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    HL Topic 7 17 Equilibrium

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    David Dancer

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    HL Topic 7 17 Equilibrium

    Uploaded by

    David Dancer
    175 views9 pages

    Original Title

    HL Topic 7 17 Equilibrium (2)

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    175 views9 pages

    HL Topic 7 17 Equilibrium

    Uploaded by

    David Dancer

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 9
    At a glance
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    The key takeaways are the concepts of chemical equilibrium, factors that affect the position and value of the equilibrium constant Kc, and Le Chatelier's principle.

    The main concepts discussed regarding chemical equilibrium are the state of dynamic equilibrium, the rates of the forward and reverse reactions being equal, and the concentrations of reactants and products remaining constant.

    The factors that affect the position and value of the equilibrium constant Kc are temperature, pressure, concentration and use of a catalyst. Increasing temperature or decreasing volume/pressure favors the endothermic direction. Increasing concentration of reactants favors the products.

    HL Topics 7 and 17 : Equilibrium (2)

    For each question choose the answer you consider to be the best.

    1. Which are correct statements concerning a chemical reaction in a state of equilibrium?

    I. The rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction
    II. The concentrations of reactants and products do not change
    III. The forward and reverse reactions are still continuing

    A. I and II only
    B. I and III only
    C. II and III only
    D. I, II and III

    2. Which must be a correct statement about the value of the equlibrium constant, Kc, for a
    reversible reaction which hardly proceeds in the forward direction?

    A. Kc = 0

    B. Kc = 1

    C. Kc >> 1

    D. Kc << 1

    © Dr Geoffrey Neuss, InThinking


    http://www.thinkib.net/chemistry 1
    3. What will be the effect on the value of Kc and the position of equilibrium when the
    temperature is decreased in the following reaction?

    3H2(g) + N2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g) ∆H = – 92 kJ

    Value of Kc Position of equilibrium

    Increases Moves to give more products


    A.
    Increases Moves to give more reactants
    B.
    Decreases Moves to give more products
    C.
    Decreases Moves to give more reactants
    D.

    4. What is the correct equilibrium expression for the following reaction?

    3A(g) + 2B(g) ⇌ 2C(g) + 3D(g)

    A. Kc = [2C(g)]2 x [3D(g)]3
    [3A(g)]3 x [2B(g)]2

    B. Kc = 2[C(g)]2 x [3D(g)]3
    3[A(g)]3 x 2[B(g)]2

    C. Kc = [C(g)]2 x [D(g)]3
    [A(g)]3 x [B(g)]2

    D. Kc = [2C(g)] x [3D(g)]
    [3A(g)] x [2B(g)]

    © Dr Geoffrey Neuss, InThinking


    http://www.thinkib.net/chemistry 2
    5. Which will affect the value of Kc in the following reaction?

    2NO2(g) ⇌ N2O4(g) ∆H = – 24 kJ

    A. Raising the temperature.

    B. Lowering the pressure.

    C. Adding a catalyst.

    D. Adding some NO2(g) to the equilibrium mixture.

    6. Which change will not affect the position of equilibrium for the following reaction?

    H2(g) + I2(g) ⇌ 2HI(g) ∆H = – 10.4 kJ

    A. Increasing the tempertaure by 10 oC.

    B. Removing some hydrogen iodide from the equilibrium mixture.

    C. Doubling the pressure.

    D. Adding some iodine to the equilibrium mixture.

    © Dr Geoffrey Neuss, InThinking


    http://www.thinkib.net/chemistry 3
    7. Which will give an increased yield of sulfur trioxide in the equilibrium reaction for the
    Contact Process?
    2SO2(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2SO3(g) ∆H = – 197 kJ

    I. Adding more oxygen


    II. Decreasing the temperature
    III. Increasing the pressure

    A. I and II only
    B. I and III only
    C. II and III only
    D. I, II and III

    8. When carbon dioxide dissolves in water the following reaction occurs.

    CO2(g) + H2O(l) ⇌ H+(aq) + HCO3-(aq)


    What will happen to the pH of the solution if the carbon dioxide escapes as a gas?
    A. It will decrease
    B. It will increase
    C. It will stay the same
    D. It will become negative

    9. Which will increase the rate of the following reaction but not affect the value of Kc?
    2SO2(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2SO3(g) ∆H = – 197 kJ
    A. Decreasing the pressure

    B. Using a suitable catalyst

    C. Decreasing the temperture

    D. Increasing the temperature

    © Dr Geoffrey Neuss, InThinking


    http://www.thinkib.net/chemistry 4
    10. The equilibrium constant Kc is 160 at 298 K for the following reaction.

    H2(g) + I2(g) ⇌ 2HI(g)

    At 700 K the value for the equilibrium constant is 54. What can be deduced from this
    information?

    A. The position of equilibrium lies on the right at all temperatures.

    B. The reaction is exothermic.

    C. The rate of the reaction is higher at higher temperatures.

    D. Hydrogen iodide will decompose at low temperatures

    11. Some water is present at equilibrium in a sealed container at 298 K. What will be the
    effect of heating the water by 10 K and allowing it to re-establish equilibrium?

    A. More of the water will be in the liquid state at the higher temperature.

    B. The rate of vaporization will be greater than the rate of condensation for the new
    equilibrium.

    C. At the higher temperature the liquid and the vapour will be in a state of dynamic
    equilibrium.

    D. The rate of condensation will be greater than the rate of vaporization for the new
    equilibrium.

    © Dr Geoffrey Neuss, InThinking


    http://www.thinkib.net/chemistry 5
    12. The equilibrium constant for a reaction has the value of 10 at 298 K. Which statement
    must be true?

    A. The forward reaction is spontaneous at 298 K.

    B. The enthalpy change for the reaction, ΔH, must be negative.

    C. The entropy change for the reaction, ΔS, must be positive.

    D. The free energy change, ΔG, must be positive.

    13. Kc is the equilibrium constant for the reaction between hydrogen and iodine:

    H2(g) + I2(g) ⇌ 2HI(g) ∆H = – 10.4 kJ


    What will be the value of the equilibrium constant for the reverse reaction?

    A. Kc

    B. Kc½

    C. Kc-1

    D. Kc2

    14. Consider the standard electrode potentials for the following two reactions:

    Zn2+(aq) + 2e– Ý Zn(s) Eʅ = – 0.76 V


    Cu2+(aq) + 2e– Ý Cu(s) Eʅ = + 0.34 V

    When a zinc half-cell is connected to a copper half-cell using a salt bridge under standard
    conditions what will be the voltage produced by the cell when the reaction has reached
    equilibrium?

    A. – 1.10 V

    B. 0 V

    C. + 0.42 V

    D. + 1.10 V

    © Dr Geoffrey Neuss, InThinking


    http://www.thinkib.net/chemistry 6
    15. Which is a correct statement about a mixture of ethanol liquid and ethanol vapour in
    equilibrium at its boiling point?

    A. All the ethanol molecules posses the same kinetic energy.

    B. There are strong hydrogen bonds between the ethanol molecules in the vapour state.

    C. The vapour will be at a higher temperature than the liquid.

    D. The vapour pressure of the ethanol is equal to the external pressure.

    16. The value of Kc for the following reaction is equal to 4 at 298 K.

    C2H5OH(l) + CH3COOH(l) Ý CH3COOC2H5(l) + H2O(l)

    The reaction quotient, Q, for a mixture of ethanol, water, ethyl ethanoate and ethanoic
    acid is equal to 6 at 298 K at time t. Which statement will be true when the mixture
    reaches equilibrium at 298 K?

    A. The concentration of ethanol will have decreased.


    B. The concentration of ethanoic acid will have decreased.
    C. The concentration of ethyl ethanoate will have decreased.
    D. The concentration of water will be unchanged.

    17. Carbon monoxide and hydrogen can react together to form methanol.

    CO(g) + 2H2(g) ⇌ CH3OH(g)

    The concentrations of the three components in a particular mixture at equilibrium are


    [CO] = 0.25 mol dm-3, [H2] = 0.20 mol dm-3 and [CH3OH] = 10 mol dm-3. What is the value
    of the equilibrium constant for the reaction at the temperature the concentrations refer
    to?

    A. 2.0 x 102

    B. 1.0 x 103

    C. 1.0 x 10-3

    D. 5.0 x 10-3

    © Dr Geoffrey Neuss, InThinking


    http://www.thinkib.net/chemistry 7
    18. At 700 K, Kc = 3.33 x 10-5 for the reaction
    2SO3(g) ⇌ 2SO2(g) + O2(g)

    Which relationship must be true at equilibrium?

    A. [SO2] = [SO3]

    B. 2[SO2] = [O2]

    C. [SO3] < [SO2]

    D. [SO2] < [SO3]

    19. When 3.0 mol of ethanol and 3.0 mol of ethanoic acid are reacted together at 298 K and
    allowed to reach equilibrium the amount of ethyly ethanoate in the equilibrium mixture
    is 2.0 mol. What is the value of the equilibrium constant for the following reaction at
    298 K?

    C2H5OH(l) + CH3COOH(l) ⇌ CH3COOC2H5(l) + H2O(l)

    A. 0.44

    B. 1.5

    C. 2.25

    D. 4.0

    © Dr Geoffrey Neuss, InThinking


    http://www.thinkib.net/chemistry 8
    20. In a solution of carbonic acid two acid dissociation reactions take place.

    H2CO3(g) ⇌ HCO3–(aq) + H+(aq)

    HCO3-(g) ⇌ CO32–(aq) + H+(aq)

    The pKa value for the first dissociation of carbonic acid to give the hydrogencarbonate
    ion is 6.38. Which species will be present in the highest concentration in a
    0.01 mol dm-3 solution of carbonic acid at equilibrium?

    A. H2CO3

    B. HCO3–

    C. H+

    D. CO32–

    © Dr Geoffrey Neuss, InThinking


    http://www.thinkib.net/chemistry 9

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