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Hazard Alert Code:

LOW SULPHUR FUEL OIL HIGH
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW) Revision No: 2.0 Chemwatch 45719
Issue Date: 6-Dec-2007 CD 2008/2

Section 1 - CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION

PRODUCT NAME: LOW SULPHUR FUEL OIL
SYNONYMS
"cat cracked clarified oil -decanted oil", "clarifid oils, petroleum, catalytic cracked", "decanted oil, C20", "low sulfur fuel oil"
PRODUCT USE
Fuel oil.
SUPPLIER

HAZARD RATINGS
Min Max

Flammability: 1

Toxicity: 2

Body Contact: 2 Min/Nil=0

Low=1
Reactivity: 0 Moderate=2
High=3
Chronic: 3
Extreme=4

Section 2 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

STATEMENT OF HAZARDOUS NATURE
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE. NON-DANGEROUS GOODS. According to the Criteria of NOHSC, and the ADG Code.
COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID, regulated under AS1940 for Bulk Storage purposes only.
POISONS SCHEDULE
None
RISK SAFETY
May cause CANCER. Keep locked up.
Inhalation may produce health damage*. Do not breathe gas/ fumes/ vapour/ spray.
Cumulative effects may result following exposure*. In case of insufficient ventilation wear suitable respiratory equipment.
May produce discomfort of the respiratory system*. Use only in well ventilated areas.
Repeated exposure potentially causes skin dryness and cracking*. Keep container in a well ventilated place.
Vapours potentially cause drowsiness and dizziness*. Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use.
Exposure may produce irreversible effects*. To clean the floor and all objects contaminated by this material use water and detergent.
* (limited evidence). Keep container tightly closed.
This material and its container must be disposed of in a safe way.
Keep away from food drink and animal feeding stuffs.
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.

Section 3 - COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS

NAME CAS RN %
clarified slurry oils 64741-62-4 >98
hydrogen sulfide 7783-06-4

Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES

SWALLOWED

If swallowed do NOT induce vomiting.

If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain open airway and prevent aspiration.

Observe the patient carefully.

Never give liquid to a person showing signs of being sleepy or with reduced awareness; i.e. becoming unconscious.

Give water to rinse out mouth, then provide liquid slowly and as much as casualty can comfortably drink.

Seek medical advice.
EYE
If this product comes in contact with the eyes:

Wash out immediately with fresh running water.

Ensure complete irrigation of the eye by keeping eyelids apart and away from eye and moving the eyelids by occasionally lifting the upper and lower lids.

If pain persists or recurs seek medical attention.

Removal of contact lenses after an eye injury should only be undertaken by skilled personnel.
SKIN
If skin contact occurs:

Immediately remove all contaminated clothing, including footwear.

Flush skin and hair with running water (and soap if available).

Seek medical attention in event of irritation.
INHALED

If fumes or combustion products are inhaled remove from contaminated area.

Lay patient down. Keep warm and rested.

Prostheses such as false teeth, which may block airway, should be removed, where possible, prior to initiating first aid procedures.

Apply artificial respiration if not breathing, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve mask device, or pocket mask as trained. Perform CPR if
necessary.

Transport to hospital, or doctor.

NOTES TO PHYSICIAN
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Hazard Alert Code:
LOW SULPHUR FUEL OIL HIGH
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW) Revision No: 2.0 Chemwatch 45719
Issue Date: 6-Dec-2007 CD 2008/2

Treat symptomatically.

Heavy and persistent skin contamination over many years may lead to dysplastic changes. Pre-existing skin disorders may be aggravated by exposure to
this product.

In general, emesis induction is unnecessary with high viscosity, low volatility products, i.e. most oils and greases.

High pressure accidental injection through the skin should be assessed for possible incision, irrigation and/or debridement.
NOTE: Injuries may not seem serious at first, but within a few hours tissue may become swollen, discoloured and extremely painful with extensive
subcutaneous necrosis. Product may be forced through considerable distances along tissue planes.

Section 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES

EXTINGUISHING MEDIA

Foam.

Dry chemical powder.

BCF (where regulations permit).

Carbon dioxide.

Water spray or fog - Large fires only.
FIRE FIGHTING

Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard.

Wear breathing apparatus plus protective gloves.

Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water course.

Use water delivered as a fine spray to control fire and cool adjacent area.

Avoid spraying water onto liquid pools.

Do not approach containers suspected to be hot.

Cool fire exposed containers with water spray from a protected location.

If safe to do so, remove containers from path of fire.
FIRE/EXPLOSION HAZARD

Combustible.

Slight fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame.

Heating may cause expansion or decomposition leading to violent rupture of containers.

On combustion, may emit toxic fumes of carbon monoxide (CO).

May emit acrid smoke.

Mists containing combustible materials may be explosive.
Other combustion products include: carbon dioxide (CO2) and sulfur oxides (SOx).
FIRE INCOMPATIBILITY
Avoid contamination with strong oxidising agents as ignition may result.
HAZCHEM
None

Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
MINOR SPILLS
Slippery when spilt.

Remove all ignition sources.

Clean up all spills immediately.

Avoid breathing vapours and contact with skin and eyes.

Control personal contact by using protective equipment.

Contain and absorb spill with sand, earth, inert material or vermiculite.

Wipe up.

Place in a suitable labelled container for waste disposal.
MAJOR SPILLS
Slippery when spilt.
Remove all ignition sources.
Minor hazard.

Clear area of personnel.

Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard.

Control personal contact by using protective equipment as required.

Prevent spillage from entering drains or water ways.

Contain spill with sand, earth or vermiculite.

Collect recoverable product into labelled containers for recycling.

Absorb remaining product with sand, earth or vermiculite and place in appropriate containers for disposal.

Wash area and prevent runoff into drains or waterways.

If contamination of drains or waterways occurs, advise emergency services.
SAFE STORAGE WITH OTHER CLASSIFIED CHEMICALS

X X + X X +
X: Must not be stored together
O: May be stored together with specific preventions
+: May be stored together

Personal Protective Equipment advice is contained in Section 8 of the MSDS.

Section 7 - HANDLING AND STORAGE

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Hazard Alert Code:
LOW SULPHUR FUEL OIL HIGH
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW) Revision No: 2.0 Chemwatch 45719
Issue Date: 6-Dec-2007 CD 2008/2

PROCEDURE FOR HANDLING

Avoid smoking, naked lights or ignition sources.

Limit all unnecessary personal contact.

Wear protective clothing when risk of exposure occurs.

Use in a well-ventilated area.

Avoid contact with incompatible materials.

When handling, DO NOT eat, drink or smoke.

Keep containers securely sealed when not in use.

Avoid physical damage to containers.

Always wash hands with soap and water after handling.

Work clothes should be laundered separately.

Use good occupational work practice.

Observe manufacturer's storing and handling recommendations.

Atmosphere should be regularly checked against established exposure standards to ensure safe working conditions are maintained.
SUITABLE CONTAINER

Metal can or drum

Packaging as recommended by manufacturer.

Check all containers are clearly labelled and free from leaks.
STORAGE INCOMPATIBILITY
Avoid storage with oxidisers.
STORAGE REQUIREMENTS

Store in original containers.

Keep containers securely sealed.

No smoking, naked lights or ignition sources.

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area.

Store away from incompatible materials and foodstuff containers.

Protect containers against physical damage and check regularly for leaks.

Observe manufacturer's storing and handling recommendations.

Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION

EXPOSURE CONTROLS
Source Material TWA ppm TWA mg/m³ STEL ppm STEL mg/m³ Peak ppm Peak mg/m³ TWA F/CC
Australia Exposure Standards hydrogen sulfide (Hydrogen sulphide) 10 14 15 21
The following materials had no OELs on our records
• clarified slurry oils: CAS:64741-62-4
EMERGENCY EXPOSURE LIMITS
Material Revised IDLH Value (mg/m3) Revised IDLH Value (ppm)
hydrogen sulfide 100
ODOUR SAFETY FACTOR (OSF)
OSF=1.2E3 (HYDROGEN SULFIDE)
Exposed individuals are reasonably expected to be warned, by smell, that the Exposure Standard is being exceeded.
Odour Safety Factor (OSF) is determined to fall into either Class A or B.
The Odour Safety Factor (OSF) is defined as:
OSF= Exposure Standard (TWA) ppm/ Odour Threshold Value (OTV) ppm
Classification into classes follows:
Class OSF Description
Over 90% of exposed individuals are aware by
smell that the Exposure Standard (TLV-TWA for
A 550
example) is being reached, even when distracted
by working activities
B 26-550 As "A" for 50-90% of persons being distracted
As "A" for less than 50% of persons being
C 1-26
distracted
10-50% of persons aware of being tested perceive
D 0.18-1 by smell that the Exposure Standard is being
reached
As "D" for less than 10% of persons aware of being
E <0.18
tested
.
MATERIAL DATA
WARNING: This substance is classified by the NOHSC as Category 2 Probable Human Carcinogen.
INGREDIENT DATA
HYDROGEN SULFIDE:
Sensory irritants are chemicals that produce temporary and undesirable side-effects on the eyes, nose or throat. Historically occupational exposure
standards for these irritants have been based on observation of workers' responses to various airborne concentrations. Present day expectations require that
nearly every individual should be protected against even minor sensory irritation and exposure standards are established using uncertainty factors or safety
factors of 5 to 10 or more. On occasion animal no-observable-effect-levels (NOEL) are used to determine these limits where human results are unavailable.
An additional approach, typically used by the TLV committee (USA) in determining respiratory standards for this group of chemicals, has been to assign
ceiling values (TLV C) to rapidly acting irritants and to assign short-term exposure limits (TLV STELs) when the weight of evidence from irritation,
bioaccumulation and other endpoints combine to warrant such a limit. In contrast the MAK Commission (Germany) uses a five-category system based on
intensive odour, local irritation, and elimination half-life. However this system is being replaced to be consistent with the European Union (EU) Scientific
Committee for Occupational Exposure Limits (SCOEL); this is more closely allied to that of the USA.
OSHA (USA) concluded that exposure to sensory irritants can:

cause inflammation

cause increased susceptibility to other irritants and infectious agents

lead to permanent injury or dysfunction

permit greater absorption of hazardous substances and

acclimate the worker to the irritant warning properties of these substances thus increasing the risk of overexposure.
Odour Threshold Value for hydrogen sulfide: 0.0011 ppm (detection), 0.0045 ppm (recognition)
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Hazard Alert Code:
LOW SULPHUR FUEL OIL HIGH
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW) Revision No: 2.0 Chemwatch 45719
Issue Date: 6-Dec-2007 CD 2008/2

NOTE: Detector tubes for hydrogen sulfide, measuring in excess of 0.5 ppm are available commercially.
The TLV-TWA is protective against sudden death, eye irritation, neurasthenic symptoms such as fatigue, headache, dizziness, and irritability, or permanent
central nervous system effects that may result from acute, subchronic, or acute exposure to hydrogen sulfide. The offensive odour of hydrogen sulfide does
not give a reliable warning signal because olfactory fatigue occurs at concentrations of 150 to 200 ppm.
Hydrogen sulfide is probably the leading cause of sudden death in the workplace. Lethal hydrogen sulfide toxicity following inhalation of 1000-2000 ppm
paralyses the respiratory centre and causes breathing to stop. At concentrations between 500 to 1000 pm, the carotid bodies are stimulated causing
hypernea which is followed by apnea. Low concentrations
(50-1500 ppm) produce eye and respiratory tract irritation. Prolonged exposure to concentrations of the order of 250-500 ppm may produce pulmonary
oedema although 50 ppm has also reportedly produced this effect.
Concentrations in excess of 50 ppm produce acute conjunctivitis with pain, lachrymation and photophobia. These acute changes may progress to
keratoconjunctivitis and vesiculation of the corneal epithelium.
Concentrations between 5 and 30 ppm produce ocular toxicity.
Odour Safety Factor(OSF)
OSF=1.2E3 (HYDROGEN SULFIDE.
ES TWA: simple asphyxiant TLV TWA: simple asphyxiant
Simple asphyxiants are gases which, when present in high concentrations, reduce the oxygen content in air below that required to support breathing,
consciousness and life; loss of consciousness, with death by suffocation may rapidly occur in an oxygen deficient atmosphere.
CARE: Most simple asphyxiants are odourless and there is no warning on entry into an oxygen deficient atmosphere. If there is any doubt, oxygen content
can be checked simply and quickly. It may not be appropriate to only recommend an exposure standard for simple asphyxiants rather it is essential that
sufficient oxygen be maintained. Air normally has 21 percent oxygen by volume, with 18 percent regarded as minimum under normal atmospheric pressure
to maintain consciousness / life. At pressures significantly higher or lower than normal atmospheric pressure, expert guidance should be sought.
Exposed individuals are reasonably expected to be warned, by smell, that the Exposure Standard is being exceeded.
Odour Safety Factor (OSF) is determined to fall into either Class A or B.
The Odour Safety Factor (OSF) is defined as:
OSF= Exposure Standard (TWA) ppm/ Odour Threshold Value (OTV) ppm
Classification into classes follows:
Class OSF Description
Over 90% of exposed individuals are aware by
smell that the Exposure Standard (TLV-TWA for
A 550
example) is being reached, even when distracted
by working activities
B 26-550 As "A" for 50-90% of persons being distracted
As "A" for less than 50% of persons being
C 1-26
distracted
10-50% of persons aware of being tested perceive
D 0.18-1 by smell that the Exposure Standard is being
reached
As "D" for less than 10% of persons aware of being
E <0.18
tested
.
PERSONAL PROTECTION

EYE
No special equipment for minor exposure i.e. when handling small quantities.

OTHERWISE:

Safety glasses with side shields.

Contact lenses may pose a special hazard; soft contact lenses may absorb and concentrate irritants. A written policy document, describing the wearing of
lens or restrictions on use, should be created for each workplace or task. This should include a review of lens absorption and adsorption for the class of
chemicals in use and an account of injury experience. Medical and first-aid personnel should be trained in their removal and suitable equipment should be
readily available. In the event of chemical exposure, begin eye irrigation immediately and remove contact lens as soon as practicable. Lens should be
removed at the first signs of eye redness or irritation - lens should be removed in a clean environment only after workers have washed hands thoroughly.
[CDC NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin 59]
HANDS/FEET
No special equipment needed when handling small quantities.
OTHERWISE: Wear chemical protective gloves, eg. PVC.
Safety footwear may be required.
OTHER

Overalls.

Eyewash unit.
The local concentration of material, quantity and conditions of use determine the type of personal protective equipment required.
For further information consult site specific CHEMWATCH data (if available), or your Occupational Health and Safety Advisor.
ENGINEERING CONTROLS
General exhaust is adequate under normal operating conditions. Local exhaust ventilation may be required in specific circumstances. If risk of overexposure
exists, wear approved respirator. Correct fit is essential to obtain adequate protection. Provide adequate ventilation in warehouse or closed storage areas. Air
contaminants generated in the workplace possess varying "escape" velocities which, in turn, determine the "capture velocities" of fresh circulating air
required to effectively remove the contaminant.
Type of Contaminant: Air Speed:
solvent, vapours, degreasing etc., evaporating from tank (in still air). 0.25-0.5 m/s (50-100 f/min)
aerosols, fumes from pouring operations, intermittent container filling, low
speed conveyer transfers, welding, spray drift, plating acid fumes, pickling 0.5-1 m/s (100-200 f/min.)
(released at low velocity into zone of active generation)
direct spray, spray painting in shallow booths, drum filling, conveyer loading,
1-2.5 m/s (200-500 f/min.)
crusher dusts, gas discharge (active generation into zone of rapid air motion)

grinding, abrasive blasting, tumbling, high speed wheel generated dusts 2.5-10 m/s (500-2000 f/min.)
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Hazard Alert Code:
LOW SULPHUR FUEL OIL HIGH
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW) Revision No: 2.0 Chemwatch 45719
Issue Date: 6-Dec-2007 CD 2008/2

(released at high initial velocity into zone of very high rapid air motion).
Within each range the appropriate value depends on:
Lower end of the range Upper end of the range
1: Room air currents minimal or favourable to capture 1: Disturbing room air currents
2: Contaminants of low toxicity or of nuisance value only. 2: Contaminants of high toxicity
3: Intermittent, low production. 3: High production, heavy use
4: Large hood or large air mass in motion 4: Small hood-local control only
Simple theory shows that air velocity falls rapidly with distance away from the opening of a simple extraction pipe. Velocity generally decreases with the
square of distance from the extraction point (in simple cases). Therefore the air speed at the extraction point should be adjusted, accordingly, after reference
to distance from the contaminating source. The air velocity at the extraction fan, for example, should be a minimum of 1-2 m/s (200-400 f/min) for extraction
of solvents generated in a tank 2 meters distant from the extraction point. Other mechanical considerations, producing performance deficits within the
extraction apparatus, make it essential that theoretical air velocities are multiplied by factors of 10 or more when extraction systems are installed or used.

Section 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

APPEARANCE
Family of products which vary in their physical properties as a result of variations in production. Data presented here is for typical family member. Brown
liquid with distinct odour; does not mix with water.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Liquid.
Does not mix with water.
Sinks in water.
Molecular Weight: Not applicable Boiling Range (°C): >232
Melting Range (°C): 18 (pour point) Specific Gravity (water=1): 1.1
Solubility in water (g/L): Immiscible pH (as supplied): Not applicable
pH (1% solution): Not applicable Vapour Pressure (kPa): Not available
Volatile Component (%vol): Not available Evaporation Rate: Not available
Relative Vapour Density (air=1): Not available Flash Point (°C): 66
Lower Explosive Limit (%): Not available Upper Explosive Limit (%): Not available
Autoignition Temp (°C): Not available Decomposition Temp (°C): Not available
State: Liquid

Section 10 - CHEMICAL STABILITY AND REACTIVITY INFORMATION

CONDITIONS CONTRIBUTING TO INSTABILITY

Presence of incompatible materials.

Product is considered stable.

Hazardous polymerisation will not occur.

Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS
ACUTE HEALTH EFFECTS
SWALLOWED
The material is. slightly discomforting to the gastro-intestinal tract.
Considered an unlikely route of entry in commercial/industrial environments.
EYE
The material is. slightly discomforting to the eyes.
SKIN
The material is. discomforting and harmful to the skin and is capable of causing skin reactions from repeated exposures over long periods which may lead to
dermatitis.
INHALED
Not normally a hazard due to non-volatile nature of product.
The vapour/mist is. moderately discomforting to the upper respiratory tract.
Inhalation hazard is increased at higher temperatures.
Inhaling high concentrations of mixed hydrocarbons can cause narcosis, with nausea, vomiting and lightheadedness. Low molecular weight (C2-C12)
hydrocarbons can irritate mucous membranes and cause incoordination, giddiness, nausea, vertigo, confusion, headache, appetite loss, drowsiness, tremors
and stupor. Massive exposures can lead to severe central nervous system depression, deep coma and death. Convulsions can occur due to brain irritation
and/or lack of oxygen. Permanent scarring may occur, with epileptic seizures and brain bleeds occurring months after exposure. Respiratory system effects
include inflammation of the lungs with oedema and bleeding. Lighter species mainly cause kidney and nerve damage; the heavier paraffins and olefins are
especially irritant to the respiratory system. Alkenes produce pulmonary oedema at high concentrations. Liquid paraffins may produce sensation loss and
depressant actions leading to weakness, dizziness, slow and shallow respiration, unconsciousness, convulsions and death. C5-7 paraffins may also produce
multiple nerve damage. Aromatic hydrocarbons accumulate in lipid rich tissues (typically the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves) and may produce
functional impairment manifested by nonspecific symptoms such as nausea, weakness, fatigue, vertigo; severe exposures may produce inebriation or
unconsciousness. Many of the petroleum hydrocarbons can sensitise the heart and may cause ventricular fibrillation, leading to death.
Hydrogen sulfide poisoning can cause increased secretion of saliva, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, giddiness, headache, vertigo, memory loss, palpitations,
heartbeat irregularities, weakness, muscle cramps, confusion, sudden collapse, unconsciousness and death due to paralysis of breathing (at levels above
300 parts per million). The "rotten egg" odour is not a good indicator of exposure since odour fatigue occurs and odour is lost at over 200 ppm. The gas can
enter the body through a punctured ear drum and even when wearing some respiratory protection. Immediate supportive care is essential. Ensure medical
help is addressed as part of the site emergency plan and that employees who may be accidentally exposed are made aware of the existence of such a plan.
CHRONIC HEALTH EFFECTS
High boiling, catalytically cracked distillates produce a high incidence of benign and malignant skin tumours when applied to the skin of mice, rabbits and
monkeys. Tumour incidence appears to increase with boiling point; further fraction of the distillate shows this activity to be maximal in the fraction having
boiling points of 500-520 C and is concentrated in the aromatic fraction.
Constant or exposure over long periods to mixed hydrocarbons may produce stupor with dizziness, weakness and visual disturbance, weight loss and
anaemia, and reduced liver and kidney function. Skin exposure may result in drying and cracking and redness of the skin. Chronic exposure to lighter
hydrocarbons can cause nerve damage, peripheral neuropathy, bone marrow dysfunction and psychiatric disorders as well as damage the liver and kidneys.
Oil may contact the skin or be inhaled. Extended exposure can lead to eczema, inflammation of hair follicles, pigmentation of the face and warts on the soles
of the feet. Exposure to oil mists can cause asthma, pneumonia and scarring of the lungs. Oils have been linked to cancer of the skin and scrotum.
Compounds that are less viscous and with smaller molecular weights are more dangerous. There may be liver damage and the lymph nodes may be
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Hazard Alert Code:
LOW SULPHUR FUEL OIL HIGH
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW) Revision No: 2.0 Chemwatch 45719
Issue Date: 6-Dec-2007 CD 2008/2

affected; heart inflammation can also occur at high doses.

TOXICITY AND IRRITATION
unless otherwise specified data extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances.
TOXICITY IRRITATION
Oral (rat) LD50: 4300 mg/kg Nil Reported
Dermal (rabbit) LD50: >2000 mg/kg
Reproductive effector in rats.
NOTE: Substance has been shown to be mutagenic in at least one assay, or belongs to a family of chemicals producing damage or change to cellular DNA.
HYDROGEN SULFIDE:
unless otherwise specified data extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances.
TOXICITY IRRITATION
Inhalation (human) LDLo: 5.7 mg/kg Nil Reported
Inhalation (human) LCLo: 600 ppm/30m
Inhalation (human) LCLo: 800 ppm/5m

Section 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION

No data for clarified slurry oils.
Refer to data for ingredients, which follows:
HYDROGEN SULFIDE:
Fish LC50 (96hr.) (mg/l): 0.0071- 0.5
Do NOT allow product to come in contact with surface waters or to intertidal areas below the mean high water mark. Do not contaminate water when
cleaning equipment or disposing of equipment wash-waters.
Wastes resulting from use of the product must be disposed of on site or at approved waste sites.
Sulfide ion is very toxic to aquatic life, threshold concentration for fresh or saltwater fish is 0.5ppm. The product therefore is very toxic to aquatic life. The
major decomposition product, hydrogen sulfide, is damaging to vegetation at 5ppm for 24 hours.
Since hydrogen sulfide exists as a gas at atmospheric pressure, partitioning to the air is likely to occur after environmental releases. However, the compound
is also soluble in oil and water, and therefore, may partition as well to surface water, groundwater, or moist soil. In addition, sorption of hydrogen sulfide from
air onto soil and plant foliage occurs. Hydrogen sulfide's solubility in pure water varies with temperature from 5.3 g/L at 10 °C to 3.2 g/L at 30 °C. Once
hydrogen sulfide is dissolved in water, it will dissociate into bisulfide ion (HS-) and sulfide ion (S2-); the ratio of the concentrations of these various ions will
depend on the pH of the solution. Hydrogen sulfide can also form insoluble sulfide salts with various metals (i.e., copper, zinc, nickel, and iron) that may be
present in soils or environmental waters .
Hydrogen sulfide evaporates easily from water, and the rate of evaporation depends on factors such as temperature, humidity, pKa, pH, and the
concentration of certain metal ions. Hydrogen sulfide will cross the air-water interface with kinetics similar to other unreactive gases, such as oxygen (O2),
nitrogen (N2), and carbon dioxide (CO2), at pHs <=6. At higher pHs, such as seawater, which has a pH of 8 or greater, hydrogen sulfide escape is enhanced
due to an ionic species gradient in the water close to the surface. Complexation of bisulfide and sulfide ions to trace metal ions (i.e., Zn2+, Co2+, and Ni2+)
found in seawater will also have an effect on the transport of hydrogen sulfide across the air-water interface.
Clay or organic matter may sorb hydrogen sulfide. Under natural conditions, it is likely that some of the hydrogen sulfide would be oxidized to sulfate, which
may be removed by leaching or taken up by plants. This, in turn, may make gas sorption sites available for additional sorption. Several species of soil,
aquatic, and marine microorganisms oxidize hydrogen sulfide to elemental sulfur, and its half-time in these environments usually ranges from 1 hour to
several hours .Food chain bioconcentration and biomagnification are unlikely.
In the atmosphere, hydrogen sulfide may be oxidized by oxygen (O2) and ozone (O3) to give sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ultimately sulfate compounds. Sulfur
dioxide and sulfates are eventually removed from the atmosphere through absorption by plants, deposition on and sorption by soils, or through precipitation .
A residence time of approximately 1.7 days at an ozone concentration of 0.05 mg/m3 has been calculated for hydrogen sulfide. The effective life-times for
hydrogen sulfide based on summer daytime and yearly average hydroxyl radical concentrations have been estimated to be 0.23 and 2.3 days, respectively,
based a measured rate constant of 4.8x10-12 cm3/molecule second. Life-times in air ranging from approximately 1 day in the summer to 42 days in the winter
have been estimated for hydrogen sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide is not expected to be decomposed by direct absorption of ultraviolet radiation and the reaction
with ozone is not expected to be a significant environmental fate.
In aqueous solution, hydrogen sulfide is a weak acid, exhibiting two acid dissociation constants. The first dissociation yields bisulfide ion (HS–), and the
second yields sulfide ion (S2–), with pKa values for each of these dissociations of 7.04 and 11.96, respectively. At a pH of 7.0, the ratio of the concentration
of aqueous hydrogen sulfide to bisulfate ion is approximately 1-to-1. As the pH increases above 7.0, the ratio of the concentration of bisulfide ion to aqueous
hydrogen sulfide increases. At a pH of 8, the ratio of the concentration of bisulfide ion to the concentration of aqueous hydrogen sulfide is approximately 10-
to-1. The relative concentration of sulfide ion does not begin to increase until a pH of 11 is exceeded; only above pH 12 will the concentration of sulfide ion
become significant (>50%). Hydrogen sulfide oxidation by O2 readily occurs in surface waters. At 25 °C and pH 8, half-times of 50 and 26 hours were
reported for hydrogen sulfide in water and seawater, respectively. Above pH 8, however, the rate of oxidation was independent of pH.
Hydrogen sulfide in waste water may be controlled by addition of oxidizing chemicals, which react to form less toxic byproducts. In warm, damp environments
(such as manholes and gravity sewers), hydrogen sulfide may be oxidized by autotrophic bacteria to sulfuric acid . Chemical oxidation of hydrogen sulfide
dissolved in sewage water produces sulfur at pH 6–7, while sulfur, polysulfides, thiosulfates, and ultimately sulfate are formed at pHs of 7–9 .
Hydrogen sulfide is one of the principal components in the natural sulfur cycle. Bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes (a fungus-like bacteria) release hydrogen
sulfide during the decomposition of sulfur containing proteins and by the direct reduction of sulfate (SO42-). Hydrogen sulfide is also consumed by bacteria
found in soil and water that oxidize hydrogen sulfide to elemental sulfur. Photosynthetic bacteria can oxidize hydrogen sulfide to sulfur and sulfate in the
presence of light and the absence of oxygen.
A number of microorganisms have been found to degrade hydrogen sulfide to elemental sulfur or sulfate. Among these are a heterotrophic bacterium of the
genus Xanthomonas isolated from dimethyl disulfide-acclimated peat, heterotrophic fungi, and a marine isopod. Soils may sorb considerable amounts of
hydrogen sulfide from the air, retaining most of it in the form of elemental sulfur. Manganese compound found in these soils appeared to catalyze the
oxidation of hydrogen sulfide to elemental sulfur.
DO NOT discharge into sewer or waterways.
The material is classified as an ecotoxin* because the Fish LC50 (96 hours) is less than or equal to 0.1 mg/l
* Classification of Substances as Ecotoxic (Dangerous to the Environment)
Appendix 8, Table 1
Compiler's Guide for the Preparation of International Chemical Safety Cards: 1993 Commission of the European Communities.
Toxicity Fish: LC50(96)75->395ug/L
Degradation Biological: sig

Section 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS

Recycle wherever possible or consult manufacturer for recycling options.

Consult State Land Waste Authority for disposal.

Bury or incinerate residue at an approved site.

Recycle containers if possible, or dispose of in an authorised landfill.
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Hazard Alert Code:
LOW SULPHUR FUEL OIL HIGH
Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW) Revision No: 2.0 Chemwatch 45719
Issue Date: 6-Dec-2007 CD 2008/2

Section 14 - TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION

Labels Required: COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID, regulated under AS1940 for Bulk Storage purposes only.
HAZCHEM: None
NOT REGULATED FOR TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS:UN, IATA,
IMDG

Section 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION

POISONS SCHEDULE
None
REGULATIONS
clarified slurry oils (CAS: 64741- 62- 4) is found on the following regulatory lists;
Australia Hazardous Substances
Australia High Volume Industrial Chemical List (HVICL)
Australia Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS)
OECD Representative List of High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals

Section 16 - OTHER INFORMATION

Classification of the preparation and its individual components has drawn on official and authoritative sources as well as independent review by the
Chemwatch Classification committee using available literature references.
A list of reference resources used to assist the committee may be found at:
www.chemwatch.net/references.
The (M)SDS is a Hazard Communication tool and should be used to assist in the Risk Assessment. Many factors determine whether the reported Hazards
are Risks in the workplace or other settings. Risks may be determined by reference to Exposures Scenarios. Scale of use, frequency of use and current or
available engineering controls must be considered.
This document is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, review or criticism, as permitted under the Copyright Act,
no part may be reproduced by any process without written permission from CHEMWATCH. TEL (+61 3) 9572 4700.

Issue Date: 6-Dec-2007

Print Date: 3-Jun-2008