Esw Activity 1

Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines

Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila
• MODULE 4
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT
ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2
Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department
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• MODULE 4
INTRODUCTION TO MOTOR CONTROL
I. Objectives:
At the end of the activity, students should be able to:
1. Appreciate the importance of a reliable motor control system.

2. Understand basic operating principles of various motor control components.
3. Familiarized themselves with motor control terminologies.
II. Technical Information:
Motor control systems control the electrical energy used to run a motor. Many of the components used to
control that energy are in the motor controller, protected by a motor control enclosure. Inside the enclosure,
at the heart of every motor controller, is the motor starter. The starter has two parts: the contactor and the
overload relay. It is easier to understand the motor control system if you think of them as divided into two
kinds of circuits: the power circuit and the control circuit.
The power circuit contains all the components that carry the full voltage and current to operate the
motor. Besides the contactor, these commonly include disconnects, fuses, breakers and overload heaters.
The control circuit is usually operated at a lower voltage and contains all the components necessary
to switch power to the motor on and off under the proper conditions and at the proper time. These commonly
include devices like relays, usually inside the enclosure; field devices like start and stop buttons, limit switches
and pressure switches; and indicating devices like lights and alarms to help monitor the operation of the
system.
Three-Wire Control: The Seal-In Circuit
All the components of motor control systems are linked together in circuits which determine what
function can be accomplished: starting, stopping, reversing, jogging and so on.
The seal-in circuit is one of the most common. It's also called the maintaining circuit or holding contact
because it maintains or holds-in the power to a component - like a contactor or a relay - even after a
pushbutton or other momentary switch no longer supplies power. The circuit is maintained until power is
interrupted.
Pushing the start button energizes M, the coil of the contactor. A normally open set of contacts on the
contactor are wired in parallel with the start button. When the armature on the contactor closes, these sealin
contacts close, and remain closed until the stop button is pushed. This de-energizes the M coil and returns the
seal-in contacts to their normally open condition until the coil is energized again.
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Motor starters may also be wired for two-wire control. This requires the use of a maintained-contact
switch to keep the coil of the contactor energized after the run button is released. However, if power is
restored following a shut-down, the motor starter will be re-energized automatically.
Three-wire control is often used because it provides protection for personnel from such unexpected
start-ups. The motor will not automatically re-start after it's stopped due to a no-voltage or low-voltage
condition.
Copyright 2009 www.MikeHolt.com

Holding Contact
III. Evaluation:
1. What are the basic components of a motor starter?
There are different components in a motor starter. Based on my understanding, these components are
divided into two parts, the components for the power circuit and the component for the control circuit. The
components in the power circuit are as follows: first, the Main Circuit Breaker, which is a switching device that
allows current to flow through the circuit when closed and interrupts faulty current, thereby protecting the
electrical system from damage; second, the Main Contactor, which is used to connect and disconnect the
electrical supply from the motors; third, the Thermal Overload, which is a protective device that de-energizes
the entire motor starter when there is an overheating; last, is the motor that converts electrical energy to
mechanical energy.
Next is the control circuit also composed of different components. This circuit also has a circuit breaker
which is called a Control circuit breaker, but it only has a small amperage because the control circuit requires
only a small ampere to power up. Next, is the push button switches such as the NO start push button, NC Stop
push button, and emergency buttons, these switches may be latching or momentary. Also, there are signal
lamps to know the various condition within the motor starter.
2. How important is the ladder or schematic diagram of a motor control circuit?

Based on my understanding, an electrical schematic diagram is a representation of how the sequence of
different electrical components works it also shows the illustrations and symbols of electrical devices. So,
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learning how to read a schematic diagram and understanding its function is important because a schematic or
ladder diagram will give you information about the connection of all the components. Additionally, if we can
learn the sequence of an electrical circuit, we will be able to reduce faults and accidents in real life since we
will be able to read the diagram and understand the flow of how the circuit will work. Furthermore, a schematic
diagram of a motor circuit is useful since it will guide us on how the various motor starters or circuits work.
This will also serve as a guide for what equipment is visible, and we will learn how to operate the motor
circuit in the schematic diagram. Lastly, the schematic diagram is important on design different motor starters because it will
help us to visualize the system and simulate it for functionality.
3. What is the purpose of the disconnect switch?
As I recall the lesson, when we try to simulate the direct online starter, we also input the Fuse
Disconnecting Switch as another protection on the motor circuit aside from the thermal overload relay. I define
a disconnecting switch as an electrical safety device switch to let the current flow through the circuit it also
serves to de-energize the motor and it is sometimes a combination of fuses that melts a metal and shuts off
for safety when there is an overcurrent. There are different disconnecting switches it can be fusible and non-
fusible, but the main purpose of the disconnecting switch is to make sure the circuit is completely deenergized
it is a safety switch when there is maintenance, during service, or just in case there is an overcurrent it serves
as an emergency stop. Moreover, these disconnecting switches can be used manually and automatically, this
device has many benefits as it protects the circuit when there is an overcurrent, shorts circuit, circuit overloads,
and when this fault happens it interrupt the power for everyones safety.
4. What components provides short circuit protection for the motor?

5.
Short circuit protection is electrical circuit protection, and it trips or functions whenever there is an
overcurrent, or the current is beyond the acceptable current rating of the equipment. Based on my memory,
their devices protect the circuit whenever a short circuit or current overload occurs, such as Fuses and circuit
breakers. To further discuss, fuses a small conductor that let the current flow through, but it melts and breaks
for safety purposes whenever there is an overcurrent. Some fuses are embedded into the switches such as
Fuse disconnecting switch, this kind of fuse switch allows the current to flow when turned on and when there
is a short-circuit the fuses take action and break the circuit. The next one is the circuit breaker that also
interrupts the power when there is an overcurrent, its operation is that once the bi-metallic metal feels the
overloading of current it changes shapes and therefore lifts the lever and breaks the circuit.
To conclude, these different components have the same importance that functions whenever a short
circuit occurs. It breaks the circuit to avoid damaging the devices such as motors and it also prevents accidents
that may occur within the area.
6. How does the overload relay protect the motor?

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• MODULE 4
An overload is a circumstance in which a motor draws more current than its rated value for an extended
length of time. Overheating happens as a result of an overload. So when it happens An overload relay takes
action that protects an electric motor from overloads and circuit failure. It detects overloading and blocks
power flow to the motor, protecting it from overheating and winding damage.
The thermal overload works with the properties of bimetallic strips and that's where the current flows.
When the bi-metallic strips sense heat by the current it bends and interrupts the circuit. These thermal
overload relays are connected to a contractor, so when they overheat the trip contact activates and breaks
the supply of the contactor and de-energizes the motor. As I recall there are types of OL this is the one that
works with "Bi-metallic Thermal OVerload relays" and an "electronic overload relays. The one I've discussed
earlier is a bi-metallic thermal overload so now I will discuss the electronic thermal overload.
This type of overload relays is different from the bi-metallic since it doesn't have bi-metallic strips. Instead,
it uses sensors to see the current flowing to the motor, and when there is a rise in temperature the sensor
activates and trips the circuit.
7. How does the auxiliary contact connect to a normally open pushbutton in a seal – in circuit?
In a motor starter, there is a NO start push button and an NC stop push button, when we press the start
push button the motor will be energized but if we released it will be de-energized. So here's where the hold
on contacts or seal-in is connected. The connection of this is that the auxiliary contacts of a contactor are
connected in parallel with the start button to keep the starter coil energized when the start button is released.
When we push press the start push button, the motor will be energized, and the current will now flow to the
Holding contacts so that the motor will continuously be energized.
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• MODULE 4
8. Why is a two – wire control unsafe to be used in a motor control circuit?
As far as I know, the definition of two-wire control is that it is a two-wire for a start push button. This is
safe it will carry a small amount of current only but it will be unsafe if it carries a large amount of current
without electrical protection devices because these types of controls can't handle large current loads. If it is
unsafe because it has low impedance that if a sudden overcurrent occurs, it will damage the whole circuit.
Furthermore, a two-wire motor control is prone to overcurrent, it might blow your fuses orif there is no
protective device it might cause danger to the controller.
9. Differentiate instantaneous, latching and timed delay relay.
Basically, Instantaneous Relay has no time delay therefore it is instant when the current crosses the contacts
the relay is instantly operated without delay. An example of this kind of relay is a solenoid relay. On the other
hand, there is the time-delay relay which is the opposite of the instantaneous because this kind of relay is a
control relay because there is a time delay built in it and it controls certain devices based on time, for example,
a NO switch will automatically close after 3 secs. Next is the Latching relay which is an electromechanical relay
that when pressed the energy flows to power the electromagnet continuously since it is latched therefore the
device that it is connected to will also continuously function.
To conclude, the difference between those three types of a relay is that the "Instantaneous" and "Latching"
relays have no time delay. Meanwhile, the timed delay relays have a definite time only because they will revert
to their original position once the timed set is already finished. Another difference is their properties and types;
first is instantaneous which is commonly composed of the solenoid; second is the last latching relay which is
an electromechanical relay since it has an electromagnet; lastly, a timed delay relay because it has a timer built
within its device.
10. Differentiate an ON-DELAY time relay from an OFF-DELAY time relay.
Let us first define a timer relay, which is a type of relay whose contacts or circuit change after setting a
certain length of time (Apogeeweb, 2020). Also, based on my understanding this type of relay is like a switch
because it turns on and off the circuit of a device with a high voltage. There are two types of a timer, an
"Ondelay" and an "Off-delay" timer. When the supply is connected to the coil of the on-delay timer relay, the
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• MODULE 4
contacts remain open depending on the time selected and will close after it. This sort of relay runs when
electricity is supplied and de-energizes after the delay is finished.
On the other hand, when it comes to off-delay relay it operates contradicting the "on-delay relay" because
this kind of relay operates when after you de-energize the circuit, for example, you set the time for 3 seconds
so when you turn off the circuit it will only completely de-energize after 3 seconds. The contacts will be
changed after the set time.
Further, these two kinds of delay timers have a difference in their operation, the off-delay timer starts the
time set after it is de-energized. On contrary, the on-delay timer starts its counting after it was energized.
11. What is the role of limit switches in a motor control circuit? Explain your answer.
As per my understanding, a limit switch is similar to a sensor in that it is an electro-mechanical device that
sends an electrical signal in response to physical engagement. These switches activate when they detect the
presence of an object and perform the desired action. The limit is made up of mechanical actuators that are
connected to contactor coils. When an object approaches physically, the actuator reacts, causing the contacts
to flip between closed and open connections. There are many functions of limit switches, some of these
functions are seen in our daily life such as the sensor that operates in the door of microwaves and it can also
be seen in automatic washing machines because it detects whether it will stop or run.
Furthermore, in some devices or motor controls limit switches are motor because they can operate at high
voltages and plays a significant role, especially in manufacturing. Moreover, there are different roles of limit
switches and it depends on where you will use it, such as in production or in a manufacturing company it may
serve as product detection because when the product touches the limit switches it will send a signal to control
system thus providing a result. Another role of limit switches is to provide personal safety because they can
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also serve as a safety guard. After all, it can operate that when it detects something physically it will
deenergized. Lastly, limit switches can also be used in protecting the machines from damage.
12. Enumerate the motor components being asked on each item:
a. Types of Control Switches (5)
A switch is a device used to interrupt the current flow in a circuit it connects and disconnects an
electrical circuit. This switch in the control circuit is significant because, without it, the control operation will
not work. We have types of switches, it may be a mechanical switch which is a switch that requires manual
contacts to operate, and an electrical switch that does not requires manual contact since it can operate the
action of semiconductors. We can classify control switches as latch switch that holds the contacts until it was
reversed, and a momentary switch only operates when a specific command in the only present.
There are many different types of control switches that can be latching or momentary, such as the
push-button, which permits electricity to flow between two contacts when pressed. The limit switch is an
electromechanical switch with an actuator that is used to regulate devices and activates when there is physical
interaction. The third type is the pressure switch, which is used in industries to sense pressure from air and
water. The float switch is another sort of control switch that is a type of lever sensor that is used to monitor
the level of certain things. This type of switch can be used as indications such as alarms or it can control other
devices. Lastly, is the temperature switch which is a kind of switch used to detect temperature, and it operated
depending on the value of temperate that is set or measured.
b. Functions of Motor Control (3)
To start, we defined motor control as the stopping and starting of an electric motor. This device can
control the speed and torque of the motors, and motor control can be manual or automated. A motor starter
has several motor control capabilities. The first involves stopping and starting an electric motor automatically
or manually. Motor controllers also controlled the rotation of the motor, whether forward or backward.
Furthermore, we may utilize motor control to manage the speed and torque of the motor because the speed
of the motor might vary depending on its use. Lastly, because motor control is made up of several switches
and devices, it can also safeguard the circuit from various damages such as overloads and faults.
12. Write the meaning of the following acronym:

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• MODULE 4
DODE – Delay on De-energized: This is performed through "On Delay" this have their delay operation when
the circuit is energized and immediately revert to their previous condition when de-energized. DOE - Delay
on energized: This is performed in “Off Delay” the reverse operation of DODE, since this operation has
delay when de-energizing.
NO – Normally Open: It is the normal state of the contacts.
NC – Normally close: It is the normal state of the contacts.
CR - Current Rectifier: explanation is that it is a capacitor that charges and discharges at a specific frequency.
TR – Timing Relay: It is a kind of relay that changes the status of its contacts depending on the set time
period.
EKTS – Electrical Control Techniques Simulator: It is a simulation used for designing motor circuits.
NOTO – Normally Open Timed-open contacts: this is a type of contact that normally open when there is no
power and will energized dpending on the amount of time.
NOTC – Normally Close Timed-Closed contacts: : this is a type of contact that normally open when there is
no power and will close when power is applied, but the timer only occurs when de-energized. OL – Open
Line: It refers to an open loop, which indicates a lack of continuity.
IV. Conclusion:
To conclude this activity, as a first-year student and an amateur it is an achievement and fulfilling to
learn about the motor starter and motor controls because studying this builds my foundation to become a
better engineer in the future. After answering this activity, it polishes my understanding of the different
components that we used in motor control, it also helps me understand its function so that in the future I can
apply it when designing a motor circuit. In addition to that, when I learn about the motor control systems, I
appreciate their importance because you gain knowledge that we can use in different fields.
Moreover, I now understand the basics of motor controls and am now ready to take the next lesson
so that I can fully grasp the knowledge about motors. Also, I understand now how to operate the different
motor control devices and also learn how to wire the different components. Furthermore, familiarizing the
different motor control terminologies and abbreviations will help you understand the different diagram and
shows significance for an easier understanding of the sequence of the circuit.
Additionally, it is better to know that there are two types of a circuit in motor control such as power
and control circuits. We should understand that these two circuits also differ in components and are separately
operated. Control circuits are full of components to control the electric motor. On contrary, the power circuit
is the one that provides power to the circuit for it to be functional.
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• MODULE 4
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• MODULE 4
Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE

Department
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• MODULE 4
Name: Ethan Zachary A. Manaois Course, Yr. & Sec: BSEE-1B Subject:Electrical Workshop 2
Group No. Time: Days: Rm: Date:
Professor/Instructor: Engr. Edwin Espinas Rating:
Activity No. 2
MOTOR CONTROL SYSTEM SYMBOLS
I. OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the activity, the students should be able to:
1. Develop skills in identifying the commonly used components or parts and be able to describe
and interpret correctly the standard symbols for each component used in motor control
systems.
2. Develop skills in circuit tracing using the schematic symbols or diagrams.
3. Become familiar with the different components commonly used in motor control systems.
4. Draw the different control symbols.
II. TECHNICAL INFORMATION:
In every trade or profession, there is a certain language, which must be understood in order
to transfer information and ideas rapidly and efficiently. This language may include words and phrases
as well as symbols.
Industrial electrical symbols and line (ladder) diagrams provide the information necessary to
understand the operation of any electrical control system. Industrial electrical symbols identify
electrical devices within a circuit.
The operation of a circuit is determined by the location of electrical devices. The line diagram
indicates the location of electrical devices within a circuit. Circuit arrangement and modifications to
existing circuits is possible using line diagrams. To read and troubleshoot an electrical control system,
the engineer or electrician must have a working knowledge of line diagrams.
III. MATERIALS NEEDED:

Drawing Materials

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• MODULE 4
IV. PROCEDURE:
Draw the appropriate symbol for each electrical control component in the space provided.
ANSI Symbol & Code IEC 617 Symbol & Code

CONTROL (American National Standard (International Electrotechnical Commission)
COMPONENT Institute)
DESCRIPTION
Non-fused
Knife Switch
(Disconnecting
Switch)
Fused
Push Button Switch

(Normally Open)
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• MODULE 4
Push Button Switch

(Normally Close)
N.C N.C
Emergency Stop Push
Button
(Mushroom Head)
N.O N.O
N.O
Proximity Switch
NC
N.C
NO

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• MODULE 4
N.C
Flow Switch
NO
N.O
NC
N.C
Limit Switch
N.O
NC
NO
NC-Held
Open
NO-Held
Close
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• MODULE 4

Closes on rising level
N.O
Liquid Level Switch
N.C
Opens on rising level
Closes on rising
temperature
N.C
Temperature
Actuated Switch
N.O
Open on rising level
N.O
Closes on rising
Pressure and Vacuum pressure
Switch
N.C
Open on rising
Pressure
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• MODULE 4
ANSI Symbol & Code IEC 617 Symbol & Code

CONTROL (American National Standard (International Electrotechnical Commission)
COMPONENT Institute)
DESCRIPTION
Two- position
Selector Switch
Two & Three
Positions
Three-position
Closes on rising Foot

Pressure
N.O
Foot Switch
Open on rising
Foot Pressure
N.C
Toggle Switch
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• MODULE 4
Control Relay Coil
CR
Contactor Coil
C1 KM1
Motor Starter Coil
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• MODULE 4
Timer Relay Coil
Solenoid Coil
Indicating Light
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• MODULE 4
Plug and socket
FEMALE AND MALE PLUG
MALE AND FEMALE SOCKET
PLugb and socket (Male and Female)
CONTROL ANSI Symbol & Code IEC 617 Symbol & Code
COMPONENT (American National Standard (International Electrotechnical Commission)
DESCRIPTION Institute)
Electromechanical
Counter
3 ø Circuit Breaker
3P Circuit breaker
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• MODULE 4
3P
Circuit
breaker
Fuse
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• MODULE 4
Terminals
Terminals (reference)
Fused terminals
(reference)
Terminal Board
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• MODULE 4
Bell / Barrel
Buzzer
Horn
Full Wave Rectifier

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One cell
Battery
battery
One-cell battery
Multicell
Battery
Contactor contact
open (NO)
Contactor contact
closed
(NC)

24
• MODULE 4
CONTROL ANSI Symbol & Code IEC 617 Symbol & Code
COMPONENT (American National Standard (International Electrotechnical Commission)
DESCRIPTION Institute)
Relay contacts open

25
• MODULE 4
Relay contacts closed
N.C
Time contact (DOE)
N.O. & N.C.
N.O
N.C N.O

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• MODULE 4
Time contact (DODE) N.O

N.O. & N.C.
N.O
N.C

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• MODULE 4
N.C
Three Phase Motor
Control Transformer
Ground

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• MODULE 4
Overload Relay
(Thermal)
Fixed resistor Fixed

Resistor (Fixed &
Rheostat)
Rheostat Rheostat
Wiring General Connected

(Connected,
Not Connected,
Power, Control)
Cross path
Not connected
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• MODULE 4

30
• MODULE 4
Connected
V. CONCLUSION (Discuss the importance of electrical symbols in motor control systems):
Upon doing this activity, I gained more knowledge about electrical symbols and learn their application to the
schematic diagram. I also appreciate the different standards and their significance when designing electrical
systems. In addition to that, I’ve realized, that learning different electrical symbol is important because it is
used to understand different diagrams that have different standards. Furthermore, it is essential to understand
the function of different symbols so that when designing we will know what components should we input or
include. Lastly, the importance of learning electrical symbols is to help us to simplify the design and understand
the drawing when doing an actual application.
VI. EVALUATION:
1. How are motor control symbols represented?

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• MODULE 4
The motor control symbols are represented in a way that will be easier to understand and can be analyzed
function just by looking at the diagram. In addition to that, the symbol represents its functionality when
inputting to a simulation like where will be the current flow, what will happen to the contacts, or basically,
with motor symbols, it will present the sequence of the motor. Furthermore, the symbol represented what
will happen when it is loaded; where will the power flow through the components; and what will be the device
should be operated once it is energized. Lastly, these motor symbols help to understand the basic principle of
every device or component.
2. What are the main difference between ANSI and IEC 617 symbols and codes?
There is two famous organization for implementing electrical standards, it is the American National
Standards Institute (ANSI), and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), these two major
organization helps in creating a way to understand different symbols for better analysis of schematic diagram. Their symbols
are used for designing motor circuits, but there are still differences that we should know to avoid confusion.
Their difference is their applications in various countries because ANSI is mostly implemented in North
America, meanwhile, the IEC is more used around the world. Some of their symbols and codes have similarities,
but some are not. In my perspective, the symbols and codes of those two organizations differ in design and
structure, because their products are also different so they implement different standards of symbols to avoid
confusion.

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Republic of the Philippines

Technological University of the Philippines

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

INTRODUCTION TO MOTOR CONTROL

1. Appreciate the importance of a reliable motor control system.

II. Technical Information:

Three-Wire Control: The Seal-In Circuit

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

Copyright 2009 www.MikeHolt.com

1. What are the basic components of a motor starter?

2. How important is the ladder or schematic diagram of a motor control circuit?

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

3. What is the purpose of the disconnect switch?

4. What components provides short circuit protection for the motor?

6. How does the overload relay protect the motor?

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

8. Why is a two – wire control unsafe to be used in a motor control circuit?

10. Differentiate an ON-DELAY time relay from an OFF-DELAY time relay.

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

12. Enumerate the motor components being asked on each item:

a. Types of Control Switches (5)

12. Write the meaning of the following acronym:

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

At the end of the activity, the students should be able to:

II. TECHNICAL INFORMATION:

III. MATERIALS NEEDED:

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ANSI Symbol & Code IEC 617 Symbol & Code

Push Button Switch

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

Push Button Switch

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

Opens on rising level

Open on rising level

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ANSI Symbol & Code IEC 617 Symbol & Code

Closes on rising Foot

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

Control Relay Coil

Motor Starter Coil