave is
a) photon
b) phonon
c) electron
d) proton
iii. Electromagnetic waves are transverse in nature is evident by
a) diffraction
b) interference
c) polarisation
d) reflection

OR

The electric and magnetic fields of an electromagnetic waves are

a) in opposite phase and parallel to each other
b) in phase and parallel to each other.
c) in phase and perpendicular to each other
d) in opposite phase and perpendicular to each other
iv. For a wave propagating in a medium, Name the property that is independent of the others.
a) frequency
b) wavelength
c) velocity
d) all these depend on each other
30. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
In 1909, Robert Millikan was the first to find the charge of an electron in his now-famous oil-drop experiment. In that
experiment, tiny oil drops were sprayed into a uniform electric field between a horizontal pair of oppositely charged
plates. The drops were observed with a magnifying eyepiece, and the electric field was adjusted so that the upward force
on some negatively charged oil drops was just sufficient to balance the downward force of gravity. That is, when
suspended, upward force qE just equaled Mg. Millikan accurately measured the charges on many oil drops and found the
values to be whole number multiples of 1.6 × 10-19 C the charge of the electron. For this, he won the Nobel prize.

i. If a drop of mass 1.08 × 10-14 kg remains stationary in an electric field of 1.68 × 105 NC-1, then the charge of
this drop is

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a) 6.40 × 10-19 C
b) 4.8 × 10-19 C
c) 3.2 × 10-19 C
d) 1.6 × 10-19 C
ii. Extra electrons on this particular oil drop (given the presently known charge of the electron) are
a) 4
b) 5
c) 8
d) 3
iii. A negatively charged oil drop is prevented from falling under gravity by applying a vertical electric field 100
V m-1. If the mass of the drop is 1.6 × 10-3 g, the number of electrons carried by the drop is (g = 10 ms-2)
a) 109
b) 1018
c) 1012
d) 1015
iv. The important conclusion given by Millikan's experiment about the charge is
a) charge has no definite value
b) charge is quantized
c) charge is never quantized
d) charge on oil drop always increases

OR

If in Millikan's oil drop experiment, charges on drops are found to be 8μC, 12μC, 20μC , then quanta of charge
is
a) 20μ C
b) 12μ C
c) 8μ C
d) 4μ C
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Section E
31. a. Draw the ray diagram showing the refraction of light through a glass prism and hence obtain the relation between the
refractive index μ of the prism, angle of prism and angle of minimum deviation.
b. Determine the value of the angle of incidence for a ray of light travelling from a medium of refractive index
–
μ = √2 into the medium of refractive index μ = 1, so that it just grazes along the surface of separation.
1 2

OR

When a plane wavefront, of light, of wavelength λ , is incident on a narrow slit, an intensity distribution pattern, of the
form shown, is observed
on a screen, suitably kept behind the slit. Name the phenomenon observed.

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i. Obtain the conditions for the formation of central maxima and secondary maxima and the minima.
ii. Why is there significant fall in intensity of the secondary maxima compared to the central maxima, whereas in double
slit experiment all the bright fringes are of the same intensity?
iii. When the width of the slit is made double the original width, how is the size of the central band affected?
32. A parallel plate capacitor is charged by a battery. After some time the battery is disconnected and a dielectric slab with
its thickness equal to the plate separation is inserted between the plates. What change, in any will take place in
i. charge on the plates
ii. electric field intensity between the plates
iii. the capacitance of the capacitor,
iv. a potential difference between the plates and
v. the energy stored in the capacitor? Justify your answer in each case.

OR

Define electric potential at a point. Derive an expression for the potential at a point due to a point charge.
33. i. Draw a labelled diagram of a step-up transformer. Obtain the ratio of secondary to primary voltage in terms of the
number of turns and currents in the two coils.
ii. A power transmission line feeds input power at 2200 V to a step-down transformer with its primary windings having
3000 turns. Find the number of turns in the secondary to get the power output at 220 V.

OR

An LC circuit contains a 20 mH inductor and a 50μF capacitor with an initial charge of 10 mC. The resistance of the
circuit is negligible. Let the instant the circuit is closed be t = 0.
a. What is the total energy stored initially? Is it conserved during LC oscillations?
b. What is the natural frequency of the circuit?
c. At what time is the energy stored
i. completely electrical (i.e. stored in the capacitor)?
ii. completely magnetic (i.e. stored in the inductor)?
d. At what times is the total energy shared equally between the inductor and the capacitor?
e. If a resistor is inserted in the circuit, how much energy is eventually dissipated as heat?

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Class 12 - Physics
Sample Paper - 05 (2023-24)

Solution

Section A
1. (d) 1.12 × 10-19
Explanation: For a germanium crystal,
Eg = 0.7 eV = 0.7 × 1.6 × 10-19 J

= 1.12 × 10-19 J
2. (a) 19300 C
Explanation: Reduction equation taking place at the cathode is as follow:
+ −
2H + 2e → H2 (g)

It implies that 2 moles of electrons are required to produce 1 mole (= 22.4 liters) of Hydrogen. Hence,
1 mole of electron is = 1 Faraday
and 1 Faraday = 96500 Coulombs of charge
∴ 2 moles of electrons = 19300 Coulombs of charge.

3. (a) total internal reflection of light in the air during a mirage

Explanation: The ionosphere is transparent optical medium and radio wave is reflected back. Reflection through the
transparent surface is total internal reflection so that internal reflection of radio waves takes place.
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4. (b) 327° C
χ T2
Explanation: χ
2
=
T1
1
χ χ
T2 = χ
1
⋅ T1 = χ/2
(273 + 27)K = 600 K = 327° C
2

5. (d) zero
Explanation: The potential at every point of the circle will be same.
∴ W = qΔV = q × 0 = 0

6. (a) B ⊥ v
Explanation: The Biot-Savart law states how the value of the magnetic field at a specific point in space from one short
segment of current-carrying conductor depends on each factor that influences the field. The magnitude of B⃗ is
B ∝ |q|; B ∝ v ;B∝ sin ϕ, B ∝
1

2
r
|q|v sin ϕ
B ∝
2
r
μ |q|v sin ϕ
0
B =
4π r
2

μ
where is a proportionality constant, 'r' is the magnitude of position vector from charge to that point at which we have
0

4π

to find the magnetic field and ϕ is the angle between v ⃗ and r .⃗

μ ⃗ r)
|q|(v × ⃗
or B⃗ = 0

3
^
n
4π |r |

Where n
^ is the direction of B which is in the direction of cross product of v ⃗ and r .⃗ Or we can say that B ⊥ to both
⃗ ⃗

and r .⃗
v⃗

where is a proportionality constant, V' is the magnitude of position vector from charge to that point at which we have to
find the magnetic field and <f) is the angle between v and F.

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Where h is the direction of B which is in the direction of cross product of v and F. Or we can say that B⃗ ⊥ to both and v
and F.
7. (b) l decreases and A increases
Explanation: L= self-inductance, A = area of cross-section.
2

As we know, L = μr μ0
N
Al
ll
2
N A
L = μr μ0
l

as L is constant for a coil

L ∝ A and L ∝ 1

As, μ and N are constant here so, to increase L for a coil, area A must be increased and l must be decreased.
r

8. (b) hysteresis loss

Explanation: The area of hysteresis loop gives an idea of hysteresis loss of the magnetic material.
9. (a) diffraction
Explanation: The phenomenon of bending of waves around corners of obstacle without a change in medium is known
as diffraction.
10. (a) vector sum of the fields caused by the individual charges
Explanation: When several electric fields are working on single charge then the total electric field intensity on that
charge is given by the vector sum of all electric field intensities E⃗ = ⃗ ⃗ ⃗
E1 + E2 + E3 + …

11. (c)

Explanation: The p-n junction is said to be reverse biased, when the positive terminal of the external battery in the
circuit is connected to n-section and the negative terminal to p-section of the junction diode.

12. (a) Total internal reflection

Explanation: Total internal reflection principle is used in optical fibre.
13. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: λ = h

mv

For constant v, λ ∝
1

λ is significantly measurable only in case of microscopic or sub-microscopic particles.

14. (d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
Explanation: Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
15. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
16. (a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
Explanation: Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
Section B
17. The momentum transported by electromagnetic waves is given by
U hν
p = =
c c

where U is the energy transported by electromagnetic waves in a given time and c is speed of electromagnetic waves in
free space.
Now, h = 6.62 × 10-34 Js, c = 3 × 108 ms-1
Therefore, even for γ -rays (ν ≈ 1020 Hz),
−34 20

p=
6⋅62×10 ×10

8
3×10

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= 2.2 × 10-22 kg ms-1

Thus, the amount of the momentum transferred by the e.m. waves incident on a surface is very small.
18. The poles must be symmetric to each other or a magnet. It is possible only when the poles of the remaining two magnets
are in a given figure

The north pole of magnet (1) is equally attracted by south poles of (2) and (3) magnets placed at equal distance.
Similarly, one pole of anyone magnet is attracted by opposite poles of other two magnets so resultant force or moment of
each magnet is zero and will not be in motion placed on the table.
19. i. X is a n-type semiconductor and Y is an p-type semiconductor. So the junction is reverse biased.
ii. The V-I graph for a reverse biased junction is given below:

20. When alpha particle approaches Nucleus,Kinetic energy of alpha particle will be converted into potential energy of the
system.
Kinetic energy of α-particle is given as,
1 2e.Ze
K =
4πε0 d

where d is the distance of closest approach.

2

Or d =
2Ze

4πε0 K

This is the required expression for the distance of closest approach d in terms of kinetic energy K.
21. Here, G = 100Ω , S = 1Ω
Let I be the total current in the circuit and the part Ig flow through the galvanometer as shown in figure.

Then, Ig × G = (I - Ig) × S
or Ig(G + S) = IS
Ig
or
S 1 1
= = =
I G+S 100+1 101

OR

Magnetic field at the midpoint due to loop 1,

2
μ iR
acting towards right
0
B1 =
3

2 2
2( R +R ) 2

Magnetic field at the mid point due to loop 2,

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2
μ iR
acting towards right
0
B2 =
3

2 2
2( R +R ) 2

Total magnetic field at the mid point,

B = B1 + B2
2
μ iR
0
B =
3

2
(2R ) 2

which is acting towards right.

Section C
22. Here r = 1 mm = 10-3m, l = 100m, t1 = 20°C, R1 = 0.5475 Ω , t2 = 150°C, R2 = 0.805 Ω
R2 − R1
i. α =
0.805 − 0.5475
=
R1 (t2 − t1 ) 0.5475(150 − 20)

= 3.6 × 10-3 oC-1

R1
ii. R0 =
0.5475 0.5475
= =
−3
1 + αt1 1 + 3.6 × 10 × 20 1.072

= 0.5107 Ω
2
−3
2
R0 A R0 × π r 0.5107 × 3.14 ×( 10 )
iii. ρ
0 =
l
=
l
=
100

= 1.60 × 10-8 Ω m.
Resistivity at 20° C is
ρ20 = ρ (1 + αt)
0

= 1.60 × 10-8 (1 + 3.6 × 10-3 × 20) = 1.60 × 10-8 × 1.072

= 1.72 × 10-8 Ω m
23. a. Diode in figure (a) is Zener diode figure (b) shows solar cell.
b. Zener breakdown voltage is represented by point P in figure (a).
c. In figure (b), Q represents zero voltage and negative current(short circuit current). It means that light energy falling
on a solar cell with at least minimum threshold frequency gives the current in the opposite direction to that due to a
battery connected to solar cell. But for point P the battery is short-circuited and hence represents the short-circuited
current.
In figure (b), Point P represents some positive voltage on the solar cells with zero current through the solar cell.(open
circuit voltage)
So there is battery connected to a solar cell which gives rise to the equal and opposite current to that in solar cell by
virtue of light falling on it.
As current is zero for point P, hence we say P represents open-circuit voltage.
24. a. Mass of the bullet, m = 0.040 kg
Velocity with which the bullet is travelling, v = 1 kms-1 = 103 ms-1
using the formula of momentum,
p = mv
3
= 0.040 × 10

= 40 kg ms-1
∴ De-broglie wavelength of bullet is given by :-
h
λ =
p
−34
6.62×10
=
40
−35
= 1.7 × 10 m

b. Mass of the ball, m = 0.060 kg

Velocity with which the balls is moving, v = 1.0 ms-1
Momentum of the particle, p = mv = 0.060 kg ms -1

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Therefore,
h
λ =
p
−34

De-broglie wavelength of the ball is given by =

6.62×10

0.060

−32
= 1.1 × 10 m

c. Mass of the dust particle, m = 1.0 × 10

−9
kg

Velocity of the particle, v = 2.2 m/s

Momentum of the particle, p = mv = 2.2 × 10-9 kg ms-1
Therefore,
−34

De-broglie wavelength, λ =
h

p
=
6.62×10

−9
2.2×10
−25
= 3 × 10 m

25. i. Rate of decay of a given radioactive sample is directly proportional to the total number of undecayed nuclei present
in the sample.
S.I. Unit = becquerel (Bq)
–
ii. Here, number of nuclei in the given sample N0 = 4√2 × 10 6

T = 20s, t = 10s
t/T 10/20 1/2
form N0
N
=( 1

2
) =( 1

2
) =( 1

2
) = 1

√2

N0 4√2
N= = × 10
6
= 4 × 10 6

√2 √2

Number of nuclei decayed = N0 - N

–
= 4√2 × 10 6
− 4 × 10
6

–
= 4 × 10 6
( √2 − 1)

= 4 × 0.414 × 10 = 1.656 × 106 6

26. According to Bohr’s frequency condition, if an electron jumps from an energy level Ei to Ef, then the frequency of the
emitted radiation is given by
hν = Ei − Ef ...(i)
Let ni and nf be the corresponding orbits, then
2 4 2

Ei = −
2π me k

2 2
n h
i

2 4 2

and Ef = −
2π me k

2 2
n h
f

Substituting in equation (i), we have

2 4 2 2 4 2

=−
2π me k 2π me k
hν − (− )
2 2 2 2
n h n h
i f

2 4 2

= 2π me k

2
(
1

2
−
1

2
)
h n n
f i

Rewriting the above equation, we have

2 4 2

=
2π me k 1 1
ν ( − )
3 2 2
h n n
f i

This gives the frequency of the emitted radiation.

When ni = 4 and nf = 3, Paschen series
When ni = 4 and nf = 2, Balmer series
When ni = 4 and nf = 1, Lyman series
27. Here, we are given young's double slit experiment.
Wavelength of monochromatic light, λ 1 = 630nm = 630 × 10
−9
m

Fringe width, β 1 = 8.1 × 10

−3
m

Fringe width, β 2 = 7.2 × 10

−3
m

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Let d be the slit width and D the distance between slit and screen, then we have
β = Dλ/d

For given Young's double slit experiment, D and d are constants

β λ1
1
⇒ =
β2 λ2

Wavelength of light from the second source

−3
β2 7.2×10 −9
⇒ λ2 = × λ1 = × 630 × 10
−3
β1 8.1×10
8 −9 −9
= × 630 × 10 = 560 × 10 m
9

λ2 = 560nm

The coloured fringe pattern would be obtained if monochromatic light is replaced by white light. Because if the
monochromatic source is replaced by white light, then we will not be able to see the interference fringes because white
light is not a coherent source of light.
28. i. The magnetic flux through the rectangular loop abcd increases, due to the motion of the loop into the region of a
magnetic field According to Lenz's law, this increase in flux is opposed by the induced current. The induced current
must flow along the path bcdab so that it opposes the increasing flux.
ii. Due to the outward motion, magnetic flux through the triangular loop abc decreases due to which the induced current
flows along bacd, so as to oppose the change in flux.
iii. As the magnetic flux decreases due to motion of the irregularly shaped loop abcd out of the region of the magnetic
field, the induced current flows along cdabc, so as to oppose change in flux. Note that there is no induced current as
long as the loops are completely inside or outside the region of the magnetic field.

OR

Let ON be at some point x. magnetic field B= 0.5 T and length of the arm is L=20 cm =0.2 m
The emf induced in the loop = ε
−dϕ −d(Blx)
ε = dt
= dt
= Blv
= 0.5 × 0.2 × 10 = 1 V
∴ Current in the arm,

I= = = 0.2 A
ε 1

R 5

Section D
29. i. (c) ⃗
E × B
⃗

Explanation: Electromagnetic waves propagate in the direction of E

​ ⃗ × B⃗ .
ii. (a) photon
Explanation: Photon is the fundamental particle in an electromagnetic wave.
iii. (c) polarisation
Explanation: Polarisation establishes the wave nature of electromagnetic waves.

OR

(c) in phase and perpendicular to each other

Explanation: The electric and magnetic fields of an electromagnetic wave are in phase and perpendicular to
each other.
iv. (a) frequency
Explanation: Frequency ν remains unchanged when a wave propagates from one medium to another. Both
wavelength and velocity get changed.
30. i. (a) 6.40 × 10-19 C
= 6.4 × 10-19 C
−14

Explanation: As, qE = mg ⇒ q =
1.08×10 ×9.8

5
1.68×10

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ii. (a) 4
−19

Explanation: q = ne or ⇒ n = =4
6.4×10

−19
1.6×10

iii. (c) 1012

Explanation: For the drop to be stationary,
Force on the drop due to electric field = Weight of the drop
qE = mg
= 1.6 × 10-7 C
−6
mg
q= =
1.6×10 ×10

E 100

Number of electrons carried by the drop is

= 1012
−7
q
n=
1.6×10 C
=
e −19
1.6×10 C

iv. (b) charge is quantized

Explanation: charge is quantized

OR

(d) 4μ C
Explanation: Millikan's experiment confirmed that the charges are quantized, i.e., charges are small integer
multiples of the base value which is charge on electron. The charges on the drops are found to be multiple of 4.
Hence, the quanta of charge is 4 μ C.
Section E
31. a. The figure below shows the passage of light through a triangular prism ABC.

The angles of incidence and refraction at first face AB are ∠i and ∠r 1

The angles of incidence at the second face AC is ∠r and the angle of emergence ∠e
2

δ is the angle between the emergent ray RS and incident ray PQ and is called the angle of deviation.

Here, ∠ PQN = i, ∠ SRN' = e, ∠ RQO = r1, ∠ QRO = r2, ∠ KTS = δ

∵ ∠ TQO = i and ∠ RQO = r1, we have
∠ TQR = i - r1
∠ TRO = e and ∠ QRO = r2
∠ TRQ = e - r2
In triangle TQR, the side QT has been produced outwards. Therefore, the exterior angle δ should be equal to the
sum of the interior opposite angles.
i.e., δ = ∠ TQR + ∠ TRQ = (i - r1) + (e - r2)
δ = (i + e) - (r1 + r2) ...(i)
In triangle QRO,
r1 + r2 + ∠ ROQ = 180o ...(ii)

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From quadrilateral AROQ, we have the sum of angles (∠ AQO + ∠ ARO = 180o) This means that the sum of the
remaining two angles should be 180o.
i.e., ∠ A + ∠ QOR = 180o [∠ A is called the angle of prism]
From equations (i) and (ii),
r1 + r2 = A ...(iii)
Substituting (iii) in (i), we obtain,
δ = (i + e) - A
A+δ=i+e

If the angle of incidence is increased gradually, then the angle of deviation first decreases, attains a minimum value
( δm ) , and then again starts increasing.
When angle of deviation is minimum, the prism is said to be placed in the minimum deviation position.
There is only one angle of incidence for which the angle of deviation is minimum.
When
δ = δm [prism in minimum deviation position],
e = i and r2 = r1 = r ...(iv)
∵ r1 + r2 = A
From equation (iv), r + r = A
r= A

Also, we have
A+δ=i+e
Setting,
δ = δm and e = i
A+δ =i+i m

(A+δm )
i =
2
sin i
∵ μ =
sin r
A+δm
sin( )
2

∴ μ =
A
sin( )
2

b. The incident ray travelling from denser medium to rarer medium grazes along the surface of the separation of the
medium only when the light ray incident at the surface at an angle called critical angle (C) such that the angle of
reflection is 90o. Therefore, following Snell's law, we can write
μ1 sin 90
=
μ sin C
2
μ
1 1
=
μ2 sin C

√2 1
=
1 sin C

Sin C = 1

√2

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C = sin-1 ( 1
)
√2

∴ Critical angle = Angle of incidence = 45o

OR

The phenomenon observed is diffraction.

i. At the cental maxima: The contributions due to the secondary wavelets, from all parts of the wavefront (at the slit),
arrive in phase at the central maxima θ = 0 At the secondary maxima: It is only the contributions from (nearly) (or
1

, or ,...) of the secondary maxima. These occur at points for which

1 1

5 7

θ ≡ (n +
1

2
)
λ

a
(n = 0, 1, 2, 3,...)
At the minima:
The contribution, from 'corresponding pairs', of the sub-parts of the incident wavefront, cancel each other and the
net contribution, at the location of the minima, is zero. The minima occur at points for which, θ = n
λ

a
(n = 0, 1,
2, 3,...)
ii. There is a significant fall in intensity at the secondary maxima because the intensity there is only due to the
contribution of (nearly)( or or , ...,) of the incident wavefronts.
1 1 1

3 5 7

iii. The size of the central maxima would get halved when the width of the slit is doubled.
32. i. The charge q0 on the capacitor plates remains the same because the battery has been disconnected, before placing the
dielectric slab.
E0
ii. The surface charges induced on the dielectric slab reduce electric field intensity to a new value given by E =
κ
E0 d V0
iii. The reduction in the electric field induces the potential difference V = Ed = =
k k
q0 q0 q0
iv. Due to the decrease in p.d., the capacitance increases k times C =
V
= = K
V0
= κ C0
V0 /k

v. Energy stored decreases by a factor of κ :

2
1 1 V0 1 1 U0
2 2
U = CV = (κ C0 ) ( ) = ⋅ C0 V =
2 2 K κ 2 0 κ

OR

The electrostatic potential at a point in an electric field may be defined as the amount of work done per unit positive test
charge in moving it from infinity to that point (without acceleration) against the electrostatic force due to the electric
field.
Consider a point charge + q placed at point O. Suppose that VA is electric charge is placed in the electric field or not.

potential at point A, whose distance from the source charge + q is rA as shown in Figure.

If W ∞A is work done in moving a vanishingly small positive test charge q0 from infinity to point A, then
W∞A
VA =
q0
.......(i)
Suppose that at any instant, the test charge is at point P. If the test charge q0 is moved through infinitesimally small
→ →
displacement P Q = dl , then small work done is given by
→ → → →
dW = F ⋅ dl = (− q0 E ) ⋅ dl = -q0 Edl cos 180o = q0 E dl

or dW = -q0 E dr
→
Here, dl has been taken as - dr, as the distance r decreases in the direction of dl .
q
Since E =
4πε0
1
⋅
2
, we have
r

q qq
dW = − q 0
(
1
⋅
2
) dr = −
1
⋅
0

2
dr
4πε0 r 4πε0 r

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Hence, work done in moving the test charge from infinity to point A is given by
A rA qq rA
1 0 1 −2
W∞A = ∫ dW = ∫ − ⋅ dr = − q q0 ∫ r dr
∞ ∞ 4πε0 2
4πε0 ∞
r
−1 rA
=− 4πε0
1
⋅ q q0
∣
∣
r

−1
∣
∣
=
1

4πε0
⋅ q q0 ∣
∣
1

r
∣
∣
∞

=− 4πε0
1
⋅ q q0 (
1

rA
−
1

∞
) =
1

4πε0
⋅ q q0 (
1

rA
− 0)

q
or W ∞A
=
4πε0
1
⋅
rA
0
.....(ii)
From the equation (i) and (ii) we have
1 q
VA = ⋅
4πε0 rA

In case, the distance of point A is from the charge +q is denoted by r (in place of rA), then subscript A may be dropped.
If V denotes the electrostatic potential at any point at distance r from the charge +q, then
1 q
V = ⋅
4πε0 r

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33. i.

Whenever current in one coil changes an emf gets induced in the neighbouring coil (Principle of mutual induction)
Voltage across secondary
dϕ
Vs = es = -Ns dt

Voltage across primary

dϕ
Vp = ep = -Np dt

Vs Ns
= (here, Ns > Np)
Vp Np

In an ideal transformer
Power Input = Power output
Ip Vp = Is Vs
Vs Ns Ip
∴ = =
Vp Np Is

ii. Calculation of the number of turns in the secondary:

No. of turns in primary coil Np = 3000, Vs = 220V, Vp = 2200V
Ns Vs
=
Np Vp

Ns 220
=
3000 2200

∴ Ns = 300

OR

a. Total initial energy,

2
Q −2 −2

E =
0
=
10 ×10

−6
=1J
2C 2×50×10

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This energy shall remain conserved in the absence of resistance.
b. Angular frequency, ω = 1

√LC

1
=
1/2
−3 −6
(20×10 ×50×10 )

= 103 rads-1
3
10
T hus, f = = 159Hz
2π

c. Q = Q 0 cos ωt

Or Q = , where T = 6.3 ms
2π 1 1
Q0 cos t = = s
T f 159

Energy stored is completely electrical at t = 0, T/2, 3T/2 . . .

Electrical energy is zero i.e. energy stored is completely magnetic at
T 3T 5T
t = , , ,...
4 4 4

d. At t = T

8
,
3T

8
,
5T

8
,... , the total energy is shared equally between the inductor and the capacitor. As,
ωT π Q0
∵ Q = Q0 cos = Q0 cos =
8 4 √2
2 2
Q Q
Electrical energy = , which is half of the total energy.
1 0
∴ =
2C 2 2C

e. R damps out the LC oscillations eventually. The whole of the initial energy 1.0 J is eventually dissipated as heat.

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