T1 &T2 DORMITARY

BUILDING SANITARY
DESIGN REPORT

nigussie.h.silassie
7/29/2021
 T1 &T2 DORMITARY BUILDING SANITARY DESIGN REPORT

Table of Contents
1. DESIGN STANDARDS ................................................................................................................ 3
2. MATERIAL SELECTION ............................................................................................................... 3
3. WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM DESIGN ............................................................................................ 3
3.1DESIGN OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ..................................................................... 3
3.1.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ...................................................................................... 3
3.2 RATE OF FLOW ................................................................................................................... 4
3.3 PIPE SIZING .......................................................................................................................... 5
3.3.1 TABULAR METHOD OF PIPE SIZING ...................................................................... 6
3.3 GROUND AND ELEVATED DOMESTIC AND FIRE FIGTHING WATER TANK .............. 9
3.3.1 DOMESTIC WATER TANK CAPACITY DETERMINATION .......................................... 9
3.3.2 ELEVATED WATER TANK ............................................................................................ 10
3.3.3 FIRE FIGTHING WATER RESERVIOR .......................................................................... 10
3.3.3.1 DESIGN OF HOSE REEL SYSTEM ............................................................................ 10
4. WASTE WATER DRAINAGE ..................................................................................................... 11
4.1 DETERMINATION OF PIPE SIZE FOR WASTE WATER .................................................... 11
4.2 DETERMINATION OF PIPE SIZE AND GRADIENT ..................................................... 12
4.2.1 MINIMUM GRADE OF DRAIN ................................................................................. 13
5. ROOF WATER DRAINAGE ................................................................................................... 16
5.1 DOWN PIPE SIZE DETERMINATION ............................................................................. 17
6.0 WASTEWATER MAHOLE AND SEPTIC TANK ...................................................................... 21
6.1 MANHOLE AND INSPECTION CHAMBER ....................................................................... 21
6.2 .SEPTIC TANK DESIGN ....................................................................................................... 21
ANNEX .......................................................................................................................................... 22
REFERENCE ................................................................................................................................. 27

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 T1 &T2 DORMITARY BUILDING SANITARY DESIGN REPORT

1. DESIGN STANDARDS

The water supply and drainage services design of this project is based on Ethiopian building code
standard for plumbing services of buildings [ES:3960] and ERA drainage manual.

2. MATERIAL SELECTION

The type of equipment and material proposed for the plumbing services shall take the following
into account.

 Fit for intended use

 Ease of maintenance

 Efficiency

 Cost

3. WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM DESIGN

3.1DESIGN OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

3.1.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

1) The sizes of the pipes and fittings used in a water service shall be such that will provide an
adequate rate of delivery of water without recourse to wasteful over sizing.

2) The installation shall be sized so that design flow rates given in Table 4.8(ES: 3960,2015)
shall be available at each outlet when only that outlet is open and at all outlets for most of the
time. The pipes and fittings shall also be sized so that the water velocity in any pipe does not
exceed those given in Table 4.11. (ES: 3960, 2015)

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3) (a) In small, simple installations such as those in small dwellings, it is often possible to
size pipes on the basis of experience and convention.

(b) In all other cases, the pipe sizes shall be calculated in accordance with good engineering
practice.

4) The amount of either hot or cold water used in any building is variable, depending on the
type of occupancy and time of day. Optimum pipe sizes shall be designed to meet peak
demand.

5) All premises intended for human habitation, occupancy, or use shall be provided with
supply of potable water. This water supply shall not be contaminated with unsafe water
sources, nor shall it be subject to the hazards backflow.

6) Plumbing fixtures, devices and appurtenances shall be provided with water in sufficient
volume and at pressures adequate to enable them to function properly and without undue noise
under normal conditions of use.

7) The system shall be designed, installed and adjusted to use the optimum quantity of water
consistent with proper performance and cleaning.

8) The system shall be designed and installed with safety devices to safeguard against dangers
from contamination, explosion, overheating, etc.

3.2 RATE OF FLOW

1) Pipes and fittings shall be sized so that the flow rates for individual draw-offs are equal
to the design flow rates shown in table 4.8 . (ES: 3960, 2015) and during simultaneous
discharges the minimum flow rates shall be maintained on each tap

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Outlet fitting Design Minimum Loading

flow rate flow rate units
(l/s) l/s
WC flushing cistern 0.13 0.05 2
single or dual flush –
to fill in 2 minutes
WC trough cistern 0.15 per WC 0.1 2
Wash basin tap size 0.15 per tap 0.1 1.5-3
½ DN 15
Bath tap, nominal 0.2 hot or cold 0.1 3
size ¾ DN 20
Shower head (will 0.30 0.2 5
vary with type of
head
Sink tap, 0.60 0.40 3
nominal size ½ DN 15 0.20 hot or cold 0.15
0.15 0.10
Sink tap, nominal size 0.004 per position 0.002 -
3/4 DN 20 served

(2) Loading units should not be used for outlet fittings having high peak demands, e.g. those in
industrial installations. In these cases use the continuous flow.

(3) BS 6700 does not give loading units for sink tap DN 20 or pressure flushing valve for WCs
or urinals.

3.3 PIPE SIZING

Pipe sizes shall ensure adequate flow rates at appliances and avoid problems that lead
(1) Over-sizing that shall cause
a) Additional and unnecessary installation costs;
b) Delays in obtaining hot water at outlets;
c) Increased heat losses from hot water distributing pipes.
(2) Under-sizing that shall cause:

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a) Inadequate delivery from outlets and possibly no delivery at some outlets during
simultaneous use;
b) Some variation in temperature and pressure at outlets, especially showers and other
mixers;
c) Some increase in noise levels

3.3.1 TABULAR METHOD OF PIPE SIZING


Water Supply and Distribution
The tabular method uses a work sheet which can be completed as each of the steps is
followed in
the pipe sizing procedure. An example of the method follows with some explanation of each
step.
Explanation of the tabular method
Pipe work diagram
(1) Make a diagram of the pipeline or system to be considered (see Figure 4.11).
(2) Number the pipes beginning at the point of least head, numbering the main pipe run
first, then the branch pipes.
(3) Make a table to show the loading units and flow rates for each stage of the main run.
Calculate and enter loading units and flow rates; see Figure 4.11.
Calculate flow demand
(1) Calculate maximum demand (see Figure 4.11): (ES:3960,2015).
a) Add up loading units for each stage (each floor level);
b) Convert loading units to flow rates;
c) Add up flow rates for each stage.
(2) Calculate probable demand (see Figure 4.11): (ES:3960,2015).
a) Add up loading units for all stages;
b) Convert total loading units to flow rate.

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(3) Calculate percentage demand (number of stages for which frictional resistances need be
allowed). See Figure 4.13(ES:3960,2015).
For the DAB building The water supply system will be from the central water distribution up to
the top floor
WS 1 will cover from ground floor to the 4th floor
WS 1 .
we have 25 wc on WS 1. based on the corresponding fixture numbers of ES:3960,2015.
WC =, and HW=1.5-3, we will take 2.
=(25*2) =50
The total loading units will be converted in to flow rate by using the FIG 4.4 from Es:3960,2015.
from Fig 4.4 the corresponding flow is 0.8l/s. since we got the corresponding flow rate what
remains is to calculate the pipe diameter and residual head as per ES:3960,2015. Since we are
designing a small building we will not consider probable demand.
For the design calculation we are assuming that the residual pressure from the main distribution
system is a minimum of 23m

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Fig WS1 riser

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Equivalent
(7) measured pipe

pipe

Pipe
head

(12)Available head
mm
(1)Pipe reference

(3) Flow rate(l/s)

(11)Progressive
Pipe Length(m)
(2)loading unit

Consumed(m)
velocity(m/s)

(14) Remark
(9)Effective
of
pipe

length(m)

(10)Head

size(mm)
(13)Final
diameter

m/m run

head(m)
(6)Flow

run(m)
(5)loss
(4)

(8)
1 50 0.8 50 0.01 0.6 10 18 28 0.28 0.28 23 45

6 10 0.3 25 0.03 0.65 12 25 37 1.1 1.38 23 25

2 40 0.68 40 0.025 0. 75 3 15 18 0.45 1.83 20 40

7 10 0.3 25 0.03 0.65 12 25 37 1.1 2.93 20 25

3 30 0.58 32 0.025 0.75 3 15 18 0.45 3.38 17 32

8 10 0.3 25 0.03 0.65 12 25 37 1.1 4.48 17 25

4 20 0.45 32 0.03 0.8 3 15 18 0.54 5.02 14 32

9 10 0.3 25 0.03 0.65 12 25 37 1.1 6.12 14 25

5 10 0.3 25 0.03 0.8 3 15 18 0.54 6.67 11 25

The remaining pipe sizes are calculated following the same procedure and the diameter of the
pipe for WS 1 and the pipe diameters are shown on the drawing.

3.3 GROUND AND ELEVATED DOMESTIC AND FIRE FIGTHING WATER

TANK

3.3.1 DOMESTIC WATER TANK CAPACITY DETERMINATION

Since the water supply distribution is from the central water reservoir we will not provide
additional water tank

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3.3.2 ELEVATED WATER TANK

The system will get the water from the central elevated water tank hence we will not require elevated water
tank and

3.3.3 FIRE FIGTHING WATER RESERVIOR

The availability of fire hydrants is essential to fire protection. Hydrants may be used to quell
an initial outbreak of fire, quench a dying fire controlled by an automatic protection system
(e.g. sprinkler system) or provide the sole fire fighting facility ; e.g. after other means ( hose
reels, portable fire extinguishers, e.t.c) have been unsuccessful.
Internal hydrants shall be installed in accessible positions as in the following,
Within a lobby approach stairway where this is provided
In a stairway enclosure
In such other accessible positions as may be agreed with the building official.

3.3.3.1 DESIGN OF HOSE REEL SYSTEM

Find the water requirement for the system
 Determine the pipe size required for the system
 Determine the reservoir capacity needed
 Determine the pump type and capacity
 Show the schematic diagram for the system and prepare detail drawing for one
equipment.

a) Determination of the water requirement for the system

= 2pcs*4l/s*1hr*3600sec
= 28,000litres
=29m³

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Therefore, the water required for one hour fire fighting, two fire hydrants working at a
time is 29m³. but for two hours it will be 58m3
The total capacity of the ground water reservoir has to be adjusted.
Total capacity of ground water reservoir=60m³
Therefore take the capacity of ground water fire fighting reservoir to be 60 m³.
b) Determination of pipe size
Assume v= 3m/sec for suction pipe
d = √ (4*Q)
√ (п*v)
=√ (4*8l/sec*10-3) = 0.058m
√ (п*3m/sec)
Therefore take the diameter of the suction pipe to be 65mm.
Assume v=2m/sec for delivery pipe
d = √ (4*8l/sec*10-3)
√ (п*2m/sec)
= 50mm
Therefore take the diameter of the DELIVERY pipe to be 50mm.
The system will be an extension of the central fire water supply distribution.

4. WASTE WATER DRAINAGE

The waste water coming from the building is collected and will be connected to the existing
sewerage system

4.1 DETERMINATION OF PIPE SIZE FOR WASTE WATER

Discharge pipe sizing shall be made using fixture –unit method by taking the fixture unit
values for sanitary appliances from ES:3960,2015 and choosing the appropriate size from the
same code.

GENERAL

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In the design of any drainage system, the performance criteria which shall be followed are:-

a) Requirements for discharge rates from fixtures;

b) Exclusion of foul air;

c) Limitation of noise;

d) Contaminant of leakage of discharge;

e) Prevention of risk of blockage;

f) Durability of materials;

g) Ease of replacement of materials; and

h) Access for testing and maintenance.

4.2 DETERMINATION OF PIPE SIZE AND GRADIENT

Pipe sizing has been made by fixture unit loading method; but this method numerical value
(fixture units) is assigned to appliances to express their load producing properties. By
assuming partial flow conditions for branch discharge pipes, the maximum number of fixture
units permissible for a given pipe diameter can be stated.

Therefore; the minimum grade of the drain pipe has been taken 2% along the flow
direction. When the pipe slope is selected the following criteria has been considered.

1. self cleansing velocity shall not be less than o.6m/sec;

2. non-scouring velocity shall not be higher than 3m/sec;

3. Eliminate excessive excavation of earth;

FIXTURE UNIT RATING

Fixture Size of Trap Outlet and Fixture Unit Rating
Fixture Discharge Pipe
Shower DN40 or DN50 2

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Sink DN50 1
Water Closet Pan DN100 8
Floor Waste Gully DN50 3

Drinking Fountain DN40 1

Wash Basin DN40 1
/from ES:3960,2015, Table 5.3.3/

4.2.1 MINIMUM GRADE OF DRAIN

The normal minimum grade of unvented and vented drains has been given below:
Nominal size Minimum grade[%]
DN50 2.5
DN65 2.5
DN80 1.65
DN100 1.65
DN150 1.00
DN 225 0.65

The size of any branch vent shall be in accordance with the table below:
Size of branch discharge pipe Size of branch vent
DN40 DN32
DN50 DN40
DN65 DN40
DN80 DN50
DN100 DN50
DN150 DN80
Branch vents ES:3960:2015

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A single vent pipe may be used to ventilate the traps of any two appliances connected in
common, i.e. to the manhole.

 Connection of vent pipe for appliance is between 0.075m and 1.5m from S-trap or
bends.

Pipe sizing has been made by fixture unit method. The minimum grade of drain pipe has been
taken 2% along the flow direction. When the pipe slope is selected the following criteria has
been considered.

Eliminate excessive excavation of earth.

 Self cleansing velocity shall not be less than 0.6m/s.

 Non scouring velocity shall not be greater than 3m/s.

Fixture unit rating (Table 5.2 of E.B.C.S-9)

Fixture Size of trap outlet & Fixture unit rating

fixture discharge pipe

Sink DN 50 1

Water closet pan DN 100 8

Wash basin DN 40 1

 To calculate the pipe size the following procedures have been followed.

For Pipe W1

a) Determine the fixture unit value contributing to the flow.

Taking the probability of the bathrooms we will take 7 for a loading unit of a bath room. If
the bath room is not residential we will assume that all the fixtures will work
simultaneously.

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NUMBER SUM OF TOTAL

FIXTURE OF LOADING LOADING LOADNIG

TYPE FIXTURE UNIT UNIT UNIT( Z )

toilet 20 8 160 160

b) For a fixture unit value of 160 the corresponding flow is read as 5/s from FIG 6.1 of
ES:3960. Increase the flow by 40% i.e. (0.4*4.0) + 4.2= 5.66 The value of 5.66 can be
considered as peak flow.

c) The pipe used is Upvc pipe. The hydraulic roughness of Upvc pipe can be taken as 0.009.

d)Assume diameter of the pipe to be used and slope of the pipe.

Let the diameter of the pipe be 110mm.

Let the slope be 5%.

e) Check whether or not the velocity of minimum 0.6m/s and 3m/s is maintained with the
chosen gradient.

1) Find the full flow velocity first. Using Chezy’s formula

V = c √ (RI)

V = full velocity
R=hydraulic mean depth for partial flow of half depth =(( π * d²)/4 )/ (π * d )=d/4

C= Chezy’s constant I= slope for fail

C = √ (2g/f) f is a constant=0.007

For V full; R= D/4= 0.11/4 = 0.0275

c= √(2*9.81)/0.007 =52.9

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c= 53

Thus, V full = 53√ (0.04*0.05)

V full =2.37m/s <3.0 ok.

2) Secondly find the full flow

Q full = V full * A

A = π * d² = 0.02m
4
Q full = 2.37*0.02
= 0.047m3 /s =47l/s
3) Calculate the flow ratio Q partial/ Q full to find the partial flow velocity and the
proportional depth from table of appendix 2.
Q = 5.32 = 0.11
Q full 47
From appendix E, for Q/ Q full = 0.11
V = 0.62 h = 0.22
V full D

4) Calculate the partial flow velocity and depth of flow from the values obtained in (3) above.

V = 0.62*2.37= 1.46m/s h= 0.16 * 0.22 = 0.0352.

the remaining pipe size calculation is based on the above procedure and the corresponding pipe
diameter is shown on the drawing.

5. ROOF WATER DRAINAGE

To calculate flow rate from roof, rational method is adopted. Rational formula is better to
estimate flow of catchments area less than 50ha (5km²). The rational formula estimates the

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peak rate of at any location in catchments area as a function off the catchment's area, run-off
coefficient, and mean rainfall intensity for duration equal to the time of concentration.
The rate of run-off Q (l/s) can be calculated by the following equation
Q = c*A e*I
3600
Where A e is the effective catchments area in m
I is the rainfall intensity (mm/h) for the minimum average recurrence interval in years and
time of concentration.
c is the run-off coefficient
For roof; c=0.75-1

5.1 DOWN PIPE SIZE DETERMINATION

 The size of circular down pipe/outlet/shall not be less than diameter 65mm
ES:3960,2015 article 7.4.3.6/
 During down pipe size design external factor which might obstruct normal flow of
water considered. Such as:-leaves, bird net and snow will definitely hinder design
flow through down pipe.
 Outlets for gutters should be located, where possible, near to each angle; i.e, where
there is a change in direction of flow.
 Material of the down pipe is uPVC which is durable and easy for installation.
 All exposed down pipes should be painted with UV ray reflective oil paint.
Hence, down pipe size will be calculated as follow;
Calculate the gutter size by assuming the following
 Gutter is not steeper than 1:350.

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 Gutter has uniform cross section.

 The distance between the outlets is less than 100times the diameter of the outlet.
 The width of the rectangular gutter is assumed to be 120mm.
 The gutter discharges freely.
The relationship between discharge and critical depth

Q = 9.9 x 10-5 (Ac) 1/2

( Bc) 1/2
Ac = Yc Bc

Where
Q (l/s)……………… discharge.
Ac (mm²) ………….. Cross-sectional area corresponding to Yc.
Bc(mm)……………..the width corresponding to Yc.
Yc (mm)……………..critical depth.

To design the down pipe we must first calculate the size of the gutter. In order to calculate the
size the following steps must be followed.
a) We need to find the area of the roof, the area of the roof is 277m 2 and 290m2
b) To find the flow Q we must first find the Intensity and to do this we will use the following
table.Clarification. The 1st column is the area in hectare; the second column is run off

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coefficient, The 3rd column is the length, the 4th column is the slope of the site (m/m), the 5th column is the
calculation for To using kirpiches formula, column 6th is Tf is assumed to be 0.008hr or 0.48sec,the 7th column is
Tc calculation which is by adding column 5 and 6.colum 8and 9 are the intensity which are read from the
ACCRA IDF curve for the return period of 5 and 10 year respectively, column 10 is the calculation for Q by
using rational method. the next calculation is for Natural Science building

Total Weighted length Time of

Rainfall
basin average of the concentration Intensity runoff runoff
I,
area runoff basin Slope in hours Time of (mm/hr) for plot for plot
Lc ( of of
As, (ha) coefficient km) (m) Overland Travle Concent. basins basins
flow (T0 Time 10- Qs, Qs, tc in
(Cw) ) ( Tf ) Tc (hr) 5-year year (m3/sec) (L/sec) min
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
0.0277 0.95 28 0.12 0.03 0.008 0.04 140 150 0.01097 10.9 1.1

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c) There are 5 down pipes collecting the storm drain so each gutter has to carry 1/36 of the
total rain water flow =10.97 /5=2.194l/s
d) Assume the width of the gutter ‘B’=250mm,q=1.9lit/sec

Area of gutter near out let ‘A’ = [ ∗ 𝐵]

When substituting A=3250mm2

Depth of flow near out let h=A/B=3250/250 =13mm.
Gutter depth should be double the depth of the outlet +free board(60 to70mm). Therefore the
gutter depth= (2*13) +60=86mm.
e) To find the diameter of the down pipe, we must also check for h/d less than 1/3 so it will
act as a weir.
If acting as weir q=d√ℎ^2)𝑙𝑖𝑡/𝑠𝑒𝑐
5000
From this we can find d=5.05*5000 =168=diameter of outlet.
150

The down pipe diameter=2/3*d= 168*(2/3) =112=110mm.

To check for h/d =25/168 =0.14 should be less than 1/3=0.33, hence its acting as a weir.

Based on the above procedure the down pipe has been sized to be 110mm and it is located on
the Roof plan.

the remaining pipe size calculations are done following the same steps and the diameter of the
down pipe is 110mm.

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6.0 WASTEWATER MAHOLE AND SEPTIC TANK

6.1 MANHOLE AND INSPECTION CHAMBER

Minimum dimensions for inspection chambers & manholes;
Types of access Depth to invert (m) Minimum internal
dimension
Rectangular length & width
(mm)
Inspection chamber or < = 0.6 400 * 400
manhole < = 1.0 DIAMTER 600
< = 1-2.5 DIAMTER 1200
> 2.5 1400 * 900

→ The manholes should be PRECAST MANHOLES FOR

6.2 .SEPTIC TANK DESIGN

The produced wastewater will be connected to the sewerage system hence, septic
tank design will not be required.

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ANNEX

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ANNEX PERCAPITA WATER DEMAND ES:3960,2015

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ANNEX WATER SUPPLY PIPE DIAMTER CALCULATION CHART ES:3960,2015

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ANNEX WASTEWATER FIXTURE TO FLOW CONVERSION CHART FROM

ES:3960,2015

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ANNEX PARTIAL FLOW CALCULATION

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REFERENCE

1. ES:3960 2015
2. Design and Practical hand Book of Plumbing by C R. Mohan
3. ERA design Guide lines

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