Carrera Lazo Patricio - Portfolio 1

PORTFOLIO 1 – GRAMMAR SUMMARY
VERB BE PRESENT TENSE

USE
To use the verb “to be” in present simple tense, pair it with a personal pronoun.
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE QUESTION
Subject + To Be (Am, Is, Are) Subject + To Be (Am, Is, Are) To Be (Am, Is, Are) + Not +
+ Complement + Not + Complement Subject + Complement + ?
You are a teacher. I’m not sick. Is she lucky? / Isn’t she
lucky?
VERB BE PAST TENSE

USE
To talk about things that happened or existed before now.
Subject + To Be (Was / Subject + To Be (Was / To be (Was, Were) + Subject
Were) + Complement Were) + Not + Complement + complement + ?
She was happy. She wasn’t happy. Was she happy?
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

USE
When an action is happening right now, or when it happens regularly (or
unceasingly, which is why it's sometimes called present indefinite).

Subject + verb + Subject + Do / Does + Not + Do /Does + Subject + verb +
complement verb + complement complement + ?
I work all week. I don’t work all week. Do you work all week?
PAST SIMPLE TENSE

USE
To refer to actions that were completed in a time period before the present time.
TO BE
Subject + was / were Subject + was not / were not Was / Were + Subject +
+ complement complement + ?
They were friends. They weren’t friends. Were they friends?
VERBS
Subject + Verb -ed Subject + did not + verb Did + Subject + verb (in base
(base form) form) + ?
She worked yesterday. She didn’t work yesterday. Did she work yesterday?
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

USE
To describe when an action happened, or may happen.
Subject + To be (Am, Is, Are) Subject + To be (Am, Is, Are) To be (Am, Is, Are) + Subject
+ Verb-ing + ... + Not + Verb-ing + ... + Verb-ing + … + ?
We are starting. We aren’t starting. Are we starting?
PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

USE
Refers to a continuing action or state that was happening at some point in the past.
Subject + To be (Was / Were) Subject + To be (Was / Were To be (Was / Were) + Subject
+ Verb-ing + ... + Not + Verb-ing + ... + Verb-ing + … + ?
She was cooking all morning. She wasn’t cooking all Was she cooking all
morning. morning?
FUTURE WITH WILL

USE
We use will to predict the future, future predictions.
will + infinitive won’t + infinitive (question word)+ will +
subject + infinitive
I will buy a car soon. She won’t pass the course. What will you do for New
year eve?
FUTURE WITH BE GOING TO

USE
We use “be going to “ to talk about plans and intentions for the future.
Subject+ be+ going Subject+ be (not)+ (question word)+be+ Yes/No Questions and
to+infinitive going to+infinitive subject+ going to+ Short answers
infinitive
I´m going to travel I’m not going to What are they going Are you going to move
to Oxapampa. cook tomorrow. to do for her birthday? to the USA? Yes, I am /
No, I am not.
Is she going to get
married? Yes, she is/
No, she isn’t.
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

USE
We use the present perfect tense to talk about experiences in someone's life, without saying
when something happened.
Subject+ to Subject+to To have + subject + To have
have+past participle have+not+ past past participle not+subject+past
participle participle
We have climbed We haven't read the Have you been to Has´t she visited?
the mountain. book. Mexico?
FIRST CONDITIONAL
USE
-The first conditional is used to express the future consequence of a realistic possibility now or
in the future.
- The if- clause can come at the beginning or the end of a sentence.
FIRST FORM SECOND FORM
If+present simple, will/won’t + verb Will+verb if+present simple
If the sun rises, we will go to the beach. I´ll celebrate if I pass the final exam.
If I pass this exam, I won’t have to do it again I won’t have to do this exam again if I pass it.
SECOND CONDITIONAL
USE
The second conditional is used to express the consequence of an unrealistic action or situation
in the present or future. The situation can be very improbable (1-5% probability) or completely
unrealistic (with a 0% probability)
FIRST FORM SECOND FORM

If + past simple, would/wouldn’t + verb. Would + verb if + past simple.
If I lived in a big city, I would go out more I’d travel more often if I had an airplane.
often.
If I lived in a big city, I wouldn’t need a car.

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PORTFOLIO 1 – GRAMMAR SUMMARY

VERB BE PRESENT TENSE

VERB BE PAST TENSE

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE QUESTION

PAST SIMPLE TENSE

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

FUTURE WITH WILL

FUTURE WITH BE GOING TO

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

FIRST FORM SECOND FORM

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