Gen Chem 2 Q2 Module 2
Gen Chem 2 Q2 Module 2
Gen Chem 2 Q2 Module 2
STEM
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General Chemistry 2
Quarter 2- Week 1 (Module 2)
Types of Intermolecular Forces
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General Chemistry 2 (SHS- STEM)
Quarter 1 – Week 1 (Module 2): Types of Intermolecular Forces
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Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad
Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin
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I. INTRODUCTION
Learning Objectives:
At the end of the module, you should be able to:
1. Define intermolecular forces of attraction;
2. Identify and describe the types of intermolecular forces; and
3. Differentiate each type and give examples.
III. PRE-TEST
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Read and understand the following questions. Write the letter of
the correct answer in your notebook.
1. Which is NOT true about London Dispersion Force?
A. It is present in all molecules whether polar or nonpolar.
B. Forces are higher with higher boiling point.
C. The higher the surface area, the higher the forces.
D. Exhibit stronger dispersion forces with smaller and lighter atoms/
molecules.
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Well, how was it? Want to know your score? Refer to the
answer key to check if your answers are correct. It will be easy
for you to go over this module but if you got a lower score,
don’t feel bad instead take this module seriously.
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IV. LEARNING ACTIVITIES
ELICIT
DIRECTIONS: Answer the crossword puzzle to recall important terminologies that you
will encounter in the next activities. Fill in the crossword puzzle with the word being
described below. Match the number of the description to the boxes placed across or
down the grid.
Across Down
1. The smallest particle of an element 2. The smallest particle of a
that takes part in a chemical change. compound that carries the
4. Negatively charged ion. properties of a substance.
5. Diatomic molecules containing 3. Positively charged ion.
atoms of different elements. 6. Diatomic molecules containing
atoms of the same elements.
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ENGAGE
TRY THIS AT HOME!
1.Get any transparent glass available in your home (plastic cups can be used as
well) and fill it with tap water.
2. Add a pinch of salt in the glass with water. Do not stir the solution.
(Note: Please be careful in handling the solution to avoid spillage.)
3. Observe and note what will happened to the salt in water.
Questions:
1. What happened to the salt (NaCl) as it was added to the water?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
2. Why do you think the salt dissolved in water?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
3. Does the bond of sodium chloride (NaCl) break? How does it happen?
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
4. Do you think there are forces present between the particles of water and salt?
________________________________________________________
Good work! You figured out that water can dissolve salt
because the particles of the two substances interact,
the positive part of the water molecules attracts the
negative chloride ions and the negative part of the
water molecules attracts the positive sodium ions that
resulted to loosening of bonds of sodium chloride
(NaCl).
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EXPLORE
FIND OUT ON YOUR OWN
I. Materials
Water 6 pcs. 1-piso coins
Ethyl alcohol 3 pcs. dropper
Acetone
II. Procedure
1. Put several drops of each liquid for the 3 pcs. of coins as much as it can
hold.
2. Observe how many drops of each liquid for each coin can hold. Record
your observation on the data table.
3. In another set of coin add 1 drop for each liquid.
4. Record the time it takes for 1 drop to evaporate for each liquid on the data
table.
5. Answer the guide questions below.
Safety Precautions:
The activity should be performed in an airy or well-ventilated room. Avoid
contact with the skin and direct inhalation of the vapors of the substances. It is best if
the students use safety gloves, goggles and mask.
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III. Data Table
Water
Ethyl Alcohol
Acetone
EXPLAIN
READ, WATCH AND EXPLAIN
Intermolecular forces are attractive forces that act between molecules or particles in
the solid or liquid states. Generally, these attractive forces are much weaker than
bonding forces.
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When a solid melt, or a liquid boils, the particles move away from each other. As
they do, intermolecular forces of attraction are broken. The stronger the
intermolecular forces to be broken, the larger the amount of energy needed to
break them, hence, the higher the melting point for solid to liquid transformation,
and boiling point for liquid to gas transformation.
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Figure 1. London dispersion forces between helium atoms. Image obtained from
http:// www.mikeblaber.org/oldwine/chm1045/notes/Forces/Intermol/Forces02.htm
WATCH
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIuJfHOVh48
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This type of force is stronger than the dispersion forces because polar molecules
have a permanent uneven distribution of electrons. The nature of attraction is
electrostatic and can be understood in terms of Coulomb’s law: The larger the
dipole moment, the stronger the attraction
http://www.mikeblaber.org/oldwine/chm1045/notes/Forces/Intermol/Forces02.htm
WATCH
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dmmy3OklX1Y
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Figure 3. Hydrogen bonds in H2O, NH3 and HF. Image obtained from
http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/3082/3156196/blb1102.html
WATCH
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RSRiywp9v9w
4. Ion-dipole is a kind of attractive force that occur between an ion and a polar
molecule. An ion is an atom or group of atoms that holds an electrical charge,
while a dipole refers to a molecule that possesses a delocalized positive and
negative charge. Ion-dipole forces, therefore, are the electrostatic interactions
between the fixed dipole in one molecule and an ion.
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The chloride ion is then attracted to the positive end of dipolar molecule and the
sodium ion is attracted to negative end of dipolar molecule. Because the
interaction is between a fully charged ion and a partially charged versus two
partially charged dipoles, ion-dipole interactions are the stronger compared to
IMFA or van der Waals’ forces.
https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-
References:
30137f48eb093a0c957e3a8d79888799-c
https://www.reference.com/science/ion-dipole-forces-d3578f6e8a87246
https://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/liquids/iondip.html
https://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/liquids/iondip.htm
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujMxOT50wZQ
Dispersion All
molecules
and atoms
Dipole- Polar
dipole molecules
Hydrogen Molecules
bonding containing
H bonded
to F, O or
N.
Ion-dipole Mixtures of
ionic
compounds
and polar
compounds
https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-30137f48eb093a0c957e3a8d79888799-c
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NO NO YES
Are polar Are polar
Are the ions molecules
molecules
involved? and ions both
involved?
present?
YES
YES
Are hydrogen
atoms
bonded to N,
O, or F
atoms? 4.
1. YES
NO
3.
2.
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ELABORATE
DIRECTION: Fill-up the table below. Check to determine the type of force that is most
evident for each substance.
H2O –
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A molecule will be polar if:
• One or more terminal atoms differ from each other.
• At least one polar bond is present.
• The terminal atoms are not symmetrically arranged
• The molecule has one slightly positive end and one slightly negative end.
• Example: H2O
EVALUATE
DIRECTION: Complete the paragraph below by selecting the appropriate word/s
inside the box.
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molecules. It is most common found in (15) . Note that these forces of
attraction have different strength.
V. VOCABULARY LIST
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• Next is the Hydrogen bond, it is a special type of dipole-dipole interaction
between the hydrogen atom in a polar bond, such as N‒H, O‒H, or F‒H, and an
electronegative O, N, or F atom.
• Another type of attracted forces is Dipole-dipole forces, are attractive forces
between polar molecules (molecules that possess dipole moments).
• The weakest is the London Dispersion Forces, these forces of attraction result
from temporary dipole moments induced in ordinarily nonpolar molecules.
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Read and understand the following questions. Write the letter of
the correct answer in your notebook.
1. Which forces of attraction are present in the mixtures of ionic compounds and polar
compounds?
A. Dipole-Dipole Forces B. Hydrogen Bond
C. Ion-Dipole Forces D. London Dispersion Forces
2. Which among the molecules has highest London dispersion forces?
A. F2 – 18 e- B. Cl2 – 34 e-
C. Br2 – 70 e- D. I2 – 106 e-
3. Which of the following is NOT true about Dipole-Dipole Forces?
A. Forces of attraction between a cation or anion and a nonpolar molecule.
B. Attractive forces between polar molecules.
C. The partial negative side of a molecule is attracted by the partial positive
side of another molecule.
D. This force is stronger than the London Dispersion Forces but weaker than
Ion-Dipole Forces and Hydrogen Bond.
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4. Which of the following statements are true about Hydrogen Bond?
I. Molecules that have bonded with H atom to F, O or N atom.
II. Special type of Ion-Dipole interaction.
III. The molecules have polar bond.
A. I and II B. I and III C. II and III D. I, II and III
5. Based from the molecular structure below, which shows the weakest Dispersion
Forces?
Forces.
A. B.
C. D.
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ANSWER KEY
PRE-TEST
1. D
2. B
3. A
4. C
5. A
CROSSWORD PUZZLE
1. Atom
2. Molecule
3. Cation
4. Anion
5. Polar
6. Nonpolar
ELABORATE
1. Answers may vary.
2. Answers may vary.
3. Water
4. Water
5. Yes. Because it has the weakest forces of attraction. (Please refer to
the different boiling points of the liquids.)
6. Both polar substances.
7. Polar molecules form partially positive end and partially negative end
that causes for the charges to attract another molecule with
opposite charges.
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ENGAGE
1. The salt molecules dissolved to the water.
2. The water molecules will break the bond of the atoms present in the
salt molecules. The hydrogen atoms will attract the chlorine
atom and the oxygen atom will attract the sodium atom that
causes for the NaCl bond breaks and form ions (cation and
anion).
3. Yes
EXPLAIN
Diagram
1. London Dispersion Forces
2. Dipole-Dipole Forces
3. Hydrogen Bond
4. Ion-Dipole Forces
ELABORATE
SUBSTANC POLAR/NON LONDON DIPOLE- HYDROGEN ION-DIPOLE
E POLAR DISPERSIO DIPOLE BOND FORCES
N FORCES FORCES
Polar
Nonpolar
Polar
Polar
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KBr in H2O KBr – Polar
H2O –
Nonpolar
EVALUATE
1. Intermolecular Forces 3. Atom/Molecule
2. Weakest 4. Atom/Molecule
5. Temporary dipole 11. Oxygen/Fluorine
6. Nonpolar 12. Oxygen/Fluorine
7. Dipole-Dipole 13. Cation/Anion
8. Positive/Negative 14. Cation/Anion
9. Positive/Negative 15. Solutions
10. Hydrogen Bond
POST-TEST
1. C
2. D
3. A
4. B
5. A
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REFERENCES
Books
Emil F. Soriano et al. Chemistry for the New Millennium, Adriana Publishing Co.,
Inc., 2000.
Raymond Chang. Chemistry, seventh edition, The Mc-Graw-Hill Companies, Inc.,
New York, 2002.
Teaching Guide for Senior High School General Chemistry 2. Commission on Higher
Education, 2016.
Link
https://www.middleschoolchemistry.com/lessonplans/chapter5/lesson3
https://www.mikeblaber.org/oldwine/chm1045/notes/Forces/Intermol/Forces02.htm
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIuJfHOVh48
http://www.mikeblaber.org/oldwine/chm1045/notes/Forces/Intermol/Forces02.htm
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dmmy3OklX1Y
http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/3082/3156196/blb1102.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RSRiywp9v9w
https://www.reference.com/science/ion-dipole-forces-d3578f6e8a87246
https://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/liquids/iondip.html
https://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/liquids/iondip.htm
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujMxOT50wZQSe
https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-30137f48eb093a0c957e3a8d79888799-c
https://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-induced-dipole-and-
permanent-dipole/
https://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_instantaneous_dipole
_and_induced_dipole
https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=hydrogen+fluoride+chemical+structure&for
m=HDRSC3&first=1&cw=1117&ch=427
https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=chemical+formula+for+propane&form=HDR
SC3&first=1&cw=1117&ch=427
https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=chemical+structure+of+CH2O&form=HDRS
C3&first=1&cw=1117&ch=427
https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=chemical+formula+of+ammonia&form=HDR
SC3&first=1&cw=1117&ch=427
https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=dissociation+of+salt+to+water&form=HDRSC3&fir
st=1&scenario=ImageBasicHover&ajf=100
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