1 Personally Speaking

Reading: multiple-choice, identifying key information

Vocabulary: emotion-related words, transforming words
Grammar: present simple & present continuous, present perfect simple & present
perfect continuous
Listening: multiple-choice, highlighting key words
Speaking: talking about free-time activities, answering personal questions,
linking words, time expressions, tenses
Use your English: ph rasal verbs, prepositions, completi ng gapped texts
Writing: informal letter 1 email, using the correct tone, planning your response

---

Snowboarder doing
a 360° jump through
the air
 12.t~IAJt V1f1
A Choose one of these emotions and,
using facial expressions and body
language, try to communicate it to
your partner.
disgust tear happiness
sadness anxiety

Can you guess how people are

feeling from their body language? neurosdentist: a scientist who
studies the brain and nervous
8 Now read the text to find out how system
neuroscientists are studying the study: a particular piece of research
way fear spreads. automatic: done without thinking,
instinctively
neutral: neither positive nor
negative
motor: relating to muscles, nerves
and parts of the brain that control
movement
mechanism: a part of your
behaviour which helps you deal
with a difficult situation -

emotional part of the brain and action is strongerthan the

link between the visual part of the brain and action, viewing
fearful body expressions may create an automatic response
to fear.
'When we talk about how humans communicate, we always
talk about things like language,' said Beatrice de Gelder,
the neuroscientist who led the study. 'But just like in the
animal world, we also communicate through our bodies
without our conscious minds being much aware of it.'
Unlike earlier studies, which concentrated on the way
the brain reacted to still images of facial expressions, the
experiment which de Gelder and her tea m carried out
aimed to prove that fearful body posture can create fear in
observers. Since previous studies had used still images, the
scientists decided to use stills from video clips. Participants
had their brains scanned while they were shown video
stills of actors who were showing fear. For example, in one
situation, they had just opened a door to find an armed
robber waiting for them. They were also shown in neutral
situations; pouring a glass of water or combing their hair.
In each case, though, the actors' faces were blocked out
so that the participants viewing them could only react
to their body posture and not to any facial expressions.
The results showed that when participants saw fearful
images, the emotional part of the brain was active as well
as regions of the brain connected to motor processes that
are responsible for movement. There was a lot more going
lt has long been known that fear spreads quickly from on in the brain than when the neutral images were shown.
person to person. However, until recently, neuroscientists These only activated the visual areas of the brain.
believed that this fear was communicated mainly through The response to fear appears to be quite automatic, and
facial expressions. Now a new study has shown that body this is commonly seen in the animal kingdom. lf a flock of
language m ay be just as important as facial expressions birds has been feeding on the ground and one is frightened
for communicating fea r. lt shows that fearful body by something and takes off, the others immediately follow.
postures are processed in the emotional part of the brain lt is an extremely important evolutionary mechanism
and lead to an automatic response. Body postures that because any bird left behind may become prey. Something
do not communicate fear are processed differently, in similar happens with humans. At a fearful moment, humans
the visual part of the brain. Since the link between the like animals need to be ready to react quickly because t hey
6
 C Rea d the Exam Close-up. Then underline the key
words in t he sentence ste ms in the Exam Task below. Ex a m up
ldentifying key i nformation
O Now complete the Exam Task.
Exam Task • With multiple-choice sentences, read
the sentence stems first and und erline
For questions 1 - 6 choose the answer (a, b, e or d) which fits the key words.
best according to the text.
• Then, find a section in the text which
1 Scientists have recently discovered that fear matches the underlined key words in
a is expressed in the body as much as the face. each sentence stem.
b is more strong ly expressed in the face t han t he body. • Finally, read the answer options
e is mainly expressed in t he body. carefully and check them against
d creates an automatic response in others. the sections of the texts to find the
2 The automatic response to fearful postures comes from the correct answer.
part of the brain that processes
a visual images.
b emotions. 5 The study showed that neutral and fearful body
e language. postures
d facial expressions. a are processed d iffere ntly by t he human brain .
3 According to de Gelder b create similar responses in the human brain.
a humans communicate mainly through spe ech. e create automatic responses in humans.
b humans do not realise they are using body language. d are similar in all animals.
e humans think body language is unimportant. 6 The automatic response to fear
d humans can control their body language. a is always the same in animals and humans.
4 De Geld er's study d iffered fro m previous ones in that b is responsible for people adopt ing different

• a it used still images .

b it used images of the fa ce and body.
e it showed images of the body.
body postures.
e is the result of carefu l evaluation of a
dangerous situation.
d it used moving images. d developed as a way to escape danger.

E Complet e the se ntences below with these words.

carry out communicate evaluate focus process react
1 lt took a moment for the winners to to t he news.
2 lt is hard to the psychological damage caused by wars.
3 Even without a common language, people find ways to - - - - - - - - - -
4 Human brains and computers - - - - - - - - - - information differently.
5 Neuroscientists want to tests to find out what happens when people laugh.
6 In orde r to be successful. teache rs need to o n t heir body language.

are given only a fraction of a se cond to evaluate the situation.

lf a fire breaks out, for instance, people quickly adopt the
body postura of those close to them. However, o ur reaction
to danger is sometimes slowed down as we try to rationalise
fear by asking o urselves whether there is a reason to react.
So far, neuroscientists have fo cussed on showing pe ople stills
from videos, but they are now interested in finding out what
happens in the brain when humans watch moving images.
Teams of neuroscientists around the world, including de
Gelder's, are carrying out studies in which the participants'
brains are scanned while they are watching fi lms.
This enab les scient ists to study how e motional actions are
based o n movement.
In t he future , such research may be used in the building of
robotic human companions that would be able to perceive,
decide, communicate and react as humans do.

Do you like watching scary films with other people? Ideas Focus
Why? 1 Why not?
How does your body respond to being afraid?
 1 Personally Speaking
A Complete the phrases about feelings with the correct prepositions.
at in on out under with
1 The paín of my broken leg was so bad that 1 was _ __ __ agony.
2 Just of curiosity, would you mínd telling me what he's like?
3 The thríller was so excítíng that we were the edge of
our seats.
4 Herbert was so surprised when he saw me that he was _ _ _ _ _ a loss
for words.
5 lt was regret that the manager announced the company was
closíng.
6 1 don't líke your cousín Cara at all; she really gets my skinl

8 Replace the words in bold with the following words.

amazement anxiety confidence disgust fury joy misery shame
1 The chíldren's happíness was obvious when they were given the new computer.
2 He couldn't control his anger when he saw the damage to his car.
3 James looked up at the world's tallest skyscraper in total surprise.
r 4 Knowíng that many people live in poverty caused Mandy great sadness.
J
5 Martín experíenced great worry when hís beloved pet went míssíng.
6 1 know she'll succeed; she has a lot of belief in her abílities.
7 She looked at the man who had thrown his rubbish in the street wíth dislike.
8 Henry was overcome by embarrassment when the teacher caught him cheatíng.

C Complete the sentences with the correct word from each pair.
affect 1 effect
1 Her words had a strange _ _ __ _ _ _ on me.
Exa m up
2 Don't Jet hís unkind words _ __ _ _ ___ you. Transforming words
• Before completíng the sentences, create
alone /lonely a word fami ly for each of the words gíven
3 Samantha really doesn't mínd living _ _ _ __ __ in the task. What is the no un, the adjective,
the adverb?
4 Humphrey often feels - - -- - - - - i n hís
huge house. • Then think about which form best fits in the
gap in each sentence.
express 1 convey
• Remember to check the spelling of all
5 Please - -- -- - - - my apologíes to Celia. the words you have written when you
6 Sam fínd s ít díffícult to - - - - -- - hímself. have finished.
• You will lose marks íf any of your words are
D Read the f xam Close-up and complete the fxam spelled incorrectly!
Taskbelow.

Exaro Task
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in capitals.
1 Cesar was when he saw the boy kick the dog. DISGUST
2 Beíng lost in the forest was a experience for Joe. FRIGHT
3 Anne couldn't hide her when her son received the award. PRO UD
4 Helen had studied hard and felt about her exam results. OPTIMISM
5 Elderly people who live alone often suffer from . LONELY
6 The chíldren were very about going to the beach. ENTHUSIASM
7 Dan expressed his by slamming the door as he left. ANNOY
8 Violet's mum was amazed by her to help with the housework. EAGER

8
1
 . ~

Present Simple & Present

Continuous
A Read and mark the Present Simple
sentences with PS and the Present
Continuous sentences with PC.

1 She's getting more and more worried

about her health. _
2 We're going to the science museum
nextweek. _
3 Helen lives in the city centre. _
4 In the photo, two people are
arguing._
5 The adult human brain weighs about
1.3 kilograms. _
6 What are yo u looking at? _
7 He's always telling me what to do! _
8 The psychology lecture is at O Circle the correct form of the verb.
12 o'dock. _
9 1 visit my elderly grandparents every
Approximately 10% of the people that (1) read 1 are reading
weekend. _
this now are left-handed. That's right, 13% of all human beings
10 This week, we're studying the nervous are left-handed. Sorn e scientists (2) believe 1 are believing
system. _ left-handedness is a t rait that parents (3) pass 1 r~re rassing on to
11 Melissa scores another goal! _ their children in a particular gene. lf yo u (4) have 1 are having that
gene, one or more of your children may be left-handed.
8 Match the Present Simple sentences Left-handed people (5) tend 1 are tending to be more creative
in A with the uses below. than right-handers, and we (6} find 1 are finding more left-
handers than normal in creative professions such as music and
a scíentific facts and general truths D the arts. The reason f or this can be found in the brain. The
b permanent situations D b rain (7) works 1 is working in very complex ways, and scientists
e habits and repeated actions o (8) discover 1 are discovering more and more about it every day.
d t imetabled and scheduled events D The left side of the brain, which is responsible for logical skills,
e narratives (stories, jokes, plots, {9} controls 1 is controlling the right -handed side of the body.
The right side of the brain, where creativity occurs, is in charge
sports commentaries, etc) D of the left-handed side of the body. This (1 O) makes 1 is making
e Match the Present Continuous left-handers more creative than right -handers.
sentences in A with the uses below.
a something happening now D
b temporary situations D E Complete the sentences using the Present Simple or the
Present Continuous of the verbs in brackets.
e p lans for the future D
d annoying habits (with always, 1 Grandma, (you 1 bake) a cake? lt
continua/ly, forever, etc) D (smell) delicious!
e changing situations (often used 2 Yo u (look) very serious. What
with comparatives) D (you 1 think) about?
f what is happening in a p icture D 3 (want) to ask you something.
(you /like) scíence?
.,..:) Grammar Focus pp.161 & 162 4 (have) trouble with this maths problem.
(1.1to1.3) (not understand) it at all!
5 Jack (seem) stressed. He
(work) too hard these days.
6 Fay (not come) to the cliffs with us. She
(have) a fear of heights.
7 Who (talk) to Tom? 1
(not recognise) her.
8 'Why (they 1 run)?' 'Because a lion
(chase) them!'
9
 1 Personally Speaking
L\ s-t-ev¡ tVJf1
A Listen to the reco rd ing and tick (.!) the correct B Look at the s ituations and options below.
sentence, a or b, in each ítem that means the same Then listen to the recording and write an
as the sentence you hear. appropriate question for each one.
1 a lt's strange he freaked out at the competition. D 1 You will hear a boy speaking to his mother.
b lt's weird he didn't turn up fo r the competition. O
a washing the dishes
2 a Cheer up! D b watering the p lants
b Cohcentrate! D e emptying the dishwasher
3 a There. isn't any logical reaso n for his behaviour. D 2 You will hear a head teacher speaking to a
b 1 can explain his behaviour. D student.
4 a 1 was absolutely terrified by the film. D a the number of absences the student has had
b 1 was really disappointed by the film. D b the student's inability to concentrate
e the student's poor academic results

C Read the Exam Close-up and underline

the important words in the Exam Task. Ex a m up
Hlghllghtlng key words
D Now complete the Exam Task. • Read the multip le-choice questions first. ldentify who is
talking and the topic they are talking about.
Exam Task • Read the questions and underline the key words.
• Then read the answer options and think about the meaning
You will hear peop le talking in six different of any key words. Try to think about other words whích
situations. For questions 1 - 6, choose the may mean the same thing, for example 'severe' could be
best answer, a, b o r c. expressed also as 'extreme'.
1 You hear a woman talking about a phobia • Remember, only one option will answer the question!
she has. How does she describe her fea r?
a severe
b irrational
e ernbarrassing
2 You hear a man talking about his driving test.
What is he anxious about?
a crashing the car
b failing the test
e not turning up for the test
3 You hear a woman talking about horror
films. What is her opinion of the film she saw
last night?
a lt was very amusing .
b lt was very scary.
e lt was over-rated.
4 You hear a woman talking to her daughter.
Why is she talking to her?
a to convey her annoyance
b to cheer her daug hter up
e to express a lack of confidence in her
daughter's abilities
5 You overhear two people talking on a p lane. 6 You hear a man talking about living alone. How does he feel
Why is the man disappointed? when he comes home at night?
a He didn't expect to be so uncomfortable. a lonely
b He dislikes the food on the plane. b frightened
e He feels confused. e peaceful

E Swap books with a partner and listen to the recording again to check each other's questions.
Are your answers the same?

~· 10
A Work in pairs and make questions
from the prompts below.
1 What 1 you 1 usually 1 do 1
every afternoon?
2 What 1 most 1 interesting place 1 yo u 1
visit?
3 Which time 1 year 1 you 1 like best?
4 lf 1 you/ learn 1 something new 1 what 1
it 1 be?
5 How much time 1 you 1 spend 1 online?
6 you 1 do 1 anything interesting 1
last weekend?
7 you 1 ever 1 use 1 your English 1
on holiday?
8 What kind 1 job 1 you 1 like 1 do 1 in the
future?

8 Match t he questions in A with the

tapies shown in t he pictures.

e 1.4 Listen to five students answering

the q uestions in A. Whit;h questions do
t hey each answer?

I Useful Expressions
Linking words
l like watching films and music programmes.
1 don 't have much time, so 1usually...
1haven't travelled much, but l'd like to in the future.
1didn 't do anything last weekend, because 1had to ...
Time expressions
First 1have lunch, then do my homework and
afterthat...
Tenses
We usually finish school at five o'clock.
Exa m up
lf 1could visit anywhere in the world, l'd go to ... Answering personal questions
l've been studying a lot recently, so 1haven 't done • At the start of the exam, the examiner
any travelllng. will ask you personal questions about
Last wlnter 1went to... and ... different tapies.
• Try to answer with a few short sentences.
D U Read the Useful Expressions. Then listen again Always try to give examples or reasons for
and answer the questions below. your answers.
• Listen carefully to the questions and decide
Which student(s) ...
what verb tenses you need, e.g. present,
a answer the question with full sentences? past, present perfect, future or conditional.
b use linking words to connect their ideas.
• Try to use linking words and time expressions
Which ones do they use?
to connect your ideas.
e use time expressions to sequence a series of events?
Which ones?
d only answer with very short sentences and repeat words?
e give examples or reasons to explain their ideas?

E Read the Exam Close-up. Work with a partner. Take turns to ask and answer the
questions in A. Try to expand on your answers and give examples or reasons.
Use the Useful Expressions to help you.

00
• Do you usually feel anxious befare an exam? [ Ideas Focus )
Why? 1 Why not?
• Have you everfelt disappointed, happy or proud?
When? And why?
11
 Present Perfect Simple & Present
Perfect Continuous
A Tick (.f) the sentences that use the Present
Perfect Simple and cross (X) the sentences that
use the Present Perfect Continuous.
1 Nigel's eyes are sore because he's been
reading all morning. o
2 lt's the first time 1 have seen Mark so angry. o D Circle the correct words.
3 She's been studying neuroscience for 1 Have you ever had 1 Have you ever been having a
three years. o terrifying experience?
4 Chuck has been sick; that's why he looks 2 1 feel really down. lt's rained 1 lt's been raining all day!
so pale. o 3 Kate and 1 haven't spoken 1 haven't been speaking
for a long time.
5 A bomb has exploded in downtown
Springfield. o 4 Of course l'm angry! l've waited 1 l've been wait ing
6 l've been thinking about my future. o for you since 10 o'dock!
7 You've asked me that question twice already. o S l'm very sorry, but 1 haven't finishcd 1 havcn't been
finishing my report.
8 We haven't seen her since she moved away. o 6 This is the first time 1 have visited 1 have been visiting
New York and it's so exciting!
B Complete the rules with the correct tense name.
Weusethe _______________ E Complete t he questions with the correct form
a for something that happened in the past, but has of the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect
a result in the present. Continuous of the verb s in brackets.
b for an action that happened severa! times or 1 What's all this mess? What
repeatedly in the past. (you 1 do) all morning?
e with superlatives and expressions the
2 (you 1 finish) cooking your
firstlsecond time.
omelette yet?
d for something that happened atan indefinite
3 Where (Kim 1 be)? 1
time in the past.
e for an action that started in the past and (look) for her all afternoon.
continues up to the present with for, since and 4 How long (they 1 study) English?
stative verbs. 5 Sorry l'm late. (you 1 wait) long?
6 (Karen 1 make) up her mind
We use the - - ------------ about the new job?
f for a long action that has just finished and has an
effect in the present. F Complete the dialogue with one word in each gap.
g to emphasize how long something has been
happening usually with for and since. Kate: Have yo u (1) won a lottery
h for a recent or unfinished continuous action. prize?
Su e: A lottery prize? No l've (2) won
C Read the sentences and answer the question anything. Have you?
for each sentence. Kate: Yes. In fact, l've (3) collected
my prize money. A hundred pounds! Shall we
Where is Pam now? celebrate?
1 Pam's gane to her friend's house. Su e: Yes, please! That sounds fantastic.
2 Pam's been to her friend's house. Kate: OK then. How about dinner at Sayonara?
Have you (4) been there?

1 Be careful
We use time expressions with the Present Perfect
e tenses. Some are used at the end of a question or
Su e: No, 1haven't eaten there (5) --- - - ---
In fact, 1 haven't been out anywhere
(6) ages.
negative sentence like yet, before and late/y. So me Ka te: Why not?
appear after the subject of a sentence or question like Sue: l've been studying really hard (7) ___ __ __
sti// and ever, while others are used befo re the m~ in and 1(8) haven't
verb in the sentence like just, already and never. finished revising for exams.
Kate: You need a break! Come on, let's go. 1 haven't
.,.:> Grammar Focus pp.162 & 163
(1.4to1.6) eaten (9) this morning and
l'm starving!
2
Use "fDCAr eVlti)liSVl
Phrasal verbs
A Match the phrasal verbs to their meanings.
1 bottle up o a feel better
2 burst into o b stop being angry or excited
3 calm down o e not express your feelings
4 cheer up o d show sudden e motion
S chicken out o e be too scared to do something
6 freak out o f suddenly feel shocked or become angry

8 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the phrasal verbs in A.
1 Yo u shouldn't your feel ings; now, tell me what's wrong.
2 1 was going to go bungee jumping, but then 1 _ _ _ _ _ __
3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _! Things will be better tomorrow, l'm sure of it.
4 1 really - - - - - - - when 1 saw that huge spider in the bathroom!
5 The little boy tears when his favourite toy broke.
6 Please and tell me what happened.

Prepositions
C Complete the sentences with these prepositions.
for in on to
1 Loneliness can sometimes lead _ _ _ _ _ severe depression.
2 Most people respond fear in the same way.
3 Her research concentrated how we express emotions.
4 Happiness is closely connected personal satisfaction.
S Yo u are responsible _ __ _ _ your own happiness and success.
6 Try to focus the positive things in your life.

O Read the Exam Close-up. Then read the Exam Task

below and identify the type of word which is missing Exa m up
from each gap.
Completing gapped texts
E Now complete the Exam Task. • Read the text first to get a general
understanding .
.ExamTask • Check each gap and look carefully at the
For questions 1 -8, read the text below and think of a word words which come before and after.
which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. • Decide what type of word is missing, e.g. a
verb, a noun or a preposition and complete
What are you afraid of?
the gap.
A phobia (1) a strong and irrational fear of
• Remember to read the complete text again
a situation, activity or thing that is not actual! y dangerous. to make sure it all makes sense and you have
There are many specific p hob ias. So me of the completed the gaps correctly.
(2) common are acrophobia (fear of heights)
and claustrophobia (fear of closed-in places). Social phobia
is excessive fear of being in social situations such as speaking (3) public or
meeting new people. This particular p hobia (4) have disastrous effects on
personal and work relationships. Other common phobias involve tu nnels, water, flying and
animals. People with phobias t ry to (5) what they are terrified of. lf they cannot,
they may become anxious and fearfu l, and experience a rapid heartbeat, difficulty breathing,
shaking and an uncontrollable desire to get away. (6) it is not treated, a phobia
can become so bad t hat the person's (7) is seriously affected. In fact, people
(8) failed in school and lost jobs while trying to cope with a severe p hobia.

13
 1 Personally Speaking

Using the correct tone

When you are writing a letter oran emall, yo u must make
su re that you use the correct tone. For example, an email toa
friend will be Informa l, but a letter of application for a job wíll be
formal. You can achieve an informal tone in the followíng ways:
• use contracted forms instead of long forms, e.g. l'd like
... instead of 1would like .... Do not use text message
style abbreviations. They are informal, but inappropriate.
• use punctuation such as exclamation marks to show
surprise, excitement or enthusiasm, e.g. No wayl
1couldn't believe it! He was hilarious!
• use a chatty style and less formallanguage, e.g. 1bet
New York is great. You have to te/1 me ALL about it!
• use a friendly tone at the beginning and end,
e.g. Hi, how are you? Lots of /ove ... , Take ca re.

A Which are formal and which are informal? Write F or l.

1 Unfortunately, we cannot attend. _ _ 6 Thank you kindly for your email. _ _
2 Hop~ lo hear from you soon. __ 7 1am very grateful for your help. _ _
3 However, 1 would not recommend it. __ 8 C U L8er _ _
4 Oh well, you can't have everything! __ 9 lt was great to hear from you! __
5 Anyway, how about visiting? _ _ 10 Got any advice for me? __

B Read the writing task. What does Tom w ant to know?

How many quéstions do you have to answer?

You have received an email from your English-speaking friend.

1haven't heard from you in ages! What's been happening with you? Do
you like your new town? Te/1 me about your new school. What's it like?
Have you made any friends there? 1can't wait to hear al/ about it.
Write soon, Tom

Write your reply to this email. (140-190 words)

C Read the example email and complete it with sorne of the phrases from A.
email

From: Emma Smith Sent: 21st May Subject: Helio

HiTom
(1) l'm glad you're well and enjoying university. lt sounds like fun, but don't forget to study!
l'm well, thanks. Getting ready for my music exams, yo u know, so l'm a bit stressed at the moment.
As for this town, 1really like it. lt's like a postcard with its beautiful o ld-style streets and buildings. Plus, it's by the sea.
The bad news is it's full of tourists in the summer! (2) - -- -- -- - -
The local school is good and 1like my teachers, but 1miss my old school and 1haven't made any friends yet. You know
how shy 1am! 1really need to make sorne friends, but how? (3) - -- - - -- --
(4) We live close to the beach so summer would be a great time to come. Water sports are
really popular here. Maybe we could go skiing or surfing!
(5) _ _ __ _ __
Emma

14
D Read t he example email again. Wh ich of the
statements about Emma are true and which are false?
Write T (true) or F (false).
1 She isn't well beca use she is taking exams. _
2 There is something she doesn't like about her town. _
3 She has a good social life. _
4 She gives Tom some advice. _
S She invites Tom to visit her. _

E Read t he example email again and answer the questions.

1 Has Emma answered all of Tom's questions?
2 Are her answers in the same order as the questions
Tom asked?
3 Are Emma's answers in distinct paragraphs?
4 How has Emma achieved an informal tone? Underline
examples in the email.

F Read the Useful Expressions and complete the

emai l below.

(l ) _ _ _ _ Sam! Useful Expressions

Greetings Asking for advice
(2) _ _ _ __ for your email. lt was really great to Hi 1 Helio, What would yo u do?
(3) from you. lt was great to hear from you. Howcan 1 ••• ?
Thanks for your email/letter. Making suggestions
l'm (4) , thanks. (5) _ _ __
Asking for news Why don't you ... ?
haven't written, but l've been very (6) _____
How have yo u been? Howabout ... ?
with school and my part-time job. 1 never seem to What's been happening Maybe we could .. .
have any free time these days! with you? Let's .. .
Givingnews Signingoff
(7) don't we get together after my
l'm well, thanks. Take care.
exams next month7 l'd lave to see you l l've been really busy with ... Bye fornow.
Surry l hdven't wrilten ... All the be~t.
(8) _ _ _ _ for now,
As for ... Looking forward to
seeing you.
Amy
Hope to hear from you soon.

G Read t he Exam Close-up and then complete the Exam Task below.
Think about the lan guage and st ructures you need to achieve an
informal t one. Remember to begin and end in a friendly way. Use
t he Useful Expressions to help you.

ExamTask
You have received an email from your English-speaking
Exa m up
friend. Planning your response
• When you write an informal letter or email in the
/'ve final/y finished my exams! 1think 1did OK, but
exam, remember to make a paragraph plan befare
/'m not sure. What about you? How were your you start.
exams? Are there any subjects you 're worried
about? How did you cope with the stress? 1 • Make sure you include answers t o all t he questions
in the letter you are responding to.
thought 1was going to go crazy! Anyway, Jet me
know how you're doing. • Remember to read your letter and check it carefully
befare you finish.
Write soon, Jim

Writ e your reply to this email. (140-190 words)

15
 Before you watch
A Match the words to t h e meanings.
1 the art of producing beautiful handwriting
a portrait
using a brush ora special pen D
2 a person who has cometo live in a country b cultural ambassador
from some other country D
" 3 a painting or drawing of a particular person D e immigrant
4 somebody who represents the ideas, customs
and arts of their country D d calligraphy

While you watch

B Watch the video clip and decide if t hese st atement s ar e true or false. Write T for true and F for f alse.
1 About eight million people live in the multicultural city of New York. D
2 Ming's mother taught him calligraphy and painting. D
3 When Ming first worked in New York he drew landscapes for tourists. O
4 The New York Chinese Cultural Centre runs a programme at Public School 36 in Harlem. O
S Children have the opportunity to have contact with people from other backgrounds through the programme. O
6 Ming believes he also helps children learn about people from China. O
After you watch
C Comp lete the summary of t he video clip below using t hese words.
artist benefits cosmopolitan differences ethnicity introduces

The (1) city of New York has many immigrant

communities. Artists there use their cultural (2) _ _ _ _ _ __
Teacher helping
to learn from each other. Mingliang Lu, who was born in Shanghai,
student learn
but moved to the USA in 1990, is one of these artists. callígraphy
Ming learned calligraphy and painting from a young age. When he
went to America he worked on the street, drawing and painting
portraits of (3) . But this was a hard way to make
a living. He now works for the New York Chinese Cultural Centre
programme. He teaches art to children at Public School 36 in Harlem.
The programme (4) both Ming and the children.
Ming (S) in the field he has been trained for and
the children learn first hand about Ming's cultural background.
The children regard Ming as their teacher from China. But Ming looks
beyond (6) and just sees them as pupils who
want to learn how to paint.
Ming is both a(n) (7) and a cultural ambassador.
His art opens a door to a new world for t hese children. He tea ches
Chinese painting and calligraphy to the children and at the same
time (8) them to Chinese culture.

0
[ Ideas Focus J . Would you like to be a cultural ambassador for your
country? Why? 1 Why not?
• What do you think are the advantages of living in a
cosmopolitan city?
• How can we learn about other people's cultures?
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