Periodic Table Questions and Answers

Periodic Table Questions
Dmitri Mendeleev proposed the periodic table. He arranged elements in order of their atomic
number. It enables him to place the elements in specific rows and columns. The rows were
named as periods, and columns were named as groups. It contains seven rows and eighteen
columns.
Definition: Periodic Table is an organised collection of elements in order of increasing atomic

number. When atoms are arranged in this pattern, elements in the same group have similar properties.
Periodic Table Chemistry Questions with Solutions

Q1. Which of the following element has a zero valency?
1. Chlorine
2. Helium
3. Caesium
4. Livermorium
Answer: (b) Helium has a zero valency.

Q2. While moving down in a group, the metallic character …………..
1. Increases
2. Decreases
3. Remains constant
4. First increases than decreases.
Answer: (a) Increases.

Explanation: As we move down the group, the number of shells increases, and thus losing
electrons becomes easy for an atom. Thus, the metallic character increases down the group.
Q3. According to Mulliken, what is the relation between electronegativity, ionisation energy
and electron affinity?
1. Electronegativity = Ionisation Energy X Electron Affinity

2. Electronegativity = Ionisation Energy / Electron Affinity
3. Electronegativity = (Ionisation Energy + Electron Affinity) / 2
4. Electronegativity = Ionisation Energy + Electron Affinity
Answer: © Electronegativity = (Ionisation Energy + Electron Affinity) / 2

Explanation: Mulliken has defined electronegativity as the average of ionisation potential
and Electron Affinity.
Thus option c, Electronegativity = (Ionisation Energy + Electron Affinity) / 2 is correct.
Q4. What is the maximum number of electrons that can accommodate in a k shell?
1. 2 electrons.
2. 8 electrons.
3. 18 electrons.
4. 32 electrons.
Answer: A k shell can accommodate 2 electrons.

Explanation: k is the first shell in an atom, followed by the l shell, m shell and n shell. The l
shell contains 8 electrons, the m shell contains 18 electrons, and the n shell contains 32
electrons.
Q5. Why do all the elements of the same group have similar properties?
Answer: All the same group elements have similar properties because they have identical
valence electrons.
Q6. How will you identify the period’s first and last elements based on electronic
configuration?
Answer: The first element has one valence electron, and the last has eight valence electrons.
The number of shells remains identical in the same period.
Q7. What were the criteria used by Mendeleev in creating his Periodic Table?
Answer: Mendeleev used the following criterion in creating his periodic table.
1. Increasing order of atomic masses.

2. Similarities in chemical properties (Nature and Formulae of hydride and oxide
formed)
Q8. What is ionisation energy?

Answer: Ionisation energy is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from the
valence shell of an isolated gaseous atom. Group 1 element has the lowest ionisation energy.
Q9. List two observations that posed a challenge to Mendeleev’s Periodic Law.
Answer: The following two observations posed a challenge to Mendeleev’s Periodic Law.
1. Increasing order of atomic weights could not be maintained while matching chemical
properties. Chemical properties do not depend upon atomic mass.
2. Isotopes have different atomic masses but similar chemical properties.
Q10. What are the differences between electron gain enthalpy and electronegativity?
Answer:
S.
No. Electron Gain Enthalpy Electronegativity
Electron Gain Enthalpy is the change in Electronegativity is the ability of

enthalpy when a neutral atom or a molecule an atom to attract a shared pair of
1. gains an electron from outside. electrons.
It is unitless and is measured via a

2. It is measured in kJ/mol. Pauling scale.
It measures the ability to gain an

3. It measures the amount of energy. electron.
It can either be negative or positive

depending on the atom’s electron
4. configuration that will gain an electron. It is always positive
Q11. The atomic number of an element is 11. Predict
1. the number of valence electrons in its atom

2. its valency
3. its group number
4. whether it is a metal or a non-metal
5. the nature of oxide formed by it
6. the formula of its chloride
Answer: The electronic configuration of element 11 is 2, 8, 1.
1. It has one valence electron.

2. Its valency would equal the number of valence electrons, i.e. one.
3. Its group number is 1.
4. It is a metal.
5. It forms a basic oxide.
6. Sodium Chloride is an example of its chloride.
Q12. How can the valency of an element be determined if its electronic configuration is
known? What will be the valency of an element of atomic number 9?
Answer: If the electronic configuration is known, then the valency of an element is
determined by the number of valence electrons present in the outermost shell, i.e. the number
of valence electrons lost, gained, or shared by the element to attain the noble gas
configuration.
If the element has a valence electron less than or equal to 4, its valence would equal the
number of valence electrons. In contrast, if the element has a valence electron of more than 4,
its valency would be equivalent to 8 – the number of valence electrons.
The electronic configuration of an element of atomic number 9 is 2, 7. It has seven valence
electrons. Hence its valency would be 8 – 7 = 1.
Q13. How does the electronic configuration of an element relate to its position in the modern
periodic table? Explain with one example.
Answer: The position of an element depends upon the number of valence electrons that rely
on its electronic configuration. Those elements which have identical valence electrons occupy
the same group.
For example, elements with one valence electron belong to group 1.
The period number is equal to the number of shells.
For example, elements with one shell belong to period 1.
An element ‘X’ has the atomic number 12. Its electronic configuration is 2, 8, 2. It has two
valence electrons, belongs to group 2, and has three shells; therefore, it is in the third period.
Q14. The elements of the second period of the Periodic Table are given below:
Li Be B C N O F
1. Give a reason to explain why atomic radii decrease from Li to F.

2. Identify the most metallic and non-metallic elements.
Answer: 1. Atomic radii decrease from Li to F because nuclear charge increases due to
increased atomic number. Therefore, the force of attraction between nucleus and valence
electrons increases. Hence atomic radii decrease from Li to F.
2. Li is the most metallic as it can lose electrons quickly due to its larger atomic size. In
contrast, F is most non-metallic as it can gain electrons rapidly due to its smallest atomic size.
Q15. Match the elements with their corresponding radii.
Column 1 Column 2
1. 74
(a) Be
1. 88
(b) C
1. 111
©O
1. 77
(d) B
1. 66
(e) N
Answer: a-3, b-5, c-4, d-2, e-1
Practise Questions on Periodic Table

Q1. The order of electron affinities of N, O, S and Cl are
1. N < O < S < Cl
2. O < N < Cl < S
3. O < Cl < N < S
4. O < S < Cl < N
Q2. Which of the following alkali metal has the highest ionic mobility in an aqueous
medium.
1. Na +
2. K+
3. Rb +
4. Li +
Q3. In a compound XY, if the electronegativity difference between X and Y is greater than
1.7, then the compound XY is soluble in
1. Benzene
2. Carbon tetrachloride
3. Water
4. Carbon disulfide
Q4. The first, second, third, fourth and fifth ionisation potential values of an element are
6.11,11.87,51.21,67.0,84.39 eV respectively. The element is
1. Calcium
2. Potassium
3. Aluminium
4. Carbon

Periodic Table Questions and Answers

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Periodic Table Questions

Definition: Periodic Table is an organised collection of elements in order of increasing atomic

Periodic Table Chemistry Questions with Solutions

Answer: (b) Helium has a zero valency.

Answer: (a) Increases.

1. Electronegativity = Ionisation Energy X Electron Affinity

Answer: © Electronegativity = (Ionisation Energy + Electron Affinity) / 2

Answer: A k shell can accommodate 2 electrons.

1. Increasing order of atomic masses.

Q8. What is ionisation energy?

Electron Gain Enthalpy is the change in Electronegativity is the ability of

It is unitless and is measured via a

It measures the ability to gain an

It can either be negative or positive

1. the number of valence electrons in its atom

Answer: The electronic configuration of element 11 is 2, 8, 1.

1. It has one valence electron.

1. Give a reason to explain why atomic radii decrease from Li to F.

Practise Questions on Periodic Table

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