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    Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

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    jhab
    This document summarizes the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. [1] Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and organelles, have no cell wall, are generally smaller than eukaryotic cells, and have their genetic material floating in the cytoplasm. [2] Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus that contains the cell's genetic material surrounded by a nuclear envelope, as well as various membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vacuoles that have specific functions. [3] The document then lists and describes the structures and functions of various organelles found in eukaryotic cells.

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    Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

    Uploaded by

    jhab
    41 views19 pages
    This document summarizes the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. [1] Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and organelles, have no cell wall, are generally smaller than eukaryotic cells, and have their genetic material floating in the cytoplasm. [2] Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus that contains the cell's genetic material surrounded by a nuclear envelope, as well as various membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vacuoles that have specific functions. [3] The document then lists and describes the structures and functions of various organelles found in eukaryotic cells.

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    This document summarizes the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. [1] Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and organelles, have no cell wall, are generally smaller than eukaryotic cells, and have their genetic material floating in the cytoplasm. [2] Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus that contains the cell's genetic material surrounded by a nuclear envelope, as well as various membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vacuoles that have specific functions. [3] The document then lists and describes the structures and functions of various organelles found in eukaryotic cells.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    41 views19 pages

    Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

    Uploaded by

    jhab
    This document summarizes the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. [1] Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and organelles, have no cell wall, are generally smaller than eukaryotic cells, and have their genetic material floating in the cytoplasm. [2] Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus that contains the cell's genetic material surrounded by a nuclear envelope, as well as various membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vacuoles that have specific functions. [3] The document then lists and describes the structures and functions of various organelles found in eukaryotic cells.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 19

    Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

    Cells
    October 11, 2021
    Types of cells
    1.Prokaryotic cells
    2.Eukaryotic cells
    Draw and label a prokaryotic cell
    Structures in prokaryotic cells and their
    functions
    1. Cell membrane: controls what enters and
    what leaves the cell
    2. Cell wall: Protection
    3. Capsule: Found in some cells for
    protection, hydration and nutrition
    4. Cytoplasm: Watery medium that contains
    all structures
    5. Ribosomes: protein synthesis (smaller than in
    eukaryotic cells)
    6. Plasmids: Circular DNA
    7. Nucleoid: Region where circular or
    chromosomal DNA is located
    8. Pili: Exchange of plasmids and other materials
    9. Mesosomes: contain enzymes for cellular
    respiration and photosynthesis (if it is
    photosynthetic)
    Prokaryotic cells

    1.No nucleus. Genetic material


    floating in cytoplasm
    2.No organelles
    3.Smaller than eukaryotic cells
    The Eukaryotic Cell
    Parts of a cell : Structure versus Function
    Cell part or organelle Structure Function

    Cell membrane The cell membrane is a Protects the inside of a cell


    flexible covering . from the environment
    It is made of two outside a cell.
    macromolecules: Lets things in and out of a
    Proteins, Phospholipids cell.

    Cell wall The cell wall is a stiff Protects the cell from
    structure outside the cell viruses and harmful
    membrane. organisms.
    Helps maintain the cell’s
    shape and gives structural
    support.
    Cell part or organelle Structure Function

    Cell appendages: Long, tail-like whip back and forth to


    Flagella appendages move a cell.

    Cell appendages: Cilia short, hairlike They can move a cell or


    structures. move molecules away
    from a cell.
    Cell part or Structure Function
    organelle
    Cytoplasm is the jelly-like fluid that fills a contains all organelles and cell parts.
    cell. It contains salts and other
    molecules.

    Cytoskeleton a network of threadlike proteins gives the cell its shape and helps it move.
    that are joined together.

    The nucleus The largest organelle inside most directs all cell activities
    eukaryotic cells, surrounded by contains genetic information which is
    the nuclear envelope, contains coded instructions for protein synthesis.
    the nucleolus and the genetic
    material
    Cell part or organelle Structure Function

    Nucleolus Large dark spot in the nucleus makes ribosomes

    Nuclear envelope Two membranes surrounding allows molecules such as


    the nucleus ribosomes to move into and out
    It contains many pores of the nucleus.

    Ribosomes Are not surrounded by a make proteins


    membrane

    Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum A weblike organelle that is makes proteins


    made of many folded (abundant in cells that produce
    membranes. proteins such as enzymes and
    with ribosomes on its surface hormones)
    Cell part or organelle Structure Function

    Smooth Endoplasmic A weblike organelle that is Produces lipids such as cholesterol


    Reticulum made of many folded Helps remove harmful substances
    membranes. from a cell.
    No ribosomes on its surface (abundant in cells that produce lipids)
    Like steroid hormones,
    the detoxification of harmful metabolic byproducts
    and the storage and metabolism of calcium ions
    within the cell.

    Mitochondrion an organelle that is surrounded it is where chemical reactions occur to


    by two membranes. release energy which is stored as ATP.

    Chloroplasts are membrane-bound they use light energy and make food
    organelles. (glucose) from water and carbon
    Golgi apparatus looks like a stack of pancakes Modifies, sorts and prepares the
    proteins for their specific jobs. Then it
    packages the proteins into vesicles to
    be transported.

    Vesicles Tiny membrane-bound, ball-like transport substances from one area of a


    structures. cell to another area of a cell.

    Lysosomes Are vesicles in animal cells that help break down (decomposition)and
    contain substances recycle cellular components.

    Vacuoles are saclike structures. store food, water and waste material

    Contractile vacuole Vacuoles found in paramecium Stores water and pumps excess water
    out of the paramecium

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