Assignment Matrices

1. Find A+B and A-B

1 2 -3 -2
i. A = 3 4 B= 1 -5
5 6 4 3

1 2 3 0 -1 -2 0 1

ii. A = 4 0 2 -1 B= -2 2 -3 2

-3 2 0 2 3 -2 0 -2

2. Find AB if

i. A = 1 3 1 B= 3 -4
4 0 2 1 5
-2 2

ii. A = 2 5 B= 1 -1
1 3 -3 2

Is AB = BA?

3. (a) Show that the matrix A = 3 1 satisfies the following matrix equation:
-1 2

A2 - 5A + 7I = 0.

Hint: Here I is the 2 x 2 identity matrix and 0 is the 2 x 2 zero matrix, i.e.,

I= 1 0 and 0 = 0 0

0 1 0 0

4. If P = 1 -1 Q= p 1 and ( P + Q)2 = p2 + Q2 , find p and q

2 -1 q -1

Hint: ( P + Q )2 = ( P + Q ) ( P + Q ) = p2 + PQ + QP + Q2 = p2 + Q2 (Given)
PQ + QP = 0,
i.e., 1 -1 p 1 + p 1 1 -1 = 0 0 , etc.
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 2 -1 q -1 q -1 2 -1 0 0

5. If P = 9 1 , Q= 1 7 , fing the matrix R such that 5P + 3Q + 2R is a null,

4 3 7 12
matrix.
[Hint: 5P + 3Q + 2R=0 where o is a null matrix of order 2. We have 2R = - (5P + 3Q)
or , R = - ½ (5P + 3Q), etc]

6. Show that the matrix -4 -3 -3 is its own adjoint.

1 0 1
4 4 3

7. Find the inverse of the following matrices, if invertible,

1. A= 1 -3 2 ii. A= 3 -3 4 iii. A= 1 1 -3
2 0 0 2 -3 4 2 3 2
1 4 1 0 -1 1 3 -3 4

8. Solve the following system of equations by matrix inversion method:

a. x + 2y - 4z = -3 ; 2x + 6y - 5z = -2 ; 3x + 11y - 4z = 12
b. x + y + z = 6 ; x + 2y + 3z = 14 ; -x + y – z = -2
c. 3x + 2y + 4z = 19 ; 2x – y + z = 3 ; 6x + 7y – z = 17

9. Solve the following system of equations by elementary row operations:

a. x + 2y - 2z = -1 ; 3x + y + 4z = 17 ; 5x - 3y + z = 2
b. 3x + 2y + z = 0 ; -2x - 5y + 2z = 8 ; x - y – z = -4
c. 2x - y + 3z = 9 ; x + y + z = 6 ; x - y + z = 2

10. Determine the rank of the following matrices:

a. 1 2 3 b. A= 2 1 c. A= 1 -2 3
A= 1 4 2 4 2 3 -6 9
2 6 5

d. -1 0 5 e. 4 -1 2
A= -2 1 0 A= 3 4 0
4 0 1 1 0 0

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Solutions:

1. -2 0 4 4
i) A + B = 4 -1 ; A–B= 2 9
9 9 1 3

0 0 3 1 2 4 3 -1
ii) A + B = 2 2 -5 1 ; A – B = 6 -2 1 -3
0 0 0 0 -6 4 0 4

2. i) 8 8 ; ii) -13 8 , AB ≠ BA
8 -12 -8 5

4. p = 1, q = 4; 5. -24 -10

-41/2 -51/2

7. i) 0 1/2 0 1 -1 0 -6/67 17/67 13/67

- 1/11 -1/22 2/11 ; ii) -2 3 -4 ; iii) 14/67 5/67 -8/67
4/11 -7/22 3/11 -2 3 -3 -15/67 9/67 -1/67

8. a) x = 3, y = 1, z = 2; (b) x = 1, y = 2, z = 3; (c) x = 1, y = 2, z = 3;

9. a) x = 1, y = 2, z = 3; (b) x = -1, y = 0, z = 3; (c) x = 1, y = 2, z = 3;

10. a) r(A) = 2; (b) r(A) = 1; (c) r(A) = 1; (d) r(A) = 3; (e) r(A) = 3

Assignment

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1. The following matrix gives the number of units of three products P, Q & R that can be
processed per hour on three machines A, B, & C.

A B C
P 10 12 15
Q 13 11 20
R 16 18 14

Determine by using matrix algebra, how many units of each product can be produced, if
the hours available on machines A, B, & C are 54, 46, & 48 respectively

2. Labour costs Rs.20 per hour per unit, material cost is Rs. 5 and one unit sub-contracted
work costs Rs.10. Find the total cost of manufacturing 3000, 2000, & 1000 vehicles of
type A, B & C respectively. Given that:

Vehicles Labour hours Material used Subcontracted work

A 40 100 units 50 units

B 80 150 units 80 units
C 100 250 units 100 units

3. In a certain city there are 50 colleges and 400 schools. Each school has 18 peons, 5 clerks
& 1 cashier. Each college in addition has 1 section officer and 1 librarian. The monthly
salary of each of them is as follows:
Peon: Rs.3000, Clerk: Rs.5000, Cashier: Rs.6000, Section Officer: Rs.7000 & Librarian:
Rs.9000.
Using matrix notation find:
(a) The total no. posts of each kind in schools and colleges taken together,
(b) Total monthly salary bill of all the schools and colleges taken together.

Hint: The matrix A representing the number of posts of each kind in each school and
college is:

School College
18 18 Peon
5 5 Clerk
A= 1 1 Cashier
0 1 Section Officer
0 1 Librarian

4. A motor corporation has two types of factories each producing buses and trucks. The
weekly production figures of each type of factory are as follows:

Factory A Factory B
Buses 20 30
Trucks 40 10

The corporation has 5 A factories and 7 B factories. Buses and trucks sell at Rs. 5,00,000
& 4,00,000 respectively. Express in matrix form & hence evaluate:

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 (a) the total weekly production of buses and trucks;
(b) the total market value of the vehicles produced each week.

5. An investor deposited Rs.1,00,000 in a savings bank. Part of the money is invested at half
yearly rate of 5% and the remaining at annual rate of 12%. At the end of a year, he
received annual interest of Rs.11,600. Using matrix method, find out how much he
deposited at 5% half yearly rate?

Hint: Half yearly rate of 5% is equivalent to full year rate of 10%

6. Three commodities X, Y, & Z are bought and sold by A, B, & C as mentioned below:
A purchases 4 unit of Z and sells 3 units of X and 5 units of Y,
B purchases 3 units of Y and sells 2 units of X and 1 unit of Z,
C purchases 1 unit of X and sells 4 units of Y and 6 units of Z.
In the process A, B, & C earn Rs.6000, Rs.5000 & Rs.13000 respectively. Using the
matrix algebra find the prices per unit of the three commodities.

Hint: Let the prices per unit of commodities X, Y, & Z be x, y, & z respectively. Then the
given information can be presented by the following three simultaneous equations:

3x + 5y - 4z = 6000 ; 2x - 3y + z = 5000 ; -x + 4y + 6z = 13000;

Solutions:

1. Product P = 1812 units, Product Q = 2168 units and Product R = 2364 units.

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2. Rs. 1,59,50,000;

3. (a) 8100 peons; 2250 clerks; 450 cashiers; 50 section officers; 50 librarians
(b) Rs. 3,90,50,000.

4. (a) 310 buses & 270 trucks;

(b) 263,00,00,000

5. Rs.20,000

6. Price of X = Rs.3000; Price of Y = Rs.1000; Price of Z = Rs.2000

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