Spring 2022

Dr. Hatem Yousry

ELE 432 Systems & Networks

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Dr. Hatem Yousry

Agenda
• Networking.
• Network
Applications.
• Telecommunications

ELE 432 Systems & Networks

Channels.
• Layering

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Abstraction.
• Switched Networks.
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Course Contents
• System Architecture Data-link. Layer.
• Firmware Architecture. • Data-link protocol,
• Framework Architecture. • Basic real-time systems,
• Network Architecture. • some terminology and examples, Languages,
• Internet Architecture. language support and restrictions.
• Network Model Transmission Strategies
• OSI Model. • Stop-and-wait.
• TCP/IP Model. • Sliding window.
• Selective repeat.

ELE 432 Systems & Networks

• Software-Defined Networking (SDN).
• Network Performance and Metrics
• Bandwidth

Dr. Hatem Yousry

• Throughput
• Latency
• Jitter
• Error rate
• Hardware Building Blocks
• Nodes.
• Links. 3
• IEEE 802 standards for local area
networks
Course Objectives
Introduction to
Direct-Link
Computer Medium Access.
Networks.
Networks.

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Multiple Access End-to-End
Internetworking.
techniques. Protocols.

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Applications. 4
Course Outcomes:
Network
Architectures -
Technologies

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Applications Protocols 5
Why Learn about Networking?
• Important part of modern society
• Commercial – e-commerce, banking, inventorying,
telecommunications, archiving, health
• Social – critical infrastructure, homeland security, policing
• Human interaction/communication – email, chat,
videoconferencing, social networking, entertainment

ELE 432 Systems & Networks

• Appears in every facet of engineering
• Modern trend – Network every (electronic) device (computers,

Dr. Hatem Yousry

phones, sensors, planes, cars, TVs, appliances, heart monitors, …)

• Graduate studies
• Many problems remain unsolved
• Research funding is still strong 6
Definition of a Network
• Networking, also known as computer networking, is the practice of
transporting and exchanging data between nodes over a shared
medium in an information system.
• Networking facilitates everything from telephone calls to text
messaging to streaming video to the internet of things (IoT).
• The foundations of networking: switches, routers, and wireless

ELE 432 Systems & Networks

access points. Switches, routers, and wireless access points are the
essential networking basics.

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Definition of a Network
• A system that carries a Services and share Resourses between
2 or more entities.
• Examples: Transportation network, electric grid, postal, water,
telephone
• Computer network: A system that carries information between
2 or more entities, in the form of electric signals

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Transportation Vs. Computer Networks

Transportation Network Computer Network

• Vehicles/People. • Packets/Payload.
• Street address. • IP address
• Intersection . • Bridge/router
• Street, highway, path. • Link/broadband/path

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• Traffic jam. • Network congestion
• Stop and go traffic light. • Flow control

Dr. Hatem Yousry

• Taking alternative path. • Alternative route
• Collision. • Collision of packets
• Lane. • Flow Priority
• Following a route to school. • Routing algorithm
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• …………… • …………
Most commonly known Networks
• Ethernet (LAN) - ADSL – WiFi – Hotspot - 3G/4G.

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What is the Internet?
• It is a network of networks that consists of private,
public, academic, business, and government networks
of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of
e l e c t ro n i c , w i re l e s s , a n d o p t i c a l n e t w o r k i n g
technologies.
• The Internet carries a vast range of information

ELE 432 Systems & Networks

resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext
documents and applications of the World Wide Web

Dr. Hatem Yousry

(WWW), electronic mail, telephony, and file sharing.
• It connects millions of computers together globally,
forming a network in which any computer can
communicate with any other computer as long as they
are both connected to the Internet. 11
 How does the Internet Look Like?

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 Where are we headed?

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What Drives Network Design?
• Applications
• WWW, email, chat, videoconferencing, e-commerce, audio/video
streaming, VOIP, file sharing

• Who deploys the network

ELE 432 Systems & Networks

• Enterprise, government, end-user

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• Where is the network deployed
• Home, building, campus, state, country, continent, globe

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 What Do Users Expect?

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How is Time Spent?

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http://marketingland.com/study-27-of-time-online-in-the-us-is-spent-on-social-networking-40269
Internet of Things (IoT)

ELE 432 Systems & Networks

Dr. Hatem Yousry
i.e. Smart spaces: “A smart space is a physical or digital environment in
which humans and technology-enabled systems interact in increasingly open,
connected, coordinated and intelligent ecosystems. Multiple elements —
including people, processes, services and things — come together in a
smart space to create a more immersive, interactive and automated
experience for a target set of personas or industry scenarios,” Gartner 17
explained. Examples include smart cities, digital workplaces, smart homes
and connected factories.
Blockchain and Cybersecurity
• Blockchain Technology is
defined as a decentralized
distributed ledger system
which is used to record data
transactions across multiple
computers.

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 Blockchain and Cybersecurity

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Dr. Hatem Yousry

Blockchain and Cybersecurity
• Blockchain is a system in which a record of transactions made in
bitcoin or another cryptocurrency are maintained across several
computers that are linked in a peer-to-peer network.

• Cybersecurity refers to preventative methods used to protect

information from being stolen, Cybersecurity is the protection of
internet-connected systems, including hardware, software and

ELE 432 Systems & Networks

data, from cyberattacks. In a computing context, security
comprises cybersecurity and physical security -- both are used by
enterprises to protect against unauthorized access to data centers and

Dr. Hatem Yousry

other computerized systems.

• A Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) is a back-end

cybersecurity measure that is described as a “set of rules, policies
and procedures needed to create, manage, distribute, use, store 20
and revoke digital certificates and manage public-key encryption.”
 Blockchain and Cybersecurity

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Dr. Hatem Yousry

 Blockchain and Cybersecurity

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Satellite Constellation Networks
• A satellite constellation, also called a satellite swarm, is a system of
satellites that work together to achieve a single purpose. So a succession
of LEO satellites is needed to cover any given region. These are
smaller satellites, as being closer to the earth allows them to use less power.
So in the end, it is a trade between a large constellation of
smaller satellites in LEO orbit or a few larger satellites in GEO.
• Satellite constellations are used for broadband internet and satellite phone

ELE 432 Systems & Networks

and cellular phone networks.
• Although the performance doesn't yet match due to latency and breaks in
communication and needed to avoid.

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Reference book
• “Computer Networks: A Systems Approach”
L. Peterson, and B. Davie, 4th edition.
• “Computer Networks”
S. Tanenbaum and D. Wetherall, 4th edition.

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Portfolio
• Selective Lecture Slides.
• Your Private Notes from Lectures , Sections, Trips, Reports,
Labs, and Recommendations.
• Complete answers Sheets, Assignments.
• Complete answers to Quizzes, Midterm.

ELE 432 Systems & Networks

• Final Project Paper.
• In addition to, any related Course martials.

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 Dr. Hatem Yousry
[email protected]
[email protected]

ELE 432 Systems & Networks

Dr. Hatem Yousry
Thank You 26
Suggested Topic for Skills
1. Bluetooth Network implementation and design (Layers,
Services , and Protocols).
2. Communications Networks Protocols Map ( protocols
analysis such as X.25 , ATM , SSP, ….. ).
3. Internet of Things (IoT) simulation and hardware

ELE 432 Systems & Networks

implementation.
4. The Internet Architecture TCP/IP such as The Transport
Layer (Services and Protocols).

Dr. Hatem Yousry

5. Deep or Drack Web.
6. Blockchain and Cybersecurity
7. And more ….
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Dr. Hatem Yousry