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    Quantum Numbers and Their Physical Interpetation

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    Momina Laraib

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    Quantum Numbers and Their Physical Interpetation

    Uploaded by

    Momina Laraib
    126 views15 pages

    Original Title

    Quantum

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    126 views15 pages

    Quantum Numbers and Their Physical Interpetation

    Uploaded by

    Momina Laraib

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    QUANTUM NUMBERS

    AND THEIR
    PHYSICAL
    INTERPETATION
    QUANTUM NUMBERS

    The set of numbers used to describe the position and


    energy of the electron in an atom are called quantum
    numbers. There are four quantum numbers, namely,
    principal, azimuthal, magnetic and spin quantum
    numbers.
     Quantum numbers can be used to describe the trajectory
    and the movement of an electron in an atom. The
    quantum numbers of all the electrons in a given atom,
    when combined, must comply with the Schrodinger
    equation.
     Electronic quantum numbers (the quantum numbers
    describing electrons) can be defined as a group of
    numerical values which provide solutions that are
    acceptable by the Schrodinger wave equation
    SCHRODINGER WAVE
    EQUATION
     Four quantum numbers can be used to
    completely describe all the attributes of a given
    electron belonging to an atom, these are:
     Principal quantum number, denoted by n.

     Orbital angular momentum quantum number (or


    azimuthal quantum number), denoted by l.
     Magnetic quantum number, denoted by ml.

     The electron spin quantum number, denoted by


    ms.
    PRINCIPAL QUANTUM NUMBER
     Principal quantum numbers are denoted by the symbol
    ‘n’. They designate the principal electron shell of the
    atom. Since the most probable distance between the
    nucleus and the electrons is described by it, a larger
    value of the principal quantum number implies a greater
    distance between the electron and the nucleus (which, in
    turn, implies a greater atomic size).
     The value of the principal quantum number can be any
    integer with a positive value that is equal to or greater
    than one. The value n=1 denotes the innermost electron
    shell of an atom, which corresponds to the lowest
    energy state (or the ground state) of an electron
     The value of the principal quantum number can be any integer
    with a positive value that is equal to or greater than one. The
    value n=1 denotes the innermost electron shell of an atom,
    which corresponds to the lowest energy state (or the ground
    state) of an electron
    AZIMUTHAL QUANTUM NUMBER (ORBITAL
    ANGULAR MOMENTUM QUANTUM NUMBER)

     The azimuthal (or orbital angular momentum) quantum


    number describes the shape of a given orbital. It is
    denoted by the symbol ‘l’ and its value is equal to the
    total number of angular nodes in the orbital.
     A value of the azimuthal quantum number can indicate
    either an s, p, d, or f subshell which vary in shapes. This
    value depends on (and is capped by) the value of the
    principal quantum number, i.e. the value of the azimuthal
    quantum number ranges between 0 and (n-1).
    MAGNETIC QUANTUM NUMBER

     The total number of orbitals in a subshell and the


    orientation of these orbitals are determined by the
    magnetic quantum number. It is denoted by the symbol
    ‘ml
     The value of the magnetic quantum number is dependant
    on the value of the azimuthal (or orbital angular
    momentum) quantum number. For a given value of l, the
    value of ml ranges between the interval -l to +l.
    Therefore, it indirectly depends on the value of n.
    TABLE
    ELECTRON SPIN QUANTUM
    NUMBER
     The value of ms offers insight into the direction in which
    the electron is spinning. The possible values of the
    electron spin quantum number are +½ and -½.
     The positive value of ms implies an upward spin on the
    electron which is also called ‘spin up’ and is denoted by
    the symbol ↑. If ms has a negative value, the electron in
    question is said to have a downward spin, or a ‘spin
    down’, which is given by the symbol ↓.
     The value of the electron spin quantum number
    determines whether the atom in question has the ability
    to produce a magnetic field. The value of ms can be
    generalized to ±½.
    SUMMARY
    THANK YOU !

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