Capacitors - Parallel and Serial Connections

11/3/22, 10:29 PM Capacitors - Parallel and Serial Connections
Capacitors - Parallel and Serial Connections

Parallel and serial connected capacitor circuits.
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Capacitors in Parallel
Capacitors can be connected in parallel:
The equivalent capacitance for parallel-connected capacitors can be calculated as
C = C1 + C2 + . . + Cn (1)
where
C = equivalent capacitance for the parallel connected circuit (Farad, F, μF)
C1..n = capacitance capacitors (Farad, F, μF)

https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/capacitors-parallel-series-d_1388.html 1/9
It is common to use µF as the unit for capacitance.
Capacitors in Series
Capacitors can be connected in series:
The equivalent capacitance for series-connected capacitors can be calculated as
1 / C = 1 / C1 + 1 / C2 + . . + 1 / Cn (2)
For the special case with two capacitors in series - the capacitance can be expressed as
1 / C = (C1 + C2) / (C1 C2) (2b)
- or transformed to
C = C1 C2 / (C1 + C2) (2c)
Example - Capacitors Connected in Parallel and in Series

The equivalent capacitance of two capacitors with capacitance 10 μF and 20 μF can be calculated
as
in parallel
C = (10 μF) + (20 μF)
= 30 (μF)
in series
1 / C = 1 / (10 μF) + 1 / (20 μF)
= 0.15 (1/μF)
or
C = 1 / 0.15 (1/μF)
= 6.7 (μF)
Capacitors in Series
Three capacitors C1 = 3 μF , C2 = 6 μF and C3 = 12 μF are connected in series as indicated in the
figure above. The voltage supply to the circuit is 230 V.
The equivalent circuit capacitance can be calculated with (2)
1 / C = 1 / (3 μF) + 1 / (6 μF) + 1 / (12 μF)
= (4 + 2 + 1) / 12
= 0.58 1/μF
- or transformed
C = 12 / (4 + 2 + 1)
= 1.7 μF
The total charge in the circuit can be calculated with
Q=UC
where
Q = charge (coulomb, C)
U = electric potential (V)
- or with values
Q = (230 V) (1.7 10-6 F)
= 3.91 10-4 C
= 391 μC
Since the capacitors are connected in series - the charge is 391 μC on each of them.
The voltage across capacitor 1 can be calculated
U1 = Q / C1
= (391 μC) / (3 μF)
= 130 V
U2 = Q / C2
= (391 μC) / (6 μF)
= 65 V
U3 = Q / C3
= (391 μC) / (12 μF)
= 33 V
Capacitance of Two Coaxial Cylinders
The capacitance of two coaxial cylinders as indicated in the figure can be calculated as
C = 2 π εo εr l / ln(r2 / r1) (3)
where
εo = absolute permittivity, vacuum permittivity (8.85 10-12 F/m, Farad/m)
εr = relative permittivity
l = length of cylinders
r2 = radius of inner cylinder
r1 = radius of outer cylinder
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11/3/22, 10:29 PM Capacitors - Parallel and Serial Connections

Capacitors - Parallel and Serial Connections

The equivalent capacitance for parallel-connected capacitors can be calculated as

C = equivalent capacitance for the parallel connected circuit (Farad, F, μF)

C1..n = capacitance capacitors (Farad, F, μF)

It is common to use µF as the unit for capacitance.

The equivalent capacitance for series-connected capacitors can be calculated as

1 / C = (C1 + C2) / (C1 C2) (2b)

C = C1 C2 / (C1 + C2) (2c)

Example - Capacitors Connected in Parallel and in Series

C = (10 μF) + (20 μF)

1 / C = 1 / (10 μF) + 1 / (20 μF)

= 0.15 (1/μF)

= 6.7 (μF)

The equivalent circuit capacitance can be calculated with (2)

1 / C = 1 / (3 μF) + 1 / (6 μF) + 1 / (12 μF)

= 0.58 1/μF

The total charge in the circuit can be calculated with

U = electric potential (V)

Q = (230 V) (1.7 10-6 F)

The voltage across capacitor 1 can be calculated

= (391 μC) / (3 μF)

The voltage across capacitor 2 can be calculated

= (391 μC) / (6 μF)

The voltage across capacitor 3 can be calculated

= (391 μC) / (12 μF)

Capacitance of Two Coaxial Cylinders

C = 2 π εo εr l / ln(r2 / r1) (3)

εo = absolute permittivity, vacuum permittivity (8.85 10-12 F/m, Farad/m)

r2 = radius of inner cylinder

r1 = radius of outer cylinder

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