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    CE3503 Lecture2

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    Ali Arat
    This document outlines the course content for Structural System II, which covers various methods for analyzing statically indeterminate structures. These include the force method, displacement methods using slope-deflection equations and moment distribution, and energy methods. The force method requires satisfying principles of superposition, compatibility equations, and equilibrium equations. Compatibility equations relate displacements and rotations at points of redundant forces. The work-energy principle and virtual work principle are also covered, along with their applications to beams, trusses, and frames. Determinacy versus indeterminacy of structures is discussed.

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    CE3503 Lecture2

    Uploaded by

    Ali Arat
    43 views62 pages
    This document outlines the course content for Structural System II, which covers various methods for analyzing statically indeterminate structures. These include the force method, displacement methods using slope-deflection equations and moment distribution, and energy methods. The force method requires satisfying principles of superposition, compatibility equations, and equilibrium equations. Compatibility equations relate displacements and rotations at points of redundant forces. The work-energy principle and virtual work principle are also covered, along with their applications to beams, trusses, and frames. Determinacy versus indeterminacy of structures is discussed.

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    CE3503_Lecture2

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    This document outlines the course content for Structural System II, which covers various methods for analyzing statically indeterminate structures. These include the force method, displacement methods using slope-deflection equations and moment distribution, and energy methods. The force method requires satisfying principles of superposition, compatibility equations, and equilibrium equations. Compatibility equations relate displacements and rotations at points of redundant forces. The work-energy principle and virtual work principle are also covered, along with their applications to beams, trusses, and frames. Determinacy versus indeterminacy of structures is discussed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    43 views62 pages

    CE3503 Lecture2

    Uploaded by

    Ali Arat
    This document outlines the course content for Structural System II, which covers various methods for analyzing statically indeterminate structures. These include the force method, displacement methods using slope-deflection equations and moment distribution, and energy methods. The force method requires satisfying principles of superposition, compatibility equations, and equilibrium equations. Compatibility equations relate displacements and rotations at points of redundant forces. The work-energy principle and virtual work principle are also covered, along with their applications to beams, trusses, and frames. Determinacy versus indeterminacy of structures is discussed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 62

    STRUCTURAL SYSTEM II

    CE 3503

    FORCE ANALYSIS METHOD


    COURSE CONTENT

      De#lections using Energy Methods


      Introduction to Force Method of Analysis
      Force Method of Analysis: Beams
      Displacement Method of Analysis:
      Slope-De#lection Equations: Frames without sidesway
      Displacement Method of Analysis:
      Slope-De#lection Equations: Frames with sidesway
      Displacement Method of Analysis:
      Moment Distribution: Beams
      Displacement Method of Analysis:
      Moment Distribution: Frames without sidesway
    WORK-ENERGY PRINCIPLE

    •  For more complicated loadings or for structures such as


    trusses & frames, it is suggested that energy methods be
    used for the computa8ons
    •  Most energy methods are based on the conserva8on of
    energy principal
    •  Work done by all external forces ac8ng on a structure,
    We is transformed into internal work or strain energy Wi
    We = Wi
    EXTERNAL WORK=INTERNAL ENERGY
    WORK done by EXTERNAL LOADS

    We = Force x Distance
    EXTERNAL ENERGY
    EXTERNAL ENERGY
    INTERNAL ENERGY

    Internal energy = work is being produced by the load


    energy is being stored in the beam
    INTERNAL ENERGY
    INTERNAL ENERGY
    INTERNAL ENERGY
    WORK-ENERGY PRINCIPLE
    WORK-ENERGY PRINCIPLE
    WORK-ENERGY PRINCIPLE
    Elastic Beam Theory
    Elastic Beam Theory
    Elastic Beam Theory
    Elastic Beam Theory
    INTERNAL ENERGY

    Internal energy = work is being produced by the load


    energy is being stored in the beam
    Elastic Beam Theory
    WORK-ENERGY PRINCIPLE

    Example:
    WORK-ENERGY PRINCIPLE

    Example:
    VIRTUAL WORK PRINCIPLE
    VIRTUAL WORK PRINCIPLE

    Suppose it is necessary to determine the displacement Δ of point A on


    the body caused by the “real loads” P1, P2, and P3. It is to be
    understood that these loads cause no movement of the supports; in
    general, however, they can strain the material beyond the elas8c
    limit. Since no external load acts on the body at A and in the direc8on
    of Δ, the displacement Δ can be determined by first placing on the
    body a “virtual” load such that this force P’ acts in the same direc8on
    as ¢
    VIRTUAL WORK PRINCIPLE

    Suppose it is necessary to determine the displacement Δ of point A on


    the body caused by the “real loads” P1, P2, and P3. It is to be
    understood that these loads cause no movement of the supports; in
    general, however, they can strain the material beyond the elas8c
    limit. Since no external load acts on the body at A and in the direc8on
    of Δ, the displacement Δ can be determined by first placing on the
    body a “virtual” load such that this force P’ acts in the same direc8on
    as ¢
    VIRTUAL WORK PRINCIPLE
    VIRTUAL WORK PRINCIPLE
    VIRTUAL WORK PRINCIPLE
    VIRTUAL WORK PRINCIPLE-TRUSS
    VIRTUAL WORK PRINCIPLE-TRUSS
    VIRTUAL WORK PRINCIPLE-BEAMS
    VIRTUAL WORK PRINCIPLE-BEAMS
    VIRTUAL WORK PRINCIPLE
    VIRTUAL WORK PRINCIPLE
    VIRTUAL WORK PRINCIPLE-BEAMS
    VIRTUAL WORK PRINCIPLE
    VIRTUAL WORK PRINCIPLE
    VIRTUAL WORK PRINCIPLE
    VIRTUAL WORK PRINCIPLE
    VIRTUAL WORK PRINCIPLE
    VIRTUAL WORK PRINCIPLE
    VIRTUAL WORK PRINCIPLE
    VIRTUAL WORK PRINCIPLE
    VIRTUAL WORK PRINCIPLE

    •  If M/EI diagram for a beam simple segments, moment-area


    theorems or the conjugate-beam method be used.

    •  Beams with complicated M/EI diagram (parabolic, cubic…etc) can
    be analyzed using the method of virtual work or Cas8gliona’s
    theorem.
    COURSE CONTENT

      Review of Structural System I


      Force Method of Analysis
      Force Method of Analysis: Frames
      Displacement Method of Analysis:
      Slope-De#lection Equations: Frames without sidesway
      Displacement Method of Analysis:
      Slope-De#lection Equations: Frames with sidesway
      Displacement Method of Analysis:
      Moment Distribution: Beams
      Displacement Method of Analysis:
      Moment Distribution: Frames without sidesway
    DETERMINACY & INDETERMINACY

    For equilibrium:
    ∑ Fx = 0 ∑ Fy = 0 ∑ Fz = 0
    ∑ M x =0
    ∑ M y =0 ∑ M z =0

    Determinacy
    •  Equilibrium eqns provide suf7icient conditions for
    equilibrium
    •  All forces can be determined strictly from these eqns
    •  No. of unknown forces > equilibrium eqn
    => statically indeterminate
    •  This can be determined using a free body diagram

    r = 3n, statically determinate


    r > 3n, statically indeterminate

    The addi(onal eqns needed to solve for the unknown eqns are referred to as
    compa(bility eqns
    DETERMINACY & INDETERMINACY

    Determinacy for trusses




    Total unknowns = forces in b no. of bars of the truss + total no.
    of external support reactions

    ∑ Fx = 0 and ∑ Fy = 0

    By comparing the total unknowns with the total no. of available


    equilibrium eqn, we have:

    b + r = 2 j statically determinate
    b + r > 2 j statically indeterminate
    DETERMINACY & INDETERMINACY

    Why do we study indeterminate structures?


    DETERMINACY & INDETERMINACY
    FORCE METHOD OF ANALYSIS

    When analyzing any indeterminate structure, it is necessary to sa8sfy



    •  Principle of superposi8on
    •  Compa8bility equa8ons
    •  Equilibrium equa8ons
    FORCE METHOD OF ANALYSIS

    When analyzing any indeterminate structure, it is necessary to sa8sfy


    •  Principle of superposi8on
    •  Determine the number of degrees n to which the structure is
    indeterminate.
    •  Specify the n unknown redundant forces or moments that must
    be removed from the structure in order to make it sta8cally
    determinate and stable.
    •  Show the indeterminate structure to be equal to a series of
    corresponding sta8cally determinate structures.
    •  Compa8bility equa8ons
    •  Equilibrium equa8ons
    FORCE METHOD OF ANALYSIS

    When analyzing any indeterminate structure, it is necessary to sa8sfy


    •  Principle of superposi8on
    •  Compa8bility equa8ons
    •  Write a compa8bility equa8on for displacement and rota8on at
    each point where there is a redundant force or moment.
    •  Determine all the deflec8ons and rota8ons.
    •  Solve the compa8bility equa8ons for unknown redundants.
    0 = θ A + M Aα AA + M Bα AB eqn (1)

    0 = θ B + M Aα BA + M Bα BB eqn (2)

    •  Equilibrium equa8ons
    FORCE METHOD OF ANALYSIS

    0 = −Δ B + Δ' BB
    Δ' BB = B y f BB

    Δ ' BB = upward disp at B


    B y = unknown reaction at B
    f BB = linear flexibility coefficient

    sub second eqn into first eqn, we get :


    0 = −Δ B + B y f BB
    FORCE METHOD OF ANALYSIS
    FORCE METHOD OF ANALYSIS
    FORCE METHOD OF ANALYSIS

    When analyzing any indeterminate structure, it is necessary to sa8sfy



    •  Principle of superposi8on
    •  Compa8bility equa8ons
    •  Equilibrium equa8ons
    •  Draw a free-body diagram of the structure.
    •  A\er the calcula8on of redundant forces and/or moments,
    remaining unknown reac8ons can be determined from the
    equa8ons of equilibrium.
    FORCE METHOD OF ANALYSIS
    FORCE METHOD OF ANALYSIS
    FORCE METHOD OF ANALYSIS
    FORCE METHOD OF ANALYSIS
    FORCE METHOD OF ANALYSIS
    FORCE METHOD OF ANALYSIS
    FORCE METHOD OF ANALYSIS

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