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    Practice Questions Topic 1.2 IB Biology

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    Samantha DAIRO
    This document contains notes from an IB Biology chapter on the ultrastructure of cells. It defines key terms like prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and describes the structures of bacterial and plant/animal cells based on electron micrographs. Organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts and their functions are outlined for eukaryotic cells. The process of binary fission in prokaryotes and roles of specific cell types are also summarized.

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    Practice Questions Topic 1.2 IB Biology

    Uploaded by

    Samantha DAIRO
    63 views4 pages
    This document contains notes from an IB Biology chapter on the ultrastructure of cells. It defines key terms like prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and describes the structures of bacterial and plant/animal cells based on electron micrographs. Organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts and their functions are outlined for eukaryotic cells. The process of binary fission in prokaryotes and roles of specific cell types are also summarized.

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    This document contains notes from an IB Biology chapter on the ultrastructure of cells. It defines key terms like prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and describes the structures of bacterial and plant/animal cells based on electron micrographs. Organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts and their functions are outlined for eukaryotic cells. The process of binary fission in prokaryotes and roles of specific cell types are also summarized.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    63 views4 pages

    Practice Questions Topic 1.2 IB Biology

    Uploaded by

    Samantha DAIRO
    This document contains notes from an IB Biology chapter on the ultrastructure of cells. It defines key terms like prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and describes the structures of bacterial and plant/animal cells based on electron micrographs. Organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts and their functions are outlined for eukaryotic cells. The process of binary fission in prokaryotes and roles of specific cell types are also summarized.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    IB Biology Chapter 1 Notes: The Ultrastructure of Cells (1.

    2) NAME:

    Word Definition
    Prokaryotic Simple smaller cells, commonly called bacteria
    Eukaryotic Larger, more complex cells
    Cell Wall The outer most layer of certain cells that helps them maintain their structure
    Cell membrane The barrier that separates the cell from the extracellular environment. It controls
    (plasma membrane) what enters and exits the cell
    Capsule The outer most layer of certain bacteria
    Nucleoid area The area of bacteria that has the DNA
    DNA Genetic material; has information to make proteins
    Ribosomes Part of the cell where proteins are made
    Flagella Part of the cell that is tail-like and helps to move it
    Cilia Short hairs off the side of a bacteria that help it to move
    Pili Short projections off the side of a bacteria that helps it to stick to surfaces and
    exchange DNA with other bacteria
    Plasmid Short circular pieces of DNA in bacteria
    Binary Fission The method of reproduction in bacteria
    Golgi apparatus An organelle that modified and packages proteins for secretion (release) from the
    cell
    Endoplasmic An organelles that is a series of tubes. Smooth ER makes lipids and rough ER is the
    reticulum (rough and location of protein production for proteins that are released out of the cell.
    smooth)
    Mitochondria An organelle that creates cellular energy (ATP) from nutrients (mainly sugar)
    Lysosome An organelle that breaks down toxins or old cell parts
    Chloroplast An organelle found only in plant cells that uses the energy in light to create chemical
    energy in organic compounds
    Centriole An organelle used in cell division in animal cells
    Vacuoles Larger sac like organelles that store materials. Large ones in plants store mainly
    water and control water pressure in the cell
    Vesicles Small sacs that store and transport materials around the cell
    Nucleus An organelle that stores and protects the DNA.
    Chitin The material in the cell wall of fungi
    Cellulose The material in the cell wall of plants
    1.2.4 Electron Describe how an electron microscope works and how it differs from a light microscope:
    microscopes have a much
    higher resolution than
    light microscopes.

    Resolution
    Millimeters (mm) Micrometers (μm) Nanometers (nm)
    Naked eye 0.1
    Light microscope
    Electron microscope

    1.2.1 Prokaryotes have a Describe the structure of prokaryotic cells:


    simple cell structure
    without compartments

    1.2.3 Prokaryotes divide


    by binary fission.

    1.2.7 Draw the Draw and label a prokaryotic cell:


    ultrastructure of
    prokaryotic cells based on
    electron micrographs.

    1.2.2 Eukaryotes have a Organelle name / Description of function


    compartmentalized cell sketch
    structure. Nucleus

    Rough Endoplasmic
    Reticulum (rER)

    Golgi Apparatus
    Organelle name / Description of function
    sketch
    Lysosome

    Mitochondrion

    Ribosomes

    Chloroplast

    Vacuoles and
    vesicles

    Microtubules and
    centrioles

    Cilia and flagella

    Draw and label a eukaryotic cell:


    1.2.8 Draw the
    ultrastructure of
    eukaryotic cells based on
    electron micrographs.
    1.2.5 The structure and What is the function of an exocrine gland cell in the pancreas?
    function of organelles
    within the exocrine gland
    cells of the pancreas.

    What organelles, in particular, aid in this function?

    1.2.6 The structure and What is the function of a palisade mesophyll cell in a plant leaf?
    function of organelles
    within palisade mesophyll
    cells of the leaf.

    What organelles, in particular, aid in this function?

    1.2.9 Interpret electron Label the organelles in the micrographs shown below:
    micrographs to identify Animal cell (eukaryotic)
    organelles and deduce the
    function of specialized
    cells.

    Plant cell (eukaryotic) Bacterial cell (prokaryotic)

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