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    CH 11 Building Water Supply & Sanitary Installation

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    Mikiyas Aklilu
    Head loss = Velocity x Length x Coefficient Where, Coefficient depends on pipe material and roughness  Check if available head is greater than calculated head loss If not, select next higher diameter and repeat the process The diameter that gives head loss less than available head is the selected diameter Zerihun A.

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    CH 11 Building Water Supply & Sanitary Installation

    Uploaded by

    Mikiyas Aklilu
    19 views38 pages
    Head loss = Velocity x Length x Coefficient Where, Coefficient depends on pipe material and roughness  Check if available head is greater than calculated head loss If not, select next higher diameter and repeat the process The diameter that gives head loss less than available head is the selected diameter Zerihun A.

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    Ch 11 Building Water Supply & Sanitary Installation

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    Head loss = Velocity x Length x Coefficient Where, Coefficient depends on pipe material and roughness  Check if available head is greater than calculated head loss If not, select next higher diameter and repeat the process The diameter that gives head loss less than available head is the selected diameter Zerihun A.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    19 views38 pages

    CH 11 Building Water Supply & Sanitary Installation

    Uploaded by

    Mikiyas Aklilu
    Head loss = Velocity x Length x Coefficient Where, Coefficient depends on pipe material and roughness  Check if available head is greater than calculated head loss If not, select next higher diameter and repeat the process The diameter that gives head loss less than available head is the selected diameter Zerihun A.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 38

    BUILDING WATER SUPPLY

    & CHAPTER 4

    AAiT.SCEE ZERIHUN ALEMAYEHU


    Purpose of WS system
     Provide potable water supply to fixtures from water sources

     For sanitation (toilets, shower/bath and laundry)

     Cooking (kitchen)

     Gardening and

     fire protection
    Types of System
     Direct connection from the main to all fixtures
     Direct connection to overhead tank and then to all fixtures
     Pumped system

    - Direct pumping to fixtures (fire fighting)


    - Pumping from ground/underground/ storage to overhead tank
    then to all fixtures
    Building areas requiring water supply system
    WH

    Hand wash
    basin

    Water closet

    Bath tub
    Hand wash Basin (HWB)
    Water closet (WC)

    Bath tub faucet

    Bath Tub (BT) Shower head (SH)


    Kitchen sink (KS)
    Dish Washer (DW)

    Laundry (LA)
    Urinals (UR)

    Emergency Shower (ESH)

    Eye wash (EW)


    Storage tank /Cistern
     Capacity
    – Likelihood and frequency of supply breakdown
    – Type and use of buildings
    – Number of occupants
    – Recommended min. storage in l/h/d is given in
    4.8 Design of water distribution – system
    1 General requirement: sizing of pipes and fittings
    - Without over sizing
    - To deliver the required design flow rate
    - For simple projects from bases of experience
    and in all other cases with good engineering
    practice.
    - To meet the maximum peak demand
    - To meet the connected plumbing fixtures and
    equipment water demand

    Zerihun A.
    2 Rate of flow
    I. Design flow rate and loading units (Table 4.8)
    II. Shall satisfy the required simultaneous
    discharge
    III. Loading units should not be used for outlet
    fittings having high peak demands, e.g. those
    in industrial installations. In these cases use
    the continuous flow.
    IV. Table 4.8 for WCs and Urinals does not give
    loading units for sink tap DN20 or pressure
    flushing valve

    Zerihun A.
    Table 4.8 Design flow rates and loading units
    Outlet fitting4 Design flow rate Minimum Loading units
    l/s flow rate l/s
    WC flushing cistern single or dual flush – 0.13 0.05 2
    to fill in 2 minutes

    WC trough cistern 0.15 per WC 0.10 2


    Wash basin tap size 1–2 – DN 15 0.15 per tap 0.10 1.5 to 3
    Spray tap or spray mixer 0.05 per tap 0.03 –
    Bidet 0.20 per tap 0.10 1
    Bath tap, nominal size 3–4 – DN 20 0.30 0.20 10
    Bath tap, nominal size 1 – DN 25 0.60 0.40 22
    Shower head (will vary with type of head) 0.20 hot or cold 0.10 3
    Sink tap, nominal size 1–2 – DN 15 0.20 0.10 3
    Sink tap, nominal size 3–4 – DN 20 0.30 0.20 5
    Sink tap, nominal size 1 – DN 20 0.60 0.40 –
    Washing machine size – DN 15 0.20 hot or cold 0.15
    Dishwasher size – DN 15 0.15 0.10 3
    Urinal flushing cistern 0.004 per position 0.002 –
    served
    Pressure flushing valve for WC or urinal 1.5 1.2 –

    Source: BS 6700 Zerihun A.


    Notes:
    (1) Flushing troughs are advisable where likely use of
    WCs is more than once per minute.
    (2) Mixer fittings use less water than separate taps,
    but this can be disregarded in sizing.
    (3) Flow rates to shower mixers vary according to type
    fitted. Manufacturers should be consulted.
    (4) Manufacturers should be consulted for flow rates
    to washing machines and dishwashers for other
    than a single dwelling.
    (5) For cistern fed urinals demand is very low and can
    usually be ignored. Alternatively, use the continuous
    flow.
    Zerihun A.
    3. Sizing procedure for supply pipes
    i) The procedure below is followed by an
    explanation of each step with appropriate
    examples.
    (1) Assume a pipe diameter.
    (2) Determine the flow rate: (Refer fig. 4.4)
    (a) By using loading units;
    (b) For continuous flows;
    (c) Obtain the design flow rate by adding (a) and (b).
    (3) Determine the effective pipe length:
    (Refer fig. 4.5 to 4.7)
    (d) Work out the measured pipe length;
    (e) Work out the equivalent pipe length for fittings;

    Zerihun A.
    (f) Work out the equivalent pipe length for draw-offs;
    (g) Obtain the effective pipe length by adding (d), (e)
    and (f).
    (4) Calculate the permissible loss of head:
    (h) Determine the available head:
    (i) Determine the head loss per meter run through
    pipes (Figure 4.10);
    (j) Determine the head loss through fittings;
    (k) Calculate the permissible head loss.
    (5) Determine the pipe diameter:
    (l) Decide whether the assumed pipe size will give the
    design flow rate in (c) without exceeding the
    permissible head loss in (k).

    Zerihun A.
    Fig. 4.4 Conversion chart - loading unit to flow
    rate

    Zerihun A.
    17
    Fig. 4.5 Example of use of loading units

    Zerihun A.
    Fig. 4.6 Example of measured pipe length

    Zerihun A.
    Fig. 4.7 Examples of equivalent pipe length (using the example from fig. 4.6)

    Zerihun A.
    4 Distribution system in multi-storey building
    1 Direct supply where municipal pressure is adequate
    a) Direct supply to fixtures
    b) Direct supply to elevated water tank
    2 Pumping system, where pressure is not adequate or
    storage is required
    c) Direct pumping from a water main to
    i. Sanitary fixture after water meter
    - Where storage is not required
    - Where the municipal water supply system
    is not affected and approval is obtained
    from water supply authority

    Zerihun A.
    Pumping system…
    b) Direct pumping from water supply
    line to elevated water tank
    c) Pumping from ground reservoir to
    elevated tank
    d) Direct pumping from ground
    reservoir using Hydro- pneumatic
    e) Direct pumping from ground
    reservoir using variable speed
    drive pumps (VSD)

    Zerihun A.
    Zerihun A.
    d) Direct pumping from ground reservoir using Hydro- pneumatic
    system

    Zerihun A.
    5 Residual pressure, pressure regulators, etc
    1 Residual pressure
    a) Min. 5 meters at fixture outlets
    b) Some fixture or equipment require more
    than 5 meter
    2 Excessive water pressure
    - To be regulated
    3 Pressure relief valves
    4 Vacuum relief valves

    Zerihun A.
    Pipe sizing
     Prepare layout of pipes & valves for the rooms requiring water supply installation
    (from source to each fixtures)

     Isolation valve location (ref. Table 3-4, EBCS 9)

    Location for valve


    At water meter Note: criteria for water meter placement
    At each flushing cistern ref: Page 41 EBCS 9)
    Read: - on max. length for pipes for hot water
    At each appliance from heater (Table 3.5)
    At each pumping apparatus - Rec. hot water storage (Table 3.6)
    At each storage tank
    At each branch serving each floor in
    buildings
    Pipe sizing
    Pipe sizing
    Pipe sizing
    Pipe sizing

    3
    5

    2
    4
    For pipe 1-2
    12 wash basins x 0.5 = 6
    10 WCs x 0.5 = 5
    1
    2 urinals x 0.5 = 1 Q=0.25 √ 14=0.935 𝑙/ 𝑠𝑒𝑐
    2 sinks x1 =2
    Total loading units = 14
    wb bath wc

    sink w/m cloaks wc


    First floor

    Ground floor

    main at 3 bar minimum pressure


    Pipe sizing
    Determine the effective pipe length
    Effective length = Measure pipe length + equivalent pipe length

    Table B1, EBCS 9

    15
    Pipe sizing
    Pipe sizing
     Calculate the available head at the point of concern
    Pipe sizing
     Select velocity; Maximum water velocities in pipe work are given in table
    3.8 (EBCS 9) for different water temperature
    Water temperature Maximum water velocity
    (oC) (m/s)
    10 3.0
    50 3.0
    70 2.5
    90 2.0

     Assume a pipe diameter based on selected velocity


     Determine percentage head loss for the
    selected velocity from nomograph and
    multiply by the effective length
    or

     Calculate the head loss in the pipe for


    the determined effective length of pipe,
    discharge and diameter using HW or
    DW

     Then calculate the residual head and if


    it is less than the head required for a
    particular fitting, repeat steps by
    assuming another set of velocity &
    diameter
    • A typical shower will require a minimum of 1m head
    • A basin tap needs 0.5m and
    • A bath tap 0.8m to give a satisfactory discharge.
    Pipe sizing tabulation chart Initial mains head available = __ m

    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

    Desig Assum Head Pipe length (m) Total Vertical Residual Residual Final tube
    Pipe Loadin n flow Velocit drop(+) Availabl head diameter
    e tube loss head head
    reference g units rate y or e head
    diamet (m/m) Actual Effectiv loss (11-9) required (mm)
    (l/s) (m/s) er rise(-) at fitting
    e
    (mm)

    1-2

    2-3

    3-4

    4-5

    5-6

    6-7

    7-8

    5-9

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