11/24/2022

PUMPS
Fluid mechanics Lab
ME-322L

Submitted By Received By
Name: Muhammad Abdullah Name: Muhammad Waseem Khan

Reg #: 938-FET/BSME/F20 Signature: ___________________

Date: ____________________ Date: _______________________

Fluid Mechanics Lab Assignment

Contents
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 2
Types of Pumps ........................................................................................................................................... 2
1. Dynamic Pump ................................................................................................................................ 2
1.1. Centrifugal Pump.................................................................................................................... 2
1.1.1. Axial Flow ........................................................................................................................ 3
1.1.2. Mixed Flow ...................................................................................................................... 3
1.1.3. Peripheral Pump ............................................................................................................. 3
1.2. Special Effect Pump ................................................................................................................ 3
1.2.1. Jet Pump .......................................................................................................................... 4
1.2.2. Electromagnetic Pump ................................................................................................... 4
2. Positive Displacement Pump .......................................................................................................... 4
2.1. Reciprocating Pump ............................................................................................................... 4
2.1.1. Piston Pump ..................................................................................................................... 5
2.1.2. Plunger Pump .................................................................................................................. 5
2.1.3. Diaphragm Pump ............................................................................................................ 5
2.2. Rotary Pump ........................................................................................................................... 6
2.2.1. Screw Pump ..................................................................................................................... 6
2.2.2. Progressive Cavity Pump ............................................................................................... 6
2.2.3. Gear Pump ....................................................................................................................... 6

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Fluid Mechanics Lab Assignment

Introduction

A pump is a device that uses mechanical action to move various liquids or gases from one
location to another. Usually, these gadgets transform electrical energy into hydraulic energy.
Pumps typically require energy to accomplish mechanical work that propels the working fluid
and are driven by a mechanism (reciprocating or rotary). This apparatus has the ability to elevate
liquids to high elevations and move fluids under pressure from low to high.
Pumps are propelled by a variety of energy sources, including manual labor, electricity, an
engine, wind power, and more. Pumps typically operate in a vacuum where air pressure pushes
the liquid out. Every pump operates by establishing a low-pressure zone.
Since pumps have been around for so long

Types of Pumps

The main types of pumps are given below:

1. Dynamic Pump

Centrifugal force is used in a dynamic pump to accelerate the liquid. By reducing the kinetic
energy, this velocity is further transformed into pressure energy. The fluid is forced through the
system by this pressure difference.
It is made up of an impeller that rotates and generates a vacuum that propels the fluid. As it
lowers the pressure at the inlet, the impeller is kept inside the housing. The fluid is forced outside
the pump housing by the motion caused. The pressure increases to send it out for discharge at
this point. These are divided into two categories.

1.1. Centrifugal Pump

Through the transfer of rotational energy from the rotor, known as the impeller, centrifugal
pumps are used to propel the fluid. Through the impeller's vane tip, the fluid enters the revolving
impeller and is ejected by centrifugal force.
The impeller's movement increases the fluid's velocity and pressure while also directing it in the
direction of the outlet. Fluid from the pump input is compressed by the pump casing, directed
into the impeller, and controlled before being discharged.
This kind of pump is employed in the water supply, fire suppression, and beverage sectors.
Additionally, these are divided into three categories, which are described below.
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1.1.1. Axial Flow

An axial impeller in a pipe is the basic component of the axial flow type of pump. With the aid
of an organized electric motor or a gasoline/diesel engine positioned on the pipe's exterior, the
propeller can be propelled directly into the pipe.
An electronic rotor used in axial flow pumps moves the liquid along a route perpendicular to the
pump's axis. As a result, the fluid moves through the pump in a rather straight line from the inlet
pipe to the exit pipe. These are utilized in turbojet engines as compressors.

1.1.2. Mixed Flow

Radial flow pumps and axial flow pumps are coupled to create mixed flow pumps. Although the
impeller of this pump is designed to sit and twist within the pipe, the turning mechanism is really
diagonal.
With a push from the impeller's axial direction, it accelerates the water by using centrifugal force
to drive it forward. This movement creates sufficient force to result in a rapid rate of flow. These
kinds of pumps are employed in situations where a high flow rate and a relatively low discharge
pressure are necessary.

1.1.3. Peripheral Pump

It is a tightly linked centrifugal pump having a large number of radial vanes on the outside
margins of the impeller. Because there is a little space between the impeller vane and the pump
casing in these pumps, any particles will clog the impeller.
Between the impeller and the casing channel, a flow is produced by the centrifugal force inside
the rotor. The impeller's speed and the fluid's speed are almost identical. As a result, the fluid
moves in a rotating route from the covered channel to the impeller, and the cycle is then
repeated.

1.2. Special Effect Pump

The special effects pumps are another name for the kinetic pumps. This kind of pump still uses
kinetic and velocity energy addition, but it works differently than centrifugal pumps. These
pumps can also be divided into two categories.

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1.2.1. Jet Pump

Utilizing a driving nozzle that transforms the fluid pressure into a high-speed jet, these pumps
are utilized to move the fluid. A normal jet pump has to be entirely filled with water in order to
operate. A centrifugal pump is used to force the water out of the system once it has been primed.
While the remaining water is cycled back into the driveline, some of it is discharged. Water is
forced through the venturi by creating a vacuum as it enters the nozzle. Through a foot valve, it
then pulls water up the well. The water exerts more pressure to push its way back into the pump
impeller as it flows down the venturi tube and into the section line.

1.2.2. Electromagnetic Pump

By utilizing electromagnetism energy, an electromagnetic pump is constructed for moving media

such as liquid metals, molten salts, brine, or other electrically conductive liquids. In this, a
magnetic field is positioned so that it is perpendicular to the direction that the current and liquid
are moving.
This causes an electromagnetic force to be generated, which propels the liquid. These are
frequently utilized to circulate liquid metal inside of cooling systems. They may also be found in
several wave soldering devices that circulate the molten solder using electromagnetic pumps.

2. Positive Displacement Pump

The liquid is moved through a positive displacement pump using reciprocating, rotational, or
pneumatic action. Instead of a continuous liquid flow, pulses are used here to discharge the fluid.
These kinds of pumps work by trapping a certain volume of fluid at the inlet valve and releasing
it at the output valve. These pumps are used because of their capacity to operate under high
pressure and high viscosity fluid.

2.1. Reciprocating Pump

Reciprocating pumps employ the water that has been gathered in a confined volume and is
forced out of the system. High pressure and low volume flow are employed with reciprocating
pumps.
This pump comprises of a piston that reciprocates inside of a stationary cylinder. The connecting
rod is used to secure the piston to the crankshaft. This piston travels as the connecting rod does
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Fluid Mechanics Lab Assignment

as a result of the crankshaft's motion. This crankshaft is attached to a motor, which aids in its
rotation.

2.1.1. Piston Pump

These are the kinds of pumps where a piston is attached to a high-pressure seal. Piston pumps
may function under a broad variety of pressures and are used to transfer gases or liquids. In this,
the pumps are also capable of handling medium that is viscous and contains solid particles.
The oscillation mechanism for this pump is provided by a piston cup, and the pressure
differential is created by the downstroke. This fills the pump chambers, which are then filled
with fluid for the necessary application during the up stroke. Typically, it is employed in systems
that demand a high and constant pressure.

2.1.2. Plunger Pump

The high-pressure seal is fixed in this kind of pump, and a cylindrical plunger travels through the
seal. Plunger pumps transfer media through a cylindrical cylinder using a plunger rather than a
piston.
These are run by electric, pneumatic, hydraulic, or steam-powered drives. These are frequently
used to transfer municipal and industrial sewage at higher pressures.
In order to drive the gas or liquid through the pump, it employs a crank mechanism to provide a
reciprocating motion along an axle. This pressure is then generated in the cylinder or working
barrel. Chemical injection and drill cutting injection are both done using these plunger pumps.

2.1.3. Diaphragm Pump

A pump that employs rubber, thermoplastic, or Teflon diaphragms that reciprocate is known as a
diaphragm pump. The diaphragm pump operates on the concept of air displacement and employs
a rubber membrane.
In this kind, the pumping fluid is placed on one side of the diaphragm (air or hydraulic fluid).
Fluid enters the chamber when the pressure drops, and the volume of the chamber rises (the
diaphragm travels upward).
The pulled fluid is then drained out when the pressure of the chamber is raised by the consequent
reduction in volume (moving down the diaphragm). The cycle is then finished as the diaphragm
rises once again, bringing fluid into the chamber.
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2.2. Rotary Pump

A set volume of fluid is also moved with each rotation in this kind of positive displacement
pump. Regardless of pressure, these pumps can supply capacity constantly. Rotating gears are
used in rotary pumps to move fluid.
This rotating gear creates suction at the pump inlet and creates a liquid seal with the pump
casing. The fluid is now taken into the pump, where it is trapped between the gears that are
turning and discharged. The fact that it operates entirely without oil is undoubtedly
advantageous.

2.2.1. Screw Pump

These pumps propel the liquid along the screw axis using one or more screws. By applying
additional axial acceleration to the fluid inside its clearance region, a screw pump produces
pressure. The Archimedes screw is the most basic type of screw pump.
Two revolving screw rotors that are positioned such that they rotate toward one another power
screw pumps. This holds the gas in the area between their rotors' screws. This stored volume is
lowered as the screw turns, creating compressed gas that pushes it in the direction of the exhaust.

2.2.2. Progressive Cavity Pump

These types of pumps transmit fluid by use of a rotor and stator assembly as it moves through the
pump. This rotor, a rotating worm component with a helical form, is located inside the stator.
Compared to the rotor, the stator is formed of a flexible material and has more "worm thread."
This configuration enables stator rotation and the development of the progressive cavity for the
fluid required by a transfer space. These pumps are often used to pump viscous or shear-sensitive
materials as well as liquids that need to be metered.

2.2.3. Gear Pump

Gear meshing is used by the gear pump to pump the fluid by displacement. They are regarded as
the most prevalent kinds of pumps used in hydraulic power applications. The intake side of the
pump's gears split as they revolve, creating a vacuum and a suction region for the fluid.
Gears transport the fluid to the pump's discharge side, where it is replaced by a mesh of gears.
The combination of this smaller gap and the gears' rapid rotation effectively stops fluid from
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Fluid Mechanics Lab Assignment

seeping rearward. In chemical applications, gear pumps are primarily used to pump very viscous
fluids.

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