12 AA HL P1 Practice Assign

S1 [277 marks]
The following diagram shows triangle ABC, with AB = 6 and AC = 8.

^
1a. Given that cos A = 5 ^.
find the value of sin A [3 marks]
6

Markscheme
valid approach using Pythagorean identity (M1)
2
sin2 A + ( 56 ) = 1 (or equivalent) (A1)
√11
sin A = 6
A1
[3 marks]

1b. Find the area of triangle ABC. [2 marks]

Markscheme
1 √11
2 ×8×6× 6
(or equivalent) (A1)

area = 4√11 A1
[2 marks]

2a. Show that (2n − 1)2 + (2n + 1)2 = 8n2 + 2, where n ∈ Z. [2 marks]
 Markscheme
attempting to expand the LHS (M1)
LHS = (4n2 − 4n + 1) + (4n2 + 4n + 1) A1

= 8n2 + 2 (= RHS) AG
[2 marks]

2b. Hence, or otherwise, prove that the sum of the squares of any two [3 marks]
consecutive odd integers is even.

Markscheme
METHOD 1
recognition that 2n − 1 and 2n + 1 represent two consecutive odd integers
(for n ∈ Z) R1
8n2 + 2 = 2 (4n2 + 1) A1
valid reason eg divisible by 2 (2 is a factor) R1
so the sum of the squares of any two consecutive odd integers is even AG

METHOD 2
recognition, eg that n and n + 2 represent two consecutive odd integers (for
n ∈ Z) R1
n2 + (n + 2)2 = 2 (n2 + 2n + 2) A1
valid reason eg divisible by 2 (2 is a factor) R1
so the sum of the squares of any two consecutive odd integers is even AG
[3 marks]

3. Let 8x [5 marks]
f ′ (x) = . Given that f (0) = 5, find f (x).
√ 2x2+1
 Markscheme
attempt to integrate (M1)
u = 2x2 + 1 ⇒ du = 4x
dx
8x 2
∫ dx =∫ du (A1)
√ x2+1
2 √u
EITHER
= 4√u (+C) A1
OR
= 4√2x2 + 1 (+C) A1
THEN
correct substitution into their integrated function (must have C) (M1)
5= 4+C⇒C= 1
f (x) = 4√2x2 + 1 + 1 A1
[5 marks]

x+3
The functions f and g are defined such that f (x) = 4
and g (x) = 8x + 5.

4a. Show that (g ∘ f) (x) = 2x + 11. [2 marks]

Markscheme
attempt to form composition M1

correct substitution g ( x+3

4
) = 8 ( x+3
4
)+5 A1

(g ∘ f) (x) = 2x + 11 AG
[2 marks]

4b. Given that (g ∘ f)−1 (a) = 4, find the value of a. [3 marks]

 Markscheme
attempt to substitute 4 (seen anywhere) (M1)
correct equation a = 2 × 4 + 11 (A1)
a = 19 A1
[3 marks]

5a. Show that log9 (cos 2x + 2) = log3 √cos 2x + 2. [3 marks]

Markscheme
attempting to use the change of base rule M1
log3(cos 2x+2)
log9 (cos 2x + 2) = log39
A1

= 12 log3 (cos 2x + 2) A1
= log3 √cos 2x + 2 AG
[3 marks]

5b. Hence or otherwise solve log3 (2 sin x) = log9 (cos 2x + 2) for [5 marks]
0 < x < π2 .
 Markscheme
log3 (2 sin x) = log3 √cos 2x + 2
2 sin x = √cos 2x + 2 M1
4 sin2 x = cos 2x + 2 (or equivalent) A1
use of cos 2x = 1 − 2 sin2 x (M1)
6 sin2 x = 3
1
sin x = (±) A1
√2
π
x= 4
A1
π
Note: Award A0 if solutions other than x= 4
are included.

[5 marks]

Let f (x) = 13 x3 + x2 − 15x + 17.

6a. Find f ′ (x). [2 marks]

Markscheme
f ′ (x) = x2 + 2x − 15 (M1)A1

[2 marks]

The graph of f has horizontal tangents at the points where x = a and x = b, a < b.

6b. Find the value of a and the value of b . [3 marks]

 Markscheme
correct reasoning that f ′ (x) = 0 (seen anywhere) (M1)
x2 + 2x − 15 = 0
valid approach to solve quadratic M1
(x − 3) (x + 5), quadratic formula
correct values for x
3, −5
correct values for a and b
a = −5 and b = 3 A1
[3 marks]

6c. Sketch the graph of y = f ′ (x). [1 mark]

Markscheme

A1

[1 mark]

6d. Hence explain why the graph of f has a local maximum point at x = a. [1 mark]
 Markscheme
first derivative changes from positive to negative at x=a A1
so local maximum at x=a AG
[1 mark]

6e. Find f ′′ (b). [3 marks]

Markscheme
f ′′ (x) = 2x + 2 A1
substituting their b into their second derivative (M1)
f ′′ (3) = 2 × 3 + 2
f ′′ (b) = 8 (A1)
[3 marks]

6f. Hence, use your answer to part (d)(i) to show that the graph of f has a [1 mark]
local minimum point at x = b.

Markscheme
f ′′ (b) is positive so graph is concave up R1
so local minimum at x = b AG
[1 mark]

6g. The normal to the graph of f at x = a and the tangent to the graph of f [5 marks]
at x = b intersect at the point (p, q) .

Find the value of p and the value of q.

 Markscheme
normal to f at x = a is x = −5 (seen anywhere) (A1)
attempt to find y-coordinate at their value of b (M1)
f (3) = −10 (A1)
tangent at x = b has equation y = −10 (seen anywhere) A1
intersection at (−5, −10)
p = −5 and q = −10 A1
[5 marks]

Let f (x) = ln 5x where

kx
x > 0, k ∈ R+ .

7a. Show that f ′ (x) 1−ln 5x [3 marks]

= kx2
.

Markscheme
attempt to use quotient rule (M1)
correct substitution into quotient rule
5kx( 51x )−k ln 5x
f ′ (x) = (or equivalent) A1
(kx)2

= k−k ln 5x , (k ∈ R+ ) A1
k2x2
1−ln 5x
= kx2
AG

[3 marks]

The graph of f has exactly one maximum point P.

7b. Find the x-coordinate of P. [3 marks]

 Markscheme
f ′ (x) = 0 M1
1−ln 5x
kx2
=0
ln 5x = 1 (A1)
e
x= 5 A1
[3 marks]

2 ln 5x−3
The second derivative of f is given by f ′′ (x) = kx3
. The graph of f has
exactly one point of inflexion Q.

7c. Show that the x-coordinate of Q is 1 e 32 . [3 marks]

5

Markscheme
f ′′ (x) = 0 M1
2 ln 5x−3
kx3
=0
3
ln 5x = 2 A1
3
5x = e 2 A1
3
so the point of inflexion occurs at x = 15 e 2 AG
[3 marks]
7d. The region R is enclosed by the graph of f , the x-axis, and the vertical [7 marks]
lines through the maximum point P and the point of inflexion Q.

Given that the area of R is 3, find the value of k.

 Markscheme
attempt to integrate (M1)
du 1
u = ln 5x ⇒ dx
= x
ln 5x dx 1
∫ kx
= k
∫ u du (A1)
EITHER
2
= u2 A1
k
3
2
∫ 3

[ u2k ]
2 2
so 1 1 u du = A1
k 1
OR
(ln 5x)2
= 2k
A1
3
1 2
5
e
3
∫ 1 2
e
=[ ]
2 5
e
ln 5x dx (ln 5x)
so 5
2k
A1
kx e
5

THEN
1 9
= ( − 1)
2k 4
5
= 8k
A1
setting their expression for area equal to 3 M1
5
8k
=3
5
k= 24
A1
[7 marks]

8a. Express −3 + √3i in the form reiθ , where r > 0 and −π < θ ⩽ π. [5 marks]
 Markscheme
attempt to find modulus (M1)

r = 2√3 (= √12) A1

attempt to find argument in the correct quadrant (M1)

θ = π + arctan (− )
√3
3
A1

5π
= 6
A1

(= 2√3e 6 )
5π i 5π i
−3 + √3i = √12e 6

[5 marks]

Let the roots of the equation z 3 = −3 + √3i be u, v and w.

8b. Find u, v and w expressing your answers in the form reiθ , where r > 0 [5 marks]
and −π < θ ⩽ π.

Markscheme
attempt to find a root using de Moivre’s theorem M1
1 5π i
12 e6 18 A1
attempt to find further two roots by adding and subtracting 23π to the
argument M1
1 7π i
12 6 e− 18 A1
1 17π i
12 e6 18 A1
Note: Ignore labels for u, v and w at this stage.

[5 marks]

On an Argand diagram, u, v and w are represented by the points U, V and W

respectively.

8c. Find the area of triangle UVW. [4 marks]

 Markscheme
METHOD 1
attempting to find the total area of (congruent) triangles UOV, VOW and UOW
M1

= 3 ( 12 ) (12 6 ) (12 6 ) sin 23π

1 1
Area A1A1

(12 6 ) (12 6 ) and A1 for sin 23π

1 1
Note: Award A1 for

(12 3 ) (or equivalent)

3√3 1
= 4
A1

METHOD 2
2 2
= (12 ) + (12 ) − 2 (12 6 ) (12 6 ) cos 23π (or equivalent)
1 1 1 1
UV2 6 6 A1

= √3 (12 6 ) (or equivalent)

1
UV A1

attempting to find the area of UVW using Area = 12 × UV × VW × sin α for

example M1

= 12 (√3 × 12 6 ) (√3 × 12 6 ) sin π3

1 1
Area

(12 3 ) (or equivalent)

3√3 1
= 4
A1

[4 marks]

8d. By considering the sum of the roots u, v and w, show that [4 marks]
cos 518π + cos 718π + cos 1718π = 0.
Markscheme
u+v+w=0 R1
1
12 (cos (− 718π ) + i sin (− 718π ) + cos 518π + i sin 518π + cos 1718π + i sin 1718π ) = 0
6

A1
consideration of real parts M1
1
12 (cos (− 718π ) + cos 518π + cos 1718π ) = 0
6

cos (− 718π ) = cos 1718π explicitly stated A1

cos 518π + cos 718π + cos 1718π = 0 AG

[4 marks]

= ( )
9. The following diagram shows the graph of y = f (x). The graph has a [5 marks]
horizontal asymptote at y = −1. The graph crosses the x-axis at x = −1 and
x = 1, and the y-axis at y = 2.

2
On the following set of axes, sketch the graph of y = [f (x)] + 1, clearly showing
any asymptotes with their equations and the coordinates of any local maxima or
minima.
Markscheme

no y values below 1 A1
horizontal asymptote at y = 2 with curve approaching from below as
x → ±∞ A1
(±1,1) local minima A1
(0,5) local maximum A1
smooth curve and smooth stationary points A1
[5 marks]

2 R ⩽
 The function f is defined by f (x) = e2x − 6ex + 5, x ∈ R, x ⩽ a. The graph of
y = f (x) is shown in the following diagram.

10a. Find the largest value of a such that f has an inverse function. [3 marks]

Markscheme
attempt to differentiate and set equal to zero M1
f ′ (x) = 2e2x − 6ex = 2ex (ex − 3) = 0 A1
minimum at x = ln 3
a = ln 3 A1
[3 marks]

10b. For this value of a , find an expression for f −1 (x), stating its domain. [5 marks]
 Markscheme
Note: Interchanging x and y can be done at any stage.
y = (ex − 3)2 − 4 (M1)
ex − 3 = ± √y + 4 A1

as x ⩽ ln 3, x = ln (3 − √y + 4) R1

so f −1 (x) = ln (3 − √x + 4) A1
domain of f −1 is x ∈ R, −4 ⩽ x < 5 A1
[5 marks]

11a. Explain why any integer can be written in the form 4k or 4k + 1 or [2 marks]
4k + 2 or 4k + 3, where k ∈ Z.

Markscheme
Upon division by 4 M1
any integer leaves a remainder of 0, 1, 2 or 3. R1
Hence, any integer can be written in the form 4k or 4k + 1 or 4k + 2 or 4k + 3
, where k ∈ Z AG
[2 marks]

11b. Hence prove that the square of any integer can be written in the form [6 marks]
4t or 4t + 1, where t ∈ Z+ .
 Markscheme
(4k)2 = 16k2 = 4t M1A1

(4k + 1)2 = 16k2 + 8k + 1 = 4t + 1 M1A1

(4k + 2)2 = 16k2 + 16k + 4 = 4t A1

(4k + 3)2 = 16k2 + 24k + 9 = 4t + 1 A1

Hence, the square of any integer can be written in the form 4t or 4t + 1,
where t ∈ Z+ . AG
[6 marks]

1
12. Let f(x) = 1−x2
for −1 < x < 1. Use partial fractions to find ∫ f (x) dx. [8 marks]

Markscheme
1 1 B
1−x2
= (1−x)(1+x)
≡ A
1−x
+ 1+x
M1M1A1
1
⇒ 1 ≡ A (1 + x) + B (1 − x) ⇒ A = B = 2 M1A1A1
1 1
∫ 2
1−x
+ 2
1+x
dx = −1
2 ln(1 − x) + 12 ln(1 + x) + c (= ln k√ 1+
1−x
x
) M1A1

[8 marks]

t
∫
−1
Consider the integral 1
x+ x2
dx for t > 1.

13a. Very briefly, explain why the value of this integral must be negative. [1 mark]

Markscheme
The numerator is negative but the denominator is positive. Thus the integrand
is negative and so the value of the integral will be negative. R1AG
[1 mark]

−1
13b. Express the function f (x) −1 [6 marks]
= x+ x2
in partial fractions.

Markscheme
−1 −1 B
x+ x2
= (1+x)x
≡ A
1+x
+ x
M1M1A1

⇒ −1 ≡ Ax + B(1 + x) ⇒ A = 1, B = −1 M1A1
−1 1 −1
x+ x2
≡ 1+x
+ x
A1

[6 marks]

13c. Use parts (a) and (b) to show that ln (1 + t) − ln t < ln 2. [4 marks]

Markscheme
t
∫
1 −1
1
1+x
+ x
dx = [ln (1 + x) − ln x]t1 = ln (1 + t) − ln t − ln 2 M1A1A1

Hence ln (1 + t) − ln t − ln 2 < 0 ⇒ ln (1 + t) − ln t < ln 2 R1AG

[4 marks]

4x−5
Let f (x) = x2−3x+2
x ≠ 1, x ≠ 2.

14a. Express f(x) in partial fractions. [6 marks]

Markscheme
4x−5 B
f (x) = (x−1)(x−2)
≡ A
x−1
+ x−2
M1A1

⇒ 4x − 5 ≡ A (x − 2) + B (x − 1) M1A1
x=1⇒A=1 x=2⇒B=3 A1A1
1 3
f (x) = x−1
+ x−2
[6 marks]

( )
14b. Use part (a) to show that f(x) is always decreasing. [3 marks]

Markscheme
f ′ (x) = −(x − 1)−2 − 3(x − 2)−2 M1A1
This is always negative so function is always decreasing. R1AG
[3 marks]

14c. 0 [4 marks]
∫
Use part (a) to find the exact value of −1 f(x)dx, giving the answer in
the form ln q, q ∈ Q .

Markscheme
0
∫
−1
x
1
−1
+ x
3
−2
dx = [ln |x − 1| + 3 ln |x − 2|]0−1 M1A1
4
= (3 ln 2) − ( ln 2 + 3 ln 3) = 2 ln 2 − 3 ln 3 = ln 27 A1A1
[4 marks]

2x+6
Let f (x) = x2+6x+10
, x ∈ R.

15a. Show that f (x) has no vertical asymptotes. [3 marks]

Markscheme
x2 + 6x + 10 = x2 + 6x + 9 + 1 = (x + 3)2 + 1 M1A1
So the denominator is never zero and thus there are no vertical asymptotes.
(or use of discriminant is negative) R1
[3 marks]

15b. Find the equation of the horizontal asymptote. [2 marks]

 Markscheme
x → ±∞, f (x) → 0 so the equation of the horizontal asymptote is y = 0
M1A1
[2 marks]

15c. 1 [3 marks]
∫
Find the exact value of 0 f (x) dx, giving the answer in the form
ln q, q ∈ Q.

Markscheme
1
∫ 1
2x+6 17
0
x2+6x+10
dx = [ln (x2 + 6x + 10)]0 = ln 17 − ln 10 = ln 10
M1A1A1

[3 marks]

2x2−5x−12
Let f (x) = x+2
, x ∈ R, x ≠ −2.

16a. Find all the intercepts of the graph of f (x) with both the x and y axes. [4 marks]

Markscheme
x = 0 ⇒ y = −6 intercept on the y axes is (0, −6) A1
−3
2x2 − 5x − 12 = 0 ⇒ (2x + 3) (x − 4) = 0 ⇒ x = 2 or 4 M1

intercepts on the x axes are ( −3

2 , 0) and (4, 0) A1A1

[4 marks]

16b. Write down the equation of the vertical asymptote. [1 mark]

 Markscheme
x = −2 A1
[1 mark]

16c. As x → ±∞ the graph of f (x) approaches an oblique straight line [4 marks]

asymptote.
Divide 2x2 − 5x − 12 by x + 2 to find the equation of this asymptote.

Markscheme
6
f(x) = 2x − 9 + x+2
M1A1

So equation of asymptote is y = 2x − 9 M1A1

[4 marks]

x2−10x+5
Let f (x) = x+1
, x ∈ R, x ≠ −1.

17a. Find the co-ordinates of all stationary points. [4 marks]

Markscheme
(2x−10)(x+1)−(x2−10x+5)1
f ′ (x) = M1
(x+1)2

f ′ (x) = 0 ⇒ x2 + 2x − 15 = 0 ⇒ (x + 5) (x − 3) = 0 M1
Stationary points are (−5, − 20) and (3, − 4) A1A1
[4 marks]

17b. Write down the equation of the vertical asymptote. [1 mark]

 Markscheme
x = −1 A1
[1 mark]

17c. With justification, state if each stationary point is a minimum, maximum [4 marks]
or horizontal point of inflection.

Markscheme
Looking at the nature table

M1A1

(−5, − 20) is a max and (3, − 4) is a min A1A1

[4 marks]

In an arithmetic sequence, u2 = 5 and u3 = 11.

18a. Find the common difference. [2 marks]

Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
eg 11 − 5, 11 = 5 + d
d=6 A1 N2
[2 marks]

18b. Find the first term. [2 marks]

 Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
eg u2 − d, 5 − 6, u1 + (3 − 1) (6) = 11
u1 = −1 A1 N2
[2 marks]

18c. Find the sum of the first 20 terms. [2 marks]

Markscheme
correct substitution into sum formula
20 20
eg 2 (2 (−1) + 19 (6)), 2 (−1 + 113) (A1)
S20 = 1120 A1 N2
[2 marks]

Let g (x) = px + q, for x,p,q ∈ R,p > 1. The point A (0,a) lies on the graph of g.
Let f (x) = g −1 (x). The point B lies on the graph of f and is the reflection of
point A in the line y = x.

19a. Write down the coordinates of B. [2 marks]

Markscheme
B (a, 0) (accept B (q + 1, 0)) A2 N2
[2 marks]

The line L1 is tangent to the graph of f at B.

1
19b. Given that f ′ (a) = ln p
, find the equation of L1 in terms of x, p and q.[5 marks]
Markscheme
Note: There are many approaches to this part, and the steps may be done in
any order. Please check working and award marks in line with the
markscheme, noting that candidates may work with the equation of the line
before finding a .

FINDING a
valid attempt to find an expression for a in terms of q (M1)
g (0) = a, p0 + q = a
a = q+1 (A1)

FINDING THE EQUATION OF L1

EITHER
attempt to substitute tangent gradient and coordinates into equation of
straight line (M1)
eg y − 0 = f ′ (a) (x − a) , y = f ′ (a) (x − (q + 1))
correct equation in terms of a and p (A1)
1
eg y−0= ln(p)
(x − a)
OR
attempt to substitute tangent gradient and coordinates to find b
1
eg 0= ln(p)
(a) +b
−a
b= ln(p)
(A1)

THEN (must be in terms of both p and q)

1 1
y= ln p
(x − q − 1) , y = ln p
x − q+1
ln p
A1 N3
1
Note: Award A0 for final answers in the form L 1 = ln p
(x − q − 1)

[5 marks]

A
19c. The lineL2 is tangent to the graph of g at A and has equation [7 marks]
y = (ln p) x + q + 1.
The line L2 passes through the point (−2, − 2).
1
The gradient of the normal to g at A is .
ln( 13 )

Find the equation of L1 in terms of x.

 Markscheme
Note: There are many approaches to this part, and the steps may be done in
any order. Please check working and award marks in line with the
markscheme, noting that candidates may find q in terms of p before finding a
value for p.

FINDING p
valid approach to find the gradient of the tangent (M1)
1
eg m1 m2 = −1, − 1 , − ln ( 13 ) , − 1
= 1

ln( 1/3 )
ln p ln( 1/3 )

correct application of log rule (seen anywhere) (A1)

−1
eg ln( 13 ) , − (ln (1) − ln (3))
correct equation (seen anywhere) A1
eg ln p = ln 3, p = 3

FINDING q
correct substitution of (−2, − 2) into L2 equation (A1)
eg −2 = (ln p) (−2) + q + 1
q = 2 ln p − 3, q = 2 ln 3 − 3 (seen anywhere) A1

FINDING L1
correct substitution of their p and q into their L1 (A1)
1
eg y= ln 3
(x − (2 ln 3 − 3) − 1)
1 1
y= ln 3
(x − 2 ln 3 + 2) , y = ln 3
x − 2 lnln3−2
3
A1 N2

1
Note: Award A0 for final answers in the form L 1 = ln 3
(x − 2 ln 3 + 2).

[7 marks]

Let g (x) = x2 + bx + 11. The point (−1,8) lies on the graph of g.

20a. Find the value of b. [3 marks]

 Markscheme
valid attempt to substitute coordinates (M1)
eg g (−1) = 8
correct substitution (A1)
eg (−1)2 + b (−1) + 11 = 8, 1 − b + 11 = 8
b=4 A1 N2
[3 marks]

20b. The graph of f (x) = x2 is transformed to obtain the graph of g. [4 marks]

Describe this transformation.

Markscheme
valid attempt to solve (M1)
−4
eg (x2 + 4x + 4) + 7, h = 2 , k = g (−2)
correct working A1
eg (x + 2)2 + 7, h = −2, k = 7
−2
translation or shift (do not accept move) of vector ( ) (accept left by 2
7
and up by 7) A1A1 N2
[4 marks]

11
Consider ( )= 11! .
a a! 9!

21a. Find the value of a . [2 marks]

 Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
eg 11 − a = 9, 11!
9!(11−9)!
a=2 A1 N2
[2 marks]

21b. Hence or otherwise find the coefficient of the term in x9 in the [4 marks]
11
expansion of (x + 3) .

Markscheme
valid approach for expansion using n = 11 (M1)
11 11 11
eg ( ) x11−r 3r , a11 b0 + ( ) a10 b1 + ( ) a9 b2 + …
r 1 2
evidence of choosing correct term A1
11 11 11
eg ( ) 32 , ( ) x9 32 , ( ) 32
2 2 9
correct working for binomial coefficient (seen anywhere, do not accept
factorials) A1
11
eg 55, ( ) = 55, 55 × 32 , (55 × 9) x9 , 11×10
2 ×9
2
495 A1 N2
Note: If there is clear evidence of adding instead of multiplying, award A1 for
the correct working for binomial coefficient, but no other marks. For example,
55x9 × 32 would earn M0A0A1A0.
Do not award final A1 for a final answer of 495x9 , even if 495 is seen
previously. If no working shown, award N1 for 495x9 .
[4 marks]

′ 2 2
 Consider the function f , with derivative f ′ (x) = 2x2 + 5kx + 3k2 + 2 where
x,k ∈ R.

22a. Show that the discriminant of f ′ (x) is k2 − 16. [2 marks]

Markscheme
correct substitution into b2 − 4ac (A1)
eg (5k)2 − 4 (2) (3k2 + 2), (5k)2 − 8 (3k2 + 2)
correct expansion of each term A1
eg 25k2 − 24k2 − 16, 25k2 − (24k2 + 16)
k2 − 16 AG N0
[2 marks]

22b. Given that f is an increasing function, find all possible values of k. [4 marks]

Markscheme
valid approach M1
eg f ′ (x) > 0, f ′ (x) ⩾ 0
recognizing discriminant < 0 or ⩽ 0 M1
eg D < 0, k2 − 16 ⩽ 0, k2 < 16
two correct values for k/endpoints (even if inequalities are incorrect)
(A1)
eg k = ±4, k < −4 and k > 4, |k| < 4
correct interval A1 N2
eg −4 < k < 4, −4 ⩽ k ⩽ 4
Note: Candidates may work with an equation, then write the intervals with
inequalities at the end. If inequalities are not seen until the candidate’s final
correct answer, M0M0A1A1 may be awarded.
If candidate is working with incorrect inequalitie(s) at the beginning, then gets
the correct final answer, award M0M0A1A0 or M1M0A1A0 or M0M1A1A0 in
line with the markscheme.
[4 marks]

3
 A small cuboid box has a rectangular base of length 3x cm and width x cm, where
x > 0. The height is y cm, where y > 0.

The sum of the length, width and height is 12 cm.

23a. Write down an expression for y in terms of x. [1 mark]

Markscheme
y = 12 − 4x A1 N1
[1 mark]

The volume of the box is V  cm3.

23b. Find an expression for V in terms of x. [2 marks]

Markscheme
correct substitution into volume formula (A1)
eg 3x × x × y, x × 3x × (12 − x − 3x) , (12 − 4x) (x) (3x)
V = 3x2 (12 − 4x) (= 36x2 − 12x3 ) A1 N2

Note: Award A0 for unfinished answers such as 3x2 (12 − x − 3x).

[2 marks]

23c. Find dV . [2 marks]

dx
 Markscheme
dV = 72x − 36x2 A1A1 N2
dx
Note: Award A1 for 72x and A1 for −36x2 .
[2 marks]

23d. Find the value of x for which V is a maximum. [4 marks]

Markscheme
valid approach to find maximum (M1)
eg V ′ = 0, 72x − 36x2 = 0
correct working (A1)
−72±√722−4⋅(−36)⋅0
eg x (72 − 36x) , 2(−36)
, 36x = 72, 36x (2 − x) = 0
x=2 A2 N2
Note: Award A1 for x = 2 and x = 0.
[4 marks]

23e. Justify your answer. [3 marks]

Markscheme
valid approach to explain that V is maximum when x=2 (M1)
eg attempt to find V ′′ , sign chart (must be labelled V ′ )
correct value/s A1
eg V ′′ (2) = 72 − 72 × 2, V ′ (a) where a < 2 and V ′ (b) where b > 2
correct reasoning R1
eg V ′′ (2) < 0, V ′ is positive for x < 2 and negative for x > 2
Note: Do not award R1 unless A1 has been awarded.
V is maximum when x = 2 AG N0
[3 marks]
23f. Find the maximum volume. [2 marks]

Markscheme
correct substitution into their expression for volume A1
eg 3 × 22 (12 − 4 × 2), 36 (22 ) − 12 (23 )
V = 48 (cm3) A1 N1
[2 marks]

2x−4
Consider f (x) = , − 1 < x < 1.
x2−1

24a. Find f ′ (x). [2 marks]

Markscheme
attempt to use quotient rule (or equivalent) (M1)
(x2−1)(2)−(2x−4)(2x)
f ′ (x) = A1
(x2−1)2
−2x2+8x−2
=
(x2−1)2
[2 marks]

24b. Show that, if f ′ (x) = 0, then x = 2 − √3. [3 marks]

 Markscheme
f ′ (x) = 0
simplifying numerator (may be seen in part (i)) (M1)
⇒ x2 − 4x + 1 = 0 or equivalent quadratic equation A1

EITHER
use of quadratic formula
4±√12
⇒x= 2 A1

OR
use of completing the square

(x − 2)2 = 3 A1

THEN
x = 2 − √3 (since 2 + √3 is outside the domain) AG

Note: Do not condone verification that x = 2 − √3 ⇒ f ′ (x) = 0.

Do not award the final A1 as follow through from part (i).

[3 marks]

For the graph of y = f (x),

24c. find the coordinates of the y-intercept. [1 mark]

Markscheme
(0, 4) A1
[1 mark]

24d. show that there are no x-intercepts. [2 marks]

 Markscheme
2x − 4 = 0 ⇒ x = 2 A1
outside the domain R1
[2 marks]

24e. sketch the graph, showing clearly any asymptotic behaviour. [2 marks]

Markscheme

A1A1

award A1 for concave up curve over correct domain with one minimum point
in the first quadrant
award A1 for approaching x = ±1 asymptotically
[2 marks]

24f. Show that 3 1 2x−4 [2 marks]

x+1
− x−1
= x2−1
.
 Markscheme
valid attempt to combine fractions (using common denominator) M1
3(x−1)−(x+1)
A1
(x+1)(x−1)
3x−3−x−1
= x2−1
2x−4
= x2−1
AG

[2 marks]

24g. The area enclosed by the graph of y = f (x) and the line y = 4 can be [7 marks]
expressed as ln v. Find the value of v.
 Markscheme
f (x) = 4 ⇒ 2x − 4 = 4x2 − 4 M1
1
(x = 0 or) x = 2 A1

1
area under the curve is ∫0 2
f (x) dx M1
1
3 1
= ∫0 2
x +1
− x −1
dx
Note: Ignore absence of, or incorrect limits up to this point.

1
= [3 ln |x + 1| − ln |x − 1|]0 2
A1

= 3 ln 32 − ln 12 (−0)
= ln 27
4
A1
1 1 1
area is 2 − ∫0 f (x) dx or ∫0 4 dx − ∫0 f (x) dx
2 2 2
M1

= 2 − ln 27
4
2
= ln 427e A1

(⇒ v = 4 e2
27
)

[7 marks]

25. Given that ∫ ln k e2x dx = 12, find the value of k. [6 marks]

0
 Markscheme
1 2x
2e seen (A1)
attempt at using limits in an integrated expression
([ 12 e2x ]0 = 12 e2 ln k − 12 e0 )
ln k
(M1)
2
= 12 eln k − 12 e0 (A1)
Setting their equation = 12 M1
Note: their equation must be an integrated expression with limits substituted.
1 2 1
2 k − 2 = 12 A1

(k2 = 25 ⇒) k =5 A1
Note: Do not award final A1 for k = ±5.
[6 marks]

2
26. A and B are acute angles such that cos A = 3
and sin B = 13 . [7 marks]

2√2 4√5
Show that cos (2A + B) =− 27
− 27
.
 Markscheme
attempt to use cos (2A + B) = cos 2A cos B − sin 2A sin B (may be seen
later) M1
attempt to use any double angle formulae (seen anywhere) M1
attempt to find either sin A or cos B (seen anywhere) M1

⇒ sin A (= √1 − 49 ) =
2 √5
cos A = 3 3
(A1)

⇒ cos B (= √1 − )
1 1 √8 2√2
sin B = 3 9
= 3
= 3
A1

cos 2A (= 2 cos2 A − 1) = − 19 A1
4√5
sin 2A (= 2 sin A cos A) = 9
A1

cos (2A + B) = (− 19 ) ( )− ( ) ( 13 )
2√2 4√5
So 3 9

2√2 4√5
=− 27
− 27
AG
[7 marks]

Consider the equation z 4 = −4, where z ∈ C.

27a. Solve the equation, giving the solutions in the form a + ib, where [5 marks]
a, b ∈ R.
 Markscheme
METHOD 1

|z| = √4
4
(= √2) (A1)
π
arg (z1 ) = 4
(A1)
first solution is 1 + i A1
valid attempt to find all roots (De Moivre or +/− their components) (M1)
other solutions are −1 + i, −1 − i, 1 − i A1

METHOD 2
z 4 = −4
(a + ib)4 = −4
attempt to expand and equate both reals and imaginaries. (M1)
a4 + 4a3 bi − 6a2 b2 − 4ab3 i + b4 = −4
(a4 − 6a4 + a4 = −4 ⇒) a = ±1 and (4a3 b − 4ab3 = 0 ⇒) a = ±b
(A1)
first solution is 1 + i A1
valid attempt to find all roots (De Moivre or +/− their components) (M1)
other solutions are −1 + i, −1 − i, 1 − i A1

[5 marks]

27b. The solutions form the vertices of a polygon in the complex plane. Find [2 marks]
the area of the polygon.

Markscheme
complete method to find area of ‘rectangle' (M1)
=4 A1
[2 marks]

2 R th
28. Consider the function f (x) = x e2x , where x ∈ R. The nth derivative of [7 marks]
f (x) is denoted by f (n) (x).

Prove, by mathematical induction, that f (n) (x) = (2n x + n2n−1 ) e2x , n ∈ Z+ .

Markscheme
f ′ (x) = e2x + 2xe2x A1
Note: This must be obtained from the candidate differentiating f (x).
= (21 x + 1 × 21−1 ) e2x A1
(hence true for n = 1)

assume true for n = k: M1

f (k) (x) = (2k x + k2k−1 ) e2x

Note: Award M1 if truth is assumed. Do not allow “let n = k”.
consider n = k + 1:
f (k+1) (x) = d ((2k x + k2k−1 ) e2x )
dx

attempt to differentiate f (k) (x) M1

f (k+1) (x) = 2k e2x + 2 (2k x + k2k−1 ) e2x A1

f (k+1) (x) = (2k + 2k+1 x + k2k ) e2x

f (k+1) (x) = (2k+1 x + (k + 1) 2k ) e2x A1

= (2k+1 x + (k + 1) 2(k+1)−1 ) e2x

True for n= 1 and n = k true implies true for n = k + 1.
Therefore the statement is true for all n (∈ Z+ ) R1
Note: Do not award final R1 if the two previous M1s are not awarded. Allow
full marks for candidates who use the base case n = 0.

[7 marks]

2
29a. Write 2x − x2 in the form a(x − h)2 + k, where a, h, k ∈ R. [2 marks]

Markscheme
attempt to complete the square or multiplication and equating coefficients
(M1)
2x − x2 = −(x − 1)2 + 1 A1
a = −1, h = 1, k = 1
[2 marks]

3
29b. 1 [5 marks]
Hence, find the value of ∫ 12 dx.
2 √ 2x− x2

Markscheme
use of their identity from part (a) (∫
3
1
1
2
dx) (M1)
2 √1−(x−1)2
3 1
= [arc sin (x − 1)] or [arc sin (u)]− 1
2
1
2
A1
2 2

Note: Condone lack of, or incorrect limits up to this point.

= arc sin ( 12 ) − arc sin (− 12 ) (M1)
π
= 6
− (− π6 ) (A1)
π
= 3
A1
[5 marks]

30a. Given that cos 75∘ = q, show that cos 105∘ = −q. [1 mark]
 Markscheme
cos 105∘ = cos (180∘ − 75∘ ) = −cos 75∘ R1
= −q AG
Note: Accept arguments using the unit circle or graphical/diagrammatical
considerations.
[1 mark]

In the following diagram, the points A, B, C and D are on the circumference of a

circle with centre O and radius r. [AC] is a diameter of the circle. BC = r,
∧ ∧
AD = CD and A B C = A D C = 90∘ .

30b. ∧ [3 marks]
Show that B A D = 75∘ .

Markscheme
∧
AD = CD ⇒ C A D = 45∘ A1
∧
valid method to find B A C (M1)
∧
for example: BC = r ⇒ B C A = 60∘
∧
⇒ B A C = 30∘ A1
∧
hence B A D = 45∘ + 30∘ = 75∘ AG
[3 marks]
30c. By considering triangle ABD, show that BD2 = 5r2 − 2r2 q√6. [4 marks]

Markscheme
AB = r√3, AD = (CD) = r√2 A1A1
applying cosine rule (M1)
2 2
BD2 = (r√3) + (r√2) − 2 (r√3) (r√2) cos 75∘ A1

= 3r2 + 2r2 − 2r2 √6 cos 75∘

= 5r2 − 2r2 q√6 AG
[4 marks]

30d. By considering triangle CBD, find another expression for BD2 in terms [3 marks]
of r and q.

Markscheme
∧
B C D = 105∘ (A1)
attempt to use cosine rule on ΔBCD (M1)
2
BD = 2
r2 + (r√2) − 2r (r√2) cos 105∘

= 3r2 + 2r2 q√2 A1

[3 marks]

30e. Use your answers to part (c) to show that cos 75∘ 1 [3 marks]
= .
√6+√2
 Markscheme
5r2 − 2r2 q√6 = 3r2 + 2r2 q√2 (M1)(A1)

2r2 = 2r2 q (√6 + √2) A1

Note: Award A1 for any correct intermediate step seen using only two terms.
1
q= AG
√6+√2
Note: Do not award the final A1 if follow through is being applied.
[3 marks]

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