Earth and Life Science

Quarter 1 – Module 18:

Hydrometeorological Phenomena
and Hazards
Earth and Life Science – Senior High School
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 18: Hydrometeorological Phenomena and Hazards
First Edition, 2020

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Earth and Life Science
Quarter 1 – Module 18:
Hydrometeorological Phenomena
and Hazards
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Earth and Life Science for Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode
(ADM) Module on Hydrometeorological Phenomena and Hazards!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators
both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:
Welcome to the Earth and Life Science Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)
Module on Hydrometeorological Phenomena and Hazards!
The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.

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 Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the nature of Earth and Life Science. The scope of this module permits it to
be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the
standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
The module has one lesson:
• Lesson 1 – Hydrometeorological Phenomena and Hazards

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify places in the Philippines that are prone to hydrometeorological hazards
like tropical cyclones, monsoons, floods, or ipo-ipo using hazard map; and
2. explain why it is important to identify places that are prone to
hydrometeorological hazards.

What I Know

Directions. Read the following questions and choose the letter of the correct
answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What is the highest signal number can be found on PAG-ASA’s revised storm
earning system?
A. 3 C. 7
B. 5 D. 9
2. What is the English term for bagyo?
A. storm C. thunderstorm
B. typhoon D. tropical depression
3. Which of the following is NOT included in the group?
A. flood C. typhoon
B. tornado D. tsunami
4. What is described as the region of the calmest weather at the center of
tropical cyclone?
A. eye C. eye wall
B. inner bands D. epicenter

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5. What do you call to the cyclones occurring in the North Atlantic Ocean?
A. typhoon C. hurricanes
B. tornado D. thunderstorm

6. When does the Southwest Monsoon usually occur in the Philippines?

A. March - May C. October - March
B. July - December D. June – September

7. What is the main cause of tornadoes?

A. Floods C. Hurricanes
B. Thunderstorm D. Tropical Storm

8. Which among the following is the MOST damaging result of a tropical

cyclone?
A. Rain C. Flood
B. Storm surge D. High winds

9. What year did typhoon Haiphong land in the Philippines?

A. 1881 C. 1867
B. 1991 D. 2013

10. Which region in the Philippines is the most exposed to tropical cyclones?
A. Region I C. Region III
B. Region V D. Region XI

11. Which of the following reasons makes Pampanga the province that is most
prone to flood?
A. low lying area C. facing towards the sea
B. highly populated D. composed of mountains

12. Which of the following places of is LEAST likely at risk for typhoon?
C. Albay C. Batangas
D. Cagayan D. Sorsogon

13. What makes BICOL region prone to typhoon?

A. facing towards the Pacific Ocean C. has lots of rivers
B. composed of mountains D. low lying areas

14. If you would like to settle to a province that is least prone to typhoon and
flood, which among the following provinces will be a good option?
A. Albay C. Maguindanao
B. Tarlac D. Negros Oriental

15. What year did typhoon Yolanda landed in the Philippines?

A. 2000 C. 1988
B. 2013 D. 2016

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Lesson
Hydrometeorological
1 Phenomena and Hazards
The Philippines has a tropical and maritime climate. Annually, the country is
visited by an average of 20 typhoons, five to nine of which are highly destructive.
The Philippines is situated in the Pacific typhoon belt thus, the country is highly
prone to hydrometeorological hazards. Oftentimes, multiple hazards occur
simultaneously.

What’s In

Previously, we learned that geologic processes cause different hazards such as

earthquakes, volcanic eruption and landslides. These has caused unimaginable
impact to people and their properties. Being situated in in the tropics, the
Philippines is found to be more exposed and vulnerable to hydrometeorological
hazards compared to other countries. Philippines is also a tropical country with
only wet and dry seasons.

Activity 1: Find Me
Directions. Locate and encircle words that are related to human activities that
speed up or trigger landslides. Terms can be found horizontally, vertically,
diagonally or even backward.

P M S H P O L L U T I O N P K
I N I E S J V Z W F R Q U I Y
H O X N P S U J Z C U T Z P O
G I O X Z O U H E L E J H V Z
I T M G K H L Q Z M N M E Q F
S A F I W B M S I Q E R E U R
L V M T S S W R V T L Z C A L
Z A T A X M F L C O Z T Y R N
I C Y L I K W U A A E I K R S
D X M N I E Q D O H N I H Y Y
J E O Z K E I F Y Y I E U I N
Y O A U C N T P I M I N I N G
U S S P G Q K C G D N A L G Q

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 E E W P G U X B Z X I D I V J
E K G Q M D Q S T G B U I W D

Notes to the Teacher

This module will help you to understand the concept about
geologic processes and hazards. All parts are consisting of
different activities. Be guided with the instruction on how will you
answer each. Expectedly you will meet the target at the end of the
module.

What’s New

Activity 2: Decode Me

Directions. Presented below is a crossword puzzle. Using the jumbled letters as

clues, rearrange them to decipher a term that fits in the corresponding boxes
across and down.

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 1
2
3
4
5

Across Down

3. IOP-IPO 1. RHAZASD
5. CIATRLPO SELCONYC 2. OSOSONMN
6. DGTHRUO 4. KRIS
7. SLDFOO

What is It

Hydrometeorological hazards

They are brought by extreme meteorological and climate phenomena that includes
tropical cyclones, thunderstorms, tornado (ipo-ipo) drought, and floods.

Tropical cyclones
Tropical cyclones are known in various names depending on the country where you
live. In the Western North Pacific around the Philippines, Japan, and China the
storms are known as typhoons, while in the North Atlantic Ocean and the Eastern
North Pacific they are referred to as hurricane. Here are the top five destructive
typhoons to ever hit the country: Typhoon Haiphong (1881), Typhoon Haiyan
(Yolanda) (2013), Tropical storm Thelma (Uring) (1991), Typhoon Bopha (Pablo)
(2012), and Typhoon Angela (1867).

Monsoons
A monsoon is a seasonal wind and rains pattern, and the word “monsoon” believed
to be originated from the Arabic word mawsim (season), via Portuguese and the
Dutch monsun. There are two known monsoons in the Philippines that occur every
year: Summer Southwest (Habagat) and Winter Northeast Monsoon (Amihan).

1. Amihan: brings cloudless skies and nippy mornings during the dry seaso n
(October to late March)

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 2. Habagat: brings heavy rains and some deadly typhoons (June to
September)

Floods
Flood is as an abnormal progressive rise in the water level of a stream that may
result in the over-flowing by the water of the normal confines of the stream. A flood
can vary in size, speed of water, and duration.

Tornado (Ipo-ipo)
A tornado is a narrow, violently rotating column of air that extends from a
thunderstorm to the ground. The main cause of tornadoes are thunderstorms
though tornadoes are not common in the Philippines, still it can occur at any time
of the year.

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Northern Luzon, Southeastern
Luzon and Eastern Visayas are
the areas highly at risk to the
occurrence of tropical
depressions, tropical storms,
typhoons and super typhoons.

Did you know?

Typhoon Haiphong in 1881, ranks
as number one deadliest typhoon
that crossed the Philippines.

Haiyan (Yolanda) in 2013 is

known as deadliest typhoon in
modern year.

Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, Tarlac, and

Bulacan provinces make Region III as the
most exposed region in the country to
tropical cyclones.

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 What’s More

Activity 3: Identify me
Directions. Familiarize yourself with the hazard map from previous page and
answer the following questions.
1. Identify the places in the Philippines that are both prone to typhoons and
floods. Justify your answers.
2. What is the importance of using hazard map?

What I Have Learned

Activity 4: Complete me

Directions. Read the following statements. Complete them by filling in the blanks
with the correct term or phrases.
1. Seasonal wind and rain pattern phenomena are referred as ___________.
2. In average, ____ typhoons visited Philippines every year.
3. In the Philippines, tropical cyclones are popularly known as ____________.
4. In 1988 the deadliest typhoon ever hit in the Philippines is __________.
5. The most flood-prone province in the Philippines is ______________.

What I Can Do

Activity 5: Hazard identification

Directions. Identify the situation that put humankind at risk on the following
locations:
1. Home
2. Classroom
3. Community (e.g. barangay, municipality or provinces)

The answer must be something similar to this:

In the community: mining and quarrying may speedup landslides

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 Assessment

Directions. Read the following questions and choose the letter of the correct
answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What is the name of the deadliest typhoon ever hit the Philippines in 1881?
A. Uring C. Angela
B. Thelma D. Haiphong

2. What monsoon brings cloudless skies and nippy mornings during the dry
season?
A. easterlies C. winter northeast
B. summer southwest D. low pressure area

3. What are the two seasons in the Philippines?

A. wet and dry C. summer and winter
B. hot and cold D. autumn and spring

4. Which of the following is the MOST exposed region in the country to tropical
cyclones?
A. Region I C. Region III
B. Region II D. Region IV

5. What ocean is located in the eastern part of the Philippines in which most
typhoons are originated?
A. Arctic C. Pacific
B. Indian D. Atlantic

6. Which of the following is an EXCEPTION on the variation of flood?

A. size C. speed
B. color D. duration

7. Which of the following is NOT a hydrometeorological hazard?

A. cyclone C. monsoon
B. typhoon D. tsunami

8. What is the highest category in the typhoon warning signal system in the
Philippines?
A. 2 C. 4
B. 3 D. 5

9. What is the usual movement of typhoon that is coming from the Pacific
Ocean?
A. northwest C. southern
B. southwest D. northern

10. Which among the following provinces has high risk to typhoons?
A. Albay C. Sorsogon
B. Masbate D. Pampanga

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 11. Which among the following provinces has low risk in flood?
A. Tarlac C. Marinduque
B. Bulacan D. Maguindanao

12. What makes Palawan an ideal province to live in relation to

hydrometeorological hazard?
A. high risk in typhoon but low risk in flood C. low risk both in typhoon and
flood
B. low risk in typhoon but high risk in flood D. high risk both in typhoon and flood

13. Which of the following is MOST likely be affected by typhoon originated from
the West Philippine Sea and is moving northeast?
A. Albay C. Zamboanga
B. Palawan D. Negros Occidental

14. Why is the Philippines frequently visited by typhoon all year-round? Because
it is
A. highly populated C. located near the Pacific Ocean
B. composed mostly of islands D. near the western hemisphere

15. Samer would like to settle to a province that is LEAST prone to typhoon and
flood, which among the following provinces will be a good option?
A. Albay C. Palawan
B. Tarlac D. Pampanga

Additional Activities

Activity 6: Interview me
Directions. Read and answer the following.
1. Have you ever experienced any form of hydrometeorological hazards such as
tropical cyclones, monsoons, floods and ipo-ipo? How did you feel? What did
you do during and after the situation?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. If you have never experienced any form of hydrometeorological hazards, look

for someone who was able to witness and experience it first-hand. Ask them
their feelings and thoughts during and after the hazard event. Also, ask
them the things they did during and after the scenario.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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 11
What’s In What I have Learned Additional activities
Activity 1 Activity 4 Answers may vary among
students
1. Monsoons
Possible answers 2. 20 Assessment
3. Hydrometeorological
Mining, Land use, 4. Haiphong 1. D
excavation, quarrying, land 5. Pampanga 2. C
pollution and overloading 3. A
slopes. What’s more 4. C
5. C
What I Know Activity 3 6. B
1. B 7. D
Pampanga, Nueva Ecija and 8. D
2. B Tarlac 9. A
3. D 10. A
4. A 11. C
5. C What’s New 12. C
6. D 13. B
7. B Activity 2 14. C
8. B Across 15. C
9. A 3 ipo-ipo
What Can I Do
10. C 5 tropical cyclones
11. A 6 drought Activity 5
12. C 7 floods
13. A Answers may vary among
14. D Down students
15. B 1 hazard
2 monsoons
4 risk
Answer Key
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
References

Puerto Galera Yacht Club, Inc. 2020. “Amihan habagat | Northeast Monsoon |
Southwest Monsoon.” May 24, 2020. https://www.pgyc.org/monsoon-
weather.php

UNTV News. 2020. “PAGASA explains occurrence of tornado in Manila.” UN TV

News and Rescue, August 18, 2016. Accessed May 24, 2020.
https://www.untvweb.com/news/mayor-isko-pinabulaanan-ang-ulat-na-
hard-lockdown-sa-buong-maynila/

Gonzales, James. 2018. “The 10 Worst Typhoons to Ever Hit the Philippines.”
Accessed May 25, 2020. https://daydreaminginparadise.com/the-10-worst-
typhoons-to-ever-hit-the-philippines/

The Manila Observatory.2005. “Mapping Philippine Vulnerability to Environmental

Disasters.” Accessed May 18, 2020.http://vm.observatory.ph/hazard.html

Fores, Marydel Mitch. 2017. “Top 15 Strongest Typhoons to hit in the Philippines.”
Accessed May 25, 2020. https://faq.ph/top-15-strongest-typhoons-to-hit-in-
the-philippines/

Dizon, Joyce. (2020). “Hydrometeorological Hazards Quizlet.” Accessed May 26,

2020. https://quizlet.com/174973340/hydrometeorological-hazards-flash-
cards/

The State of Queensland. (2020). “Take the floods quiz.” Accessed May 26, 2020.
https://www.chiefscientist.qld.gov.au/publications/understanding-
floods/floods-quiz

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