Grammer

ActivityGrammar for all
Based Grammar for my

class IX
dear students
Grammar Activity Sheet No. 01

Parts of Speech
Pronoun
Noun सववनाम
नाम Adjective
ववशेषण
Interjection
Adverb
उद्गारवाचक अव्यय Parts of
क्रियाववशेषण
Speech
Conjunction
उभयान्वयी अव्यय Verb
क्रियापद
Preposition
शब्दयोगी अव्यय
(1) Nouns: (5) verbs:

The name of things, places, animals, people, Words that express or state are called verbs.
qualities or feelings are called Nouns. Ex. (1) They went to school.
Ex. (thing) - book, computer (2) He wrote a letter.
(Persons) - Boy, girl (3) He made a kite.
(Places)- Shahapur, Mumbai
(Animals)-dog, cat
(Qualities)- Courage, brave (6) Prepositions:
(Emotions)-fear Prepositions are the words that are used
before a Noun or a pronoun to show the
relationship of these words (Noun or
(2) Pronouns: Pronoun) to some other part of the
Pronouns are the words that are used in sentences.
place of nouns. Ex. He came with me.
Ex. I, we, you, he, she, it, they, me, us, him, The book is on the table.
her, them, our, etc. I go to school by bus.
(7) Conjunctions:
Conjunctions are words that join together
(3) Adjectives: two or more words or sentences.
Words that are used to describe a noun are Ex. (1) Sakshi and Arya are sisters.
called Adjectives. (2) Santosh is poor but honest.
Ex. new shirt, sweet mangoes, brave siblings, (3)They must work or they will starve.
fast train, small village
(4) Adverbs: (8) Interjections:

Words that tells us something more about Words that express an emotion or some
verbs or Adjectives or other Adverbs are sudden feelings are called Interjections.
called Adverbs. Ex. (1) Hurrah! We have won the match.
Ex. (1) He ran fast. (2) Alas! He is no more.
(2) My laptop is there. (3) Oh! He has dropped the catch.
(3) He met me yesterday.
1) Activity Based Grammar Book By Mr. Suresh Harad (Sir)

A1. Classification of words
Write the words given below correctly in the table.
manager, carefully, survive, ferocious, often, ivory, begin, desperately, rifle, professional, importance,
national, remember, very, happy, instantly, strange, interesting, speak, coach, modern, dedicate,
communication, guide, always, prepare, now,
Nouns Adjectives Verbs Adverbs
A2. Find
Find out if the underlined words are nouns, adjectives, verbs or adverbs
(1) It was very busy morning.
(2) It was a lovely morning.
(3) This is the fast train.
(4) They were watching the sky carefully.
(5) You might eat up some of my acorns.
(6) He always welcomes his students.
(7) She looked pale.
(8) Every child has a right to education.
(9) Baba began to read extensively about leprosy.
(10) The thief held on tightly to the tiger’s back.
(11) He must be more powerful than me.
(12) Baba was deeply influenced by a saint called sane Guruji.
A3. Parts of Speech

Write what parts of speech the underlined words in each sentence given below are.
(1) Samir and John are watching film quietly.
(i) Samir – (iii) and –
(ii) are watching – (iv) film –
(v) quietly –
(2) You have a right to say so.
(i) you – (ii) right –
(3) Turn to your right side.
(i) turn – (ii) right –
(4) He answered right.
(i) answered — (ii) right—
(5) Oh! He has dropped the catch.
(i) Oh! — (ii) he —
(iii) has dropped — (iv) catch —

Tenses
Tenses
Present tense Past tense Future tense
Each tense has four forms
Simple Simple Simple
Continuous / Progressive Continuous / Progressive Continuous / Progressive

tense
Perfect Perfect Perfect
Perfect Continuous Perfect Continuous Perfect Continuous
The Present Tense
(1) The Simple Present Tense (साधा वर्वमानकाळ)

 The simple present tense is used: काळ ओळखणे म्हणजे क्रियापदाचे
(1) To express habits रूप (Form) ओळखणे.
(2) To express general truths
(3) For repeated actions or events
(4) To give instructions or directions:
(5) To express fixed arrangements, present or future:
(6) To express emotions and wishes:
 The structure of the Simple Present tense (Affirmative)

(Subject + first form of the main verb + ………….)
(S + first form of the main verb- s/es in third person singular (He, She, It) + ……...)
Examples:
(1) I eat a mango. (मी आंबा खार्ो. /खार्े.) काळ बदलणे म्हणजे क्रियापदाचे
(2) At the weekend, we usually go to the market.
रूप (Form) बदलणे.
(3) He drinks tea at breakfast.
(4) He goes to school every morning.
(5) He works very hard.
(6) It snows in winter.
(7) People need food. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
(8) Plants die without water. साधा वर्वमानकाळ
(9) She enjoys playing the piano. मराठीर् क्रियेला – र्ो, र्े, र्ार्,
र्ोस, र्ेस प्रत्येय लागतात
(10) She speaks English. उदा. खातो, खाते, खातात, खातोस,
(11) She gets up at seven o'clock every day. खातेस
(12) The earth revolves around the sun.
(13) The sun rises in the east.
(14) They watch television regularly.
(15) Two and two make four.
(16) Water freezes at zero degrees.
(17) We catch the bus every morning.
(18) We often go to the cinema.
(19) Your exam starts at 11.00
 Rules:
(1) The form of the verb in the simple present tense changes according to the subject in the
sentence. Sometimes the base form of the verb is used. Sometimes ‘-s’ or ‘-es’ form of the
verb is used.
साध्या वततमानकाळात कत्यातप्रमाणे क्रियापदाचे रूप बदलते. काही वेळा मळ
ू क्रियापद, तर काही वेळा ‘s’
क्रकिंवा ‘es’ प्रत्यय जोडून क्रियापद वापरले जाते.
(2) The base form of the verb is used with the subjects ‘I’, ‘We’, ‘You’, ‘They’ and plural nouns.
अनेकवचनी नामािंकरता व ‘I’, ‘We’, ‘You’ व ‘They’ करता क्रियापदाचे मूळ रूप वापरावे लागते.
(3) The ‘-s’ or ‘-es’ form of the verb is used with the subjects ‘He’, ‘She’, ‘It’ and singular nouns.
/ If the subject is he, she, or it, add -s or -es to the simple form of the verb.
ृ ीय पुरुषी एकवचनी नामािंकरता व He, She, It करता क्रियापदाचे ‘-s’क्रकिंवा‘-es’ प्रत्यय जोडलेले रूप वापरले जाते.
तत
(4) क्रियापदाच्या शेवटी ss, sh, ch, x क्रकिंवा ‘o’ यापैकी अक्षरे असतात त्या क्रियापदािंना ‘es’ हा प्रत्यय लावावा
लागतो.
 Negative structure of the Simple Present tense

(Subject + do/does + not + first form of the main verb + ……)
Examples:
(i) I do not eat a mango. (मी आंबा खार् नाही.)
(ii) They do not watch television regularly.
(iii) He doesn’t like dancing.
(iv) Radha never comes late to class.
(v) We don’t like to quarrel with each other.
 Interrogative structure of the Simple Present tense
Verbal Questions -- Do/Does + S + first form of the main verb + ……?
‘Wh’ type Question – Wh-word + do/does + S + first form of the main verb + ……?
 Examples:
(i) Do I eat a mango?
(ii) Do you speak English?
(iii) Does she go to market?
(iv) Does the class start at 8 a.m.?
 Things to remember
Personal am/is/are was/were do/does have/has will/shall had did Simple present
Pronouns main verb
I am was do have shall had did eat
We are were do have shall had did eat
You are were do have will had did eat
He is was does has will had did eats
She is was does has will had did eats
It is was does has will had did eats
They are were do have will had did eat

Activity-1
Underline the verb/verb phrase from the following sentences.
(1) Arya always goes to school.
(2) Birds do not like milk.
(3) Cats like milk.
(4) Classes begin next week.
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
(5) Do you play football?
(Interrogative)
(6) Does he speak English?
(Do/Does + S + First form
(7) He collects shells at the beach.
of the main verb +…?)
(8) He does not drive a car.
(9) He drinks tea every morning.
(10) He needs help right now.
(11) He tries very hard.
(12) He works as a teacher. Irregular verbs
(13) He writes for a living.  Arise – arose -- arisen
(14) I always take a shower.  Bear--bore--born / borne
(15) I get up at 6 o’clock every morning.  Beat--beat--beaten
 Become-- became-- become
(16) I go to bed at 11:00.  Begin—began--begun
(17) I go to the gym on Monday and Friday  Bend—bent-- bent-
(18) I hate living here because it always rains.  Bind—bound--bound
(19) I know what to do.  Bite-bit- bitten
(20) I never eat anything after 10 p.m.  Blow-blew-blown
 Break- broke- broken
(21) I play tennis every Sunday.  Bring-brought- brought
(22) I walk every day.  Build-built-built
(23) I walk to school.  Burn-burnt- burnt
(24) Jagan plays badminton every evening.  Buy-bought-bought
 Catch- caught-caught
(25) Manisha comes to school by bus.  Choose - chose-chosen
(26) Meena prays every morning.  Cling-clung-clung
(27) Most children love chocolate.  Come –came-come
(28) Mr. Suresh teaches us English.  Cost- cost- cost
(29) My mother usually prepares breakfast at 10 a.m.  Creep-crept-crept
 Cut-cut-cut
(30) My sister always watches the TV in the evening.  Dig-dug-dug
(31) My train arrives tomorrow.  Do- did-done
(32) My watch keeps correct time.  Draw-drew-drawn
(33) Our holiday starts on the 2nd May.  Dream-dreamt-dreamt
 Drink-drank-drunk
(34) People need food.  Drive-drove-driven
(35) Pramod likes Chinese food.  Dwell-dwelt –dwelt
(36) Pravin plays tennis once a week.  Eat – ate-eaten
(37) Rupesh doesn’t like classical music.  Fall –fell-fallen
(38) Sakshi always eats a salad for lunch.  Feed-fed-fed
 Feel-felt-felt
(39) Sameer swims in the pool.  Fight-fought-fought
(40) Sharad drives a taxi.  Find-found -found
(41) Sharad often meets with his friends after school.  Fly- flew-flown
(42) She does not play tennis.  Forbid-forbade-forbidden
 Forecast-forecast- forecast
(43) She likes dancing.  Forget-forgot-forgotten
(44) She only eats fish.  Forgive-forgave-forgiven
(45) She visits her parents every day.  Forsake-forsook-forsaken
(46) Shops shut at 9pm.  Freeze-froze-frozen
(47) The bus for Mumbai leaves at 9p.m.
(48) The dogs bark at the stranger.
(49) The moon travels around the earth.
(50) The party starts at 8 o'clock.
(51) The sun rises in the east.
(52) The sun sets in the west. Irregular verbs
(53) The train does not leave at 9 a.m.  Get-got-got
(54) The train leaves every morning at 8 a.m.  Give-gave- given
(55) They never eat meat.  Go-went-gone
(56) They play basketball every Sunday.  Grind-ground-ground
(57) They usually play football on Sunday.  Grow-grew-grown
(58) They watch television regularly.  Hang –hung-hung
(59) Tiger lives in the jungle.  Have-had- had
(60) Two and two make four.  Hear-heard-heard
(61) Umesh leaves for the U.S. in August.  Hew-hewed-hewed
(62) Water boils at 100°C.  Hide-hid-hidden
(63) Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen.  Hit-hit-hit
(64) Water freezes at zero degrees.
 Hold-held-held
(65) We do not work at night.
 Hurt-hurt- hurt
(66) We live in Shahapur.
(67) We meet every Thursday.
(68) We often go to the cinema.
(69) We play together
(70) We start work at 9 a.m. every morning.
(71) When does class begin tomorrow?
(72) When does the train usually leave?
(2) The Present Continuous (Progressive) Tense

The present continuous tense is also known as the present progressive tense and also as present
imperfect tense.
The present continuous tense is used to show an activity that is going on at the time of speaking. It
may also show a temporary situation and the present continuous tense is also used to indicate the
nearest future.
एखादी क्रिया आर्ा या क्षणी चालू आहे क्रकंवा चालू स्थिर्ीर् आहे, हे दशववण्याकरर्ा अपूणव वर्वमानकाळाचा (Present
Continuous tense) उपयोग करर्ार्.
 We use the Present Continuous to talk about:
 action happening now
 action in the future
The structure of the Present Continuous tense (Affirmative – होकारािी)

Subject + am/ is/ are + ‘ing’ form of the verb + …….
 Examples:
1. He is driving a car.
2. I am playing cricket. PRESENT
3. The baby was crying. CONTINUOUS TENSE
4. The birds are flying to their nests. अपूणव वर्वमानकाळ
5. The humans are still destroying themselves. मराठीत क्रियेला –
र्-आहे /आहे र् असे
6. The sparrow is nesting in my house. प्रत्यय लागतात
7. They are arriving tomorrow. जात आहे , जात आहे त
8. They are reading their lessons.
9. We are working in the garden.
10. We're going on holiday tomorrow.
11. You are taking things too seriously.
 Negative structure of the Present Continuous tense
Subject + am/ is/ are + not + ‘ing’ form of the verb + ……..
 Examples:
1. He is not driving a car.
2. He is not watching TV now.
3. I am not listening to the news.
4. I am not playing cricket.
5. I am not singing a song.
6. She is not riding on a horse.
7. She is not singing classical songs.
8. Suresh is not watching movies.
9. The birds are not flying to their nests.
10. They are not playing football.
11. They are not reading their lessons.
12. We are not working in the garden.
13. You are not reading books.
14. You are not washing your clothes.
 Interrogative structure of the Present Continuous tense

Am/is/are + subject + ‘ing’ form of the verb + ………..
 Examples:
1) Am I playing cricket?
2) Is he driving a car?
3) Is she dancing on the stage?
4) Is she singing a song?
5) Are they reading their lessons?
6) Is it raining?
7) Are you going to school now?
8) Are you still working for the same company?
9) Are they visiting you next winter?
10) Am I listening to the news?
A1. Read the sentence and underline the verb/verb phrase.

(1) Are they playing football?
(2) Are you washing your clothes?
(3) He is climbing the stairs.
(4) I am listening to the news.
(5) I am making a kite.
(6) I'm meeting my boyfriend tonight.
(7) Is she riding on a horse?
(8) It is playing in the garden.
(9) It is raining heavily.
(10) It is raining.
(11) More and more people are becoming vegetarian.
(12) She is riding on horse.
(13) Suresh is reading a novel.
(14) They are playing football.
(15) You are studying English grammar.
(16) You are using the Internet.
(17) You are washing your clothes.
(3) The Present Perfect Tense
The present perfect tense is used to show an activity that began in the past, is completed in the
present, and may be true even in the future:
एखादी क्रिया / कृर्ी नक ु र्ीच पूणव झाली आहे क्रकंवा बोलण्याच्या वेळेस पूणव झाली आहे, हे व्यक्र् करण्यासाठी पूणव
वर्वमानकाळ (Present Perfect Tense)वापरर्ार्.
 Use of ‘Present Perfect Tense’:
1) An action or situation that started in the past and continues in the present.
E.g. I have lived in Canada since 1984. (And I still do)
2) An action performed during a period that has not yet finished.
E.g. She has been to the doctor twice this week. (And the week isn’t over yet)
3) A repeated action in an unspecified period between the past and now.
E.g. We have visited London several times.
4) An action that was completed in the very recent past. (expressed by ‘just’)
E.g.I have just finished my work.
5) An action when the result is very important but the time is not.
E.g. He has seen ‘Harry Potter’.
 The structure of the Present Perfect tense (Affirmative – होकारािी)

Subject + have/has + the past participle form of the main verb + …….
 Examples
1) I have eaten a mango. (मी आंबा खाल्लेला आहे .) PRESENT Perfect TENSE
2) He has taught us for the last ten years. पूणव वर्वमानकाळ
3) We have just visited the science exhibition. मराठीत क्रियेला –
ला,ली,ले -आहे /आहे र् असे
4) She has just returned from Mumbai. प्रत्यय लागतात
5) They have bought a new car.
6) I have started a job.
Negative structure of the Present Continuous tense

Subject + have / has + not + the past participle form of the main verb + ………
 Examples:
1) I have not eaten a mango.
2) She has not learnt a lesson.
3) The guests have not arrived.
4) John has not left for home.
5) You have not told a lie.
Interrogative structure of the Present Continuous tense

Have / has + subject + the past participle form of the main verb +……?
 Examples:
1) Have you eaten a mango?
2) Has she completed her homework?
3) Has he just left?
4) Has it rained?
5) Has Ramesh left for home?
6) Have they bought a new car?
7) Have they gone to school?

Q.1. Underline the verb/verb phrase from the following sentences.
1) Ganesh has still not arrived.
2) Has she ever met the Prime Minister? Irregular verbs
3) Have I started a job?  Overcome—overcame—overcome
4) Have the guests arrived?  Overeat—overate—overeaten
5) Have you ever met him?  Overhear-- overheard—overheard
 Overtake-- overtook—overtaken
6) Have you finished your homework?  Pay—paid—paid
7) Have you seen that movie many times?  Put—put-- put
8) Haven't you ever eaten Chinese food?  Read—read—read
9) He has never traveled by train.  Rebuild—rebuilt-- rebuilt
 Ride—rode--ridden
10) I have seen that movie six times in the last month.  Ring—rang--rung
11) I have worked here since 2000.  Rise—rose--risen
12) It has happened several times already.  Run—ran--run
13) Many tourists have visited that castle.  Say—said--said
14) Mohan has studied two foreign languages.  See—saw--seen
 Seek—sought--sought
15) My car has broken down three times this week.  Sell—sold--sold
16) People have travelled to the Moon.  Send—sent--sent
17) Rupesh has not finished his homework yet.  Set—set-- set
18) She has lived here for ten years.  Shake—shook—shaken
 Shine—shone--shone
19) He has lived here since 2003.  Shoot—shot--shot
20) She has visited them frequently.  Show—showed-- shown /
21) She has worked in the bank for five years. showed
22) The guests have not arrived.  Shrink--shrank / shrunk-shrunk
23) The rain hasn't stopped.  Shut—shut--shut
 Sing—sang--sung
24) They have been at the hotel for a week.  Sink—sank--sunk
25) We have been at the hotel since last Sunday.  Sit—sat--sat
26) They have gone to school.  Sleep—slept--slept
27) They have not bought a new car.  Smell—smelt--smelt
 Sneak –sneaked--sneaked
28) They have seen that film six times.
 Speak—spoke—spoken
29) We have bought a computer just now.  Spell—spelt--spelt
30) We have just seen her.  Spend—spent--spent
31) We have known each other for the past five years.  Spill—spilt--spilt
32) We have taught at this school for a long time.  Spin—spun--spun
 Split—split--split
33) We have taught at this school since 2000.  Spoil—spoilt--spoilt
34) We have visited Mumbai several times.
35) You have not seen that movie many times.
36) They have seen that movie many times.
(4) The Present Perfect Continuous tense

The present perfect continuous tense is used to show an activity that began in the past continued
up to now and still in progress in the present:
भूर्काळार् कधीर्री सुरु झालेली क्रिया / कृर्ी अजूनही चालूच राहहली आहे हे दशवववण्याकरर्ा पूण-व अपूणव वर्वमानकाळ
(Present Perfect Continuous Tense) वापरर्ार्.
For example: I have been teaching English for the last twelve years.
 We use the Present Perfect Continuous to talk about:
1) Past action recently-stopped
2) Past action still-continuing
 The structure of the Present Perfect Continuous tense (Affirmative- होकारािी)

Subject + have/has + been + ‘ing’ form of the main verb + ……..

 Examples. Irregular verbs
1) I have been eating a mango.  Spread—spread--spread
2) He has been watering the plants for two hours.  Spring—sprang--sprung
3) I have been studying since 3 O’clock.  Sweat—sweat--sweat
 Sweep—swept--swept
4) It has been raining for three days.  Swim—swam—swum
5) I have been living in Shahapur since 2003.  Swing –swung—swung
6) Sharad has been playing cricket for two hours.  Take—took--taken
7) They have been watching television since 6 O’clock.  Teach—taught--taught
8) She has been working in this office since 2007.  Tear—tore--torn
 Tell—told—told
9) I have been teaching English since 2000.  Think—thought--thought
10) They have been playing cricket since morning.  Throw—threw--thrown
 The negative structure of the Present Perfect Continuous tense

Subject + has/have not been + ‘ing’ form of the verb + ……...
 Examples.
(1) I have not been eating a mango.
(2) He has not been watering the plants for two hours.
(3) It has not been raining for three days.
(4) Sharad has not been playing cricket for two hours.
(5) Sakshi has not been watching television since 7 O’clock.
(6) Suresh has not been working in this office since 2003.
 More examples:
1. He has been playing football for a long time.
2. He has been reading a novel for two hours.
3. I have been living in Shahapur since 2005.
4. I have been studying for three hours.
5. I have been watching TV since 7pm.
6. I have been reading for 2 hours. (I am still reading now.)
7. I have been working for you for the last three months.
8. It has been raining for three days.
9. She has been working in this office since 2007.
10. She has been working there since July.
11. Tara hasn't been feeling well for two weeks.
12. They have been playing cricket since 8 O’clock.
13. They have been chatting for the last two hours.
14. We've been studying since 7o'clock. (We're still studying now.)
15. What have you been doing since I left?
 For and Since with Present Perfect Continuous Tense

We often use for and since with perfect tenses:
 We use for to talk about a period of time: three hours, two months, one decade
 We use since to talk about a point in past time: 9 o'clock, 1st January, Monday
Use of for and since
 For + a period of time
For six years, for a week, for a month, for hours, for two hours, for 30 minutes
I have worked here for five years.
 Since + a point in time
Since this morning, since last week, since yesterday,
Since I was a child, since Wednesday, since 2 o'clock, since10.00am
For can be used with all tenses. Since is usually used with perfect tenses only.

The Past Tense
(1) The Simple Past Tense
The simple past tense is used to express an action that happened once in the past:
भूर्काळार् झालेली क्रिया सांगण्यासाठी आणण ‘पूवी एखादा काय करर् असे’ अशा प्रकारे भूर्काळार्ील सवय, रीर्,
नेहमीची पध्दर् दशवववण्याकरर्ा साधा भूर्काळार् (Simple Past Tense) वापरर्ार्.
 We use the Simple Past tense when:

1) the event is in the past
2) the event is completely finished
3) we say (or understand) the time and/or place of the event
 The structure of the Simple Past tense (Affirmative –होकारािी)

Subject + past tense form of the main verb + ……..
Examples:
(1) He ate a mango.
SIMPLE PAST TENSE
(2) I killed a snake.
साधा भूर्काळ
(3) He lived in village for 10 years.
(4) I saw a movie yesterday. मराठीर् क्रियेला – ला, ली, ले,
(5) He went to Mumbai last Sunday. प्रत्यय लागर्ार् –
(6) I played cricket with my friends yesterday. उदा. खाल्ला,खाल्ली ,खाल्ले
(7) Last week we visited book exhibition.
(8) He washed his car.
 Negative structure of the Simple Past tense

Subject + did not + first form of the main verb + …….
Examples:
(1) He did not eat a mango.
(2) I did not kill a snake.
(3) They did not stay at the party the entire time.
(4) He didn't like the movie.
(5) We did not play cricket.
 Interrogative structure of the Simple Past tense

Did + subject + first form of the main verb + …….?
Examples:
1. Did he eat a mango?
2. Did I kill a snake?
3. Did you go to school the market yesterday?
4. Did you complete your work?
 Read the following sentence and underline the verb or verb phrase.
1) He gave me a gift.
2) She saw the movie yesterday.
3) They went to cinema.
4) He did not find him there.
5) We saw a movie last week.
6) Pt. Nehru sent the children of Japan a gift of an elephant.
7) Some months ago I went to Mumbai.
8) She wrote a letter to him.
9) You did not answer correctly.
10) Did they go to cinema?
11) Did you complete your homework?
12) They won the match last week.
(2) The Past Continuous tense

The past continuous tense indicates an action that was incomplete or was in progress in the past:
एखादी गोष्ट भर्
ू काळार् ववशशष्ट वेळी चालू होर्ी, हे सांगण्यासाठी अपूणव भूर्काळ (Past Continuous Tense)
वापरर्ार्.
 The structure of the Past Continuous tense (Affirmative –होकारािी)

Subject + was/were + ‘ing’ form of the verb + ……
 Examples:
1) I was eating a mango. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
अपूणव भूर्काळ
2) She was crying yesterday.
मराठीत क्रियेला –
3) They were climbing on a hill. र्- होर्ा/ होर्ी/ होर्े असे
4) He was laughing. प्रत्यय लागतात
5) You were dancing. जात होता , जात होती/ जात होते
6) We were playing cricket yesterday.
 Negative structure of the Past Continuous tense

Subject + was/were + not + ‘ing’ form of the verb + ……
 Examples:
1) I was not eating a mango.
2) She was not reading a novel.
Irregular verbs
3) She was not crying yesterday.  Keep -kept-kept
4) They were not climbing on a hill.  Knit-knit-knit
5) He was not laughing.  Know-knew-known
 Lay—laid--laid
 Interrogative structure of the Past Continuous tense  Lead—led--led
 Lean-- leant --leant
Was/were + subject + ‘ing’ form of the verb + ……?  Learn—learnt--learnt
 Leave—left--left
 Examples:  Lend—lent—lent
1) Was I eating a mango?  Lose—lost—lost
 Make –made--made
2) Was she crying yesterday?  Mean—meant--meant
3) Were they climbing on a hill?  Meet—met—met
 More Examples  Stand—stood—stood
1) They were laughing at the joker.  Steal —stole—stolen
 Stick—stuck—stuck
2) It was inspiring to watch people work so hard.
3) They were not watching TV.
4) He was taking exam last month.
5) The secretary himself was waiting at the station.
6) Was he reading a poem?
7) The level of water was rising by the minutes.
8) Her fingers were flying through the lengths of straw.
9) You were waiting for him yesterday.
10) Was she going to the market?
11) She was working in a factory.
12) It was raining yesterday.
(3) The Past Perfect Tense

The past perfect tense is used to show an activity that occurred in the past before another action
mentioned. Hence, it is always used in a sentence that also has the simple past tense:
भूतकाळात एका ववशशष्ट वेळेच्या पूवी पूणत झालेली क्रिया सािंगण्यासाठी हा काळ वापरतात क्रकिंवा भूतकाळात घडलेल्या
दोन घटनािंपैकी जज अगोदर घडते ती पूणत भूतकाळात व जज निंतर घडते ती साध्या भूतकाळात सािंगतात.
 The structure of the Past Perfect tense (Affirmative –होकारार्थी)

Subject + had + past participle form of the main verb + ……
 Examples:
1) I had eaten a mango. PAST Perfect TENSE
पूणव भूर्काळ
2) He had taken the exam last year. मराठीत क्रियेला –
3) The thief had stolen my watch. ला,ली,ले –होर्ा/ होर्ी/ होर्े असे
4) He had taken the exam last year. प्रत्यय लागतात
5) The film had started before we reached cinema.
 Negative structure of the Past Perfect tense

Subject + had + not + past participle form of the main verb + ………
 Examples:
1) He had not eaten a mango.
2) He had not taken the exam last year.
3) The thief had not stolen my watch.
4) It had not rained heavily last month.
 Interrogative structure of the Past Perfect tense

Had + subject + past participle form of the main verb + ……..?
Examples
(i) Had he eaten a mango?
(ii) Had he taken the exam last year?
(iii) Had the thief stolen my watch?
More Examples
1) She had called up the control room.
2) Around 7 p.m. the power had gone off.
3) The whole thing had happened within 10 minutes.
4) We had visited the hill station last year.
5) I had walked two miles by lunchtime.
6) I had finished my work last year.
7) He had slept.
8) She had cleaned up the room by the time he walked in.
9) It had rained heavily last month.
10) The film had started before we reached cinema.
11) They had visited a doctor.

(4) The Past Perfect continuous tense
The past perfect continuous tense is used to show an activity that occurred in the past before
another action mentioned and was still in progress at the time of speaking: भूतकाळात पूवी सुरु झालेली
क्रिया त्या ववशशष्ट वेळीही चालूच होती म्हणजेच एखादी क्रिया काही अिंशी पूणत झाली होती व काही अिंशी चालूच होती
हे दशतववण्यासाठी पूण-त अपूणत भूतकाळ (Past Continuous Tense) वापरतात.
 The structure of the Past Perfect Continuous tense (Affirmative –होकारार्थी)

Subject + had + been + ‘ing’ form of the verb + ……………………
 Examples:
1) He had been eating a mango.
2) He had been waiting for him for one hour.
3) The thief had been playing chess since 7 O’clock.
Negative structure of the Past Perfect Continuous tense

Subject + had + not + been + ‘ing’ form of the verb + ……………………
 Examples:
1) I had not been eating a mango.
2) I had not been waiting for him for one hour.
3) The thief had not been playing chess since 7 O’clock.
 Interrogative structure of the Past Perfect Continuous tense
Had + subject + been + ‘ing’ form of the verb + ……………………?
Examples:
(i) Had I been eating a mango?
(ii) Had I been waiting for him for one hour?
(iii) Had she been playing chess 7 O’clock?
 More Examples
1) He had been playing cricket for two hours.
2) It had been raining for three days.
3) I had been living in America since 2003.
4) She had been working in this office since 2007.
The Future Tense
(1) The Simple Future tense

The simple future tense is used to show some activity that will occur at a time later than the present;
i.e., the future:
जी घटना अदयाप घडायची आहे, भववष्यात व्हायची आहे , ती व्यक्त करण्याकरता हा काळ वापरतात.
 The structure of the Simple Future tense (Affirmative –होकारािी)

Subject + will /shall + first form of the main verb + ………
 Examples:
1) I shall eat a mango. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
साधा भववष्यकाळ
2) I shall buy a computer tomorrow. मराठीर् क्रियेला – ल, क्रकं वा न प्रत्यय
3) She will leave soon. लागर्ार् –
4) We shall play cricket tomorrow. उदा. खाईल, खाईन
5) She will sing a song.
 Negative structure of the Simple Future tense
Subject + will /shall + not + first form of the main verb +……..
 Examples:
1) I shall not eat a mango.
2) I shall not buy a computer tomorrow. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
 Interrogative structure of the Simple Future tense (Affirmative)
Will /shall + subject + first form of the main verb + ………? (S + will/shall + first form of the
main verb +…..)
 Examples:
(i) Shall I eat a mango?
(ii) Will they come here tomorrow? SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
 More Examples (Negative)
(i) She will send me a letter. (S + will/shall + not +first form of the main
(ii) Students will take exams at the end of semester. verb +…..)
(iii) We shall discuss this at school.
(iv) They will buy a new car the next week. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
(v) The Pattern of exam will change next year. (Interrogative)
(vi) He will attend the class regularly. Will /shall + S + first form of the main
(vii) I shall speak English. verb +…..)
(2) Future Continuous tense

The future continuous tense indicates an action that is incomplete or in progress in the future:
भववष्यकाळात एखादी क्रिया क्रकिंवा कृती चालू असेल असे दशतववण्यासाठी अपूणत भववष्यकाळ (Future Continuous
Tense) वापरतात.
 The structure of the Future Continuous Tense (Affirmative –होकारािी)
Subject + will be /shall be + ‘ing’ form of the verb + ……
FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
 Examples: अपण ू व भववष्यकाळ
(i) I shall be eating a mango. मराठीत क्रियेला –
(ii) You will be feeling well tomorrow. र्-असेल/ असेन असे
 Negative structure of the Future Continuous tense प्रत्यय लागतात
जात असेल, जात असेन
Subject + will / shall + not + be + ‘ing’ form of the verb + ………
 Examples:
(i) I shall not be eating a mango.
FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
(ii) You will not be feeling well tomorrow. (Affirmative)
(iii) He will not be reading a book tomorrow. S + will be/shall be + V-ing +……….)
(iv) They will not be playing cricket tomorrow. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
 Interrogative structure of the Future Continuous tense (Negative)
S + will not be/shall not be + V-ing
Will /shall + subject + be + ‘ing’ form of the verb + …..…? +……….)
 Examples:
(i) Shall I be eating a mango?
(ii) Will you be writing a letter?
(iii) Will you be feeling well tomorrow? FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
 More Examples: (Interrogative)
(i) He will be flying a kite. Will /Shall + S + be + V-ing +……….)
(ii) It will be raining tomorrow.
(iii) She will be enjoying her vacations.
(iv) We will be shifting to a

(3) The Future Perfect tense
It is used to express an action which will occur in future and is thought to be completed in future. It
expresses a sense of completion of an action which will occur in future.
 The structure of the Future Perfect tense (Affirmative –होकारार्थी)
Subject + shall/will have + Past Participle + …….
 Examples. FUTURE Perfect TENSE
पूणव भववष्यकाळ
(i) I shall have eaten a mango. मराठीत क्रियेला –
(ii) She will have finished the work by Wednesday. ला,ली,ले – असेल असे
(iii) I shall have left for home by the time he gets up. प्रत्यय लागतात
(iv) John will have gone tomorrow.
 Negative structure of the Future Perfect tense
Subject + shall/ will + not have + Past Participle + ……..
 Examples. Irregular verbs
(i) I shall not have finished the work by Wednesday.  Understand—understood—
(ii) You will not have started a job. understood
(iii) She will not have finished the work by Wednesday.  Undertake—undertook—
undertaken
 Interrogative structure of the Future Perfect tense  Wake—woke-- woken
Will / shall + Subject + have + Past Participle + ……….. ?  Wear—wore--worn
 Examples:  Weep—wept--wept
(i) Shall I have eaten a mango?  Wet—wet-- wet
 Win—won--won
(ii) Will he have finished the work by Wednesday?  Withdraw—withdrew--withdrawn
(iii) Will you have started a job?  Wring—wrung--wrung
 More examples:  Write—wrote--written
(i) I shall have lived in America since 2014.
(ii) They will have watched television since 6 O’clock.
(iii) It will have rained for three days.
(4) Future Perfect Continuous tense

The future perfect continuous tense is used to express a continued or ongoing action that will start
in future and is thought to be continued till sometime in future.
An action that will continue up until sometime in the future:
 The structure of the Future Perfect Continuous tense (Affirmative – होकारार्थी)
Subject + shall/will have been + ‘ing’ form of the verb + ………
 Examples:
1) I shall have been eating a mango.
2) He will have been waiting for him for an hour.
3) She will have been playing football since 2015.
 Negative structure of the Future Perfect Continuous tense

Subject + shall/will + not + have been + ‘ing’ form of the verb + ………
 Examples.
1) I shall not have been eating a mango.
2) He will not have been waiting for him for an hour.
3) She will not have been playing football since 2015.
 Interrogative structure of the Future Perfect Continuous tense

Will / shall + Subject + have been + ‘ing’ form of the verb + ………?
 Examples:
1) Shall I have been eating a mango?
2) Will he have been waiting for him for an hour?
3) Will she have been playing football since 2015?
 More examples:
1) They will have been watching television since 6 O’clock.
2) You will have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives.
3) It will have been raining for three days.
4) He will have been driving for an hour by the time he gets home.
5) In November, we will have been living in Spain for eleven years.
6) In December, I will have been working here for two years.
Activities for testing Grammar

A1. Identify the tense.
(1) The lamp was flickering inside.
(a) Present Continuous tense (b) Past Continuous tense (c) Past Perfect Continuous tense
(2) A tiger lived on the mountain behind the village.
(a) Simple Past tense (b) Past Continuous tense (c) Past Perfect Continuous tense
(3) He was desperately looking for food.
(a) Present Continuous tense (b) Past Continuous tense (c) Present Perfect Continuous tense
(4) He does not fear a fox or even a bear.
(a) Simple Past tense (b) Past Perfect Tense (c) Simple Present tense
(5) The tiger began to feel worried.
(a) Simple Future tense (b) Simple Past tense (c) Simple Present tense
(6) I will ask the oak.
(a) Simple Future tense (b) Simple Past tense (c) Simple Present tense
(7) They rub it and a genie comes out.
(a) Simple Past tense (b) Simple Present tense (c) Simple Future Tense
(8) He had jumped from the roof.
(a) Simple Past tense (b) Past Perfect Tense (c) Present Perfect tense
(9) The thief was taken aback too.
(a) Simple Past tense (b) Simple Present tense (c) Simple Future Tense
(10) He had not eaten for several days.
(a) Simple Past tense (b) Past Perfect Tense (c) Present Perfect tense
A2. Do as directed.
(i) The tiger ran for his life. (Rewrite the sentence using the Past Continuous tense)
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) They use prohibited colours. (Rewrite the sentence using the Past Perfect tense)
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) One little bird had broken its wing. (Rewrite the sentence using the Simple Present tense)
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iv) The willow did not look gentle. (Rewrite the sentence using the Simple Present tense)
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(v) The phone is not working. (Rewrite the sentence using Simple Present tense)
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(vi) He noticed some movements. (Rewrite the sentence using Past Perfect tense)
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
A3. Change
(1) Change the following sentences into ‘Past Perfect tense’ by choosing the correct alternative from
those given below:
(i) We perform many actions.
(a) have performed (b) has performed (c) had performed
(ii) He offered his services to the leprosy clinic at Warora.
(a) has offered (b) had offered (c) offered
(iii) He answered all of them enthusiastically.
(a) had answered (b) has answered (c) have answered
(iv) The painter created a beautiful painting.
(a) has created (b) had created (c) will have created
A4. Language study

Do as directed
(i) I have seen birds nesting on cell-phone towers. (Rewrite the sentence changing underlined part in
the Past Perfect action.)
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) The king started leading a sedentary lifestyle. (Rewrite the sentence changing underlined part in
the Past Perfect action.)
Ans………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) Eco-friendly Ganpatis have become hugely popular in cities. (Rewrite in present continuous tense)
Ans………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iv) Their expansion was put on hold. (Rewrite using the Present Perfect tense of the underlined verb.)
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(v) You must have read many fairy tales. (Rewrite in Simple Present tense)
Ans………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
A5. Do as directed.
(i) I have experienced some unbelievable victories. (Rewrite using the Past Perfect Tense)
Ans………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Cricket has given a lifetime of experiences. (Rewrite using the Simple Past Tense)
Ans………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) We have left a strong legacy for Mahi. (Rewrite using the Present Continuous tense)
Ans………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
A6. Identify the tense

1) Computers have entered almost all walks of life.
2) He established a network of colleges.
3) They will leave the mountains for plains.
4) He is calling you.
5) A new insecurity has entered every mind.
6) We have been living in Nagpur since 2000.
7) Sakshi has been reading that book for the last two hours.
8) We have just visited the science exhibition.

Question Tag
A1. Tail Tag  नकारार्थी वाक्याचा Q.T. होकारार्थी

Supply proper tag questions to complete. शलहावा.
1) The thief had jumped from the roof ,…………………………….
 होकारार्थी वाक्याचा Q.T. नकारार्थी
2) We are all predators and prey,…………………………………….
3) Your ivory fascinates most humans,……………………………. शलहावा.
4) We aren’t seen in Pakistan,…………………………………
5) Our tusks are meant for self defence,…………………………… ववधानार्थी वाक्यात everyone,
6) They cannot be our home,……………………………..
7) Your neighbours went on vacations,……………………………. everybody इत्यादी सवातनामािंसाठी they हे
8) The Maths test was not so difficult,……………………… सवतनाम Q.T. मध्ये वापरावे लागते.
9) We cannot solve this problem,………………………………
10) Everyone kept silence,…………………………………….
11) Everything does pass,………………………….…… वाक्यार् सहाय्यकारी
12) It doesn’t work properly,………………………………….. क्रियापद नसल्यास
13) Hariya made no efforts to fly,……………………………………. काळानुसार do, does,
14) The calf takes a long time to grow,…………………………….
15) The Principal has declared a picnic the next week,…………....…………….. did चा वापर करावा
A2. Add a question tag.

1) Come right here,………………………………………
2) Take me to your school,…………………………………….
3) Take anything you see around, …………………………….. Let’s - ने सरुु वात होणाऱ्या
4) Tell me about an incident,…………………………..
वाक्याचा Q.T. नेहमी
5) Go and sit your place,…………………………………………
6) Go to another compartment,……………………………………. shall we? असा येतो.
7) Hari does his work well,…………………………………….
8) He always rings the bell,……………………………………..
9) Ganesh never mixes with his classmates,………………………
10) He never attends the meeting,……………………………………… आज्ञार्थी वाक्याचा Q.T. –
11) We won the fight,………………………………….. will you? येतो.
12) Let’s keep quiet for a while,………………………….
13) Let's visit the Archeological Museum,……………………………
14) Let’s try to make them better and better,………………………
15) There was enough work for me,……………………………….
वाक्याच्या सुरुवातीस ‘There’ चा
16) There were several reasons,……………………………………..
17) There was complete silence,……………………………………….. उपयोग केला असेल तर Q.T. मध्ये
there हाच शब्द वापरावा लागतो.
A3.Frame a tag question.

1) I am very cold,…………………………………………..
2) I am not surprised,………………………….
3) I am not going there again,…………………………….  वाक्यात ‘I am’ असे होकारार्थी कतात
4) I’m not in the mood for going out tonight,…………………. क्रियापद आल्यास ‘aren’t I?’ असा
5) I’m a Sanskrit teacher,…………………………… Q.T. वापरतात.
6) I’m not surprised with these results,…………………………  I am not असे नकारार्थी मूळ वाक्य
असल्यास ‘am I? असा Q.T.
7) I am terribly old,………………… वापरतात.

A4. Tail tag
Add a correct tail tag.
1) Their expansion was put on hold,………………………………….
2) Children do not know much about these barriers,…………………………..
3) Development and environment can go hand in hand,…………………………….
4) I cannot forget my age,……………………….
5) Toy guns are not options,…………………………….
6) She never had participated in rifle shooting,………………………… Q.T. करर्ाना
7) His delight was doubled,…………………
शेवटी I, we, you,
8) It will remain special for me,…………………
he, she, it, they
9) Mangroves are important,…………………
10) They have the ability to design,………………… याच सववनामांचा
11) You will miss the bus,………………… वापर केला जार्ो.
12) My bus leaves early in the morning,…………………
13) We perform many actions,…………………………
14) People must give a thought to their eating habits,…………………………
15) There are trees that will take in strange birds,……………………….
16) He no longer went horse-riding either,………………………………….
A5.Tail tag
Match the following sentences with their tag tail.
Sentence Tail tag

(i) Salim studied weaver birds, a) aren’t I?
(ii) I am surprised, b) didn’t he?
(iii) I will plant more trees to make the earth a better, c) should they?
(iv) We must protect animals and forests, d) won’t I?
(v) People should not kill birds and animals, e) mustn’t we?
A6. Select
Select a proper tag and rewrite the sentences:
(i) The event gave a big boost to space travel. Contracted forms of helping verbs
(a) doesn’t it? (b) didn’t it? (c) don’t it?  am not =aren’t  do not = don’t
(ii) A bleak future awaits those fountain pens.  is not = isn’t  will not = won’t
(a) doesn’t it? (b) doesn’t it (c) don’t it?  does not = doesn’t  shall not = shan’t
(iii) Everything is very expensive nowadays.  did not = didn’t  am not = aren’t
(a) is it? (b) isn’t it? (c) isn’t he?  was not = wasn’t  cannot = can’t ,
(iv) I felt sorry for that.  were not = weren’t  has not = hasn’t
(a) did I? (b) don’t I? (c) didn’t I?  must not = mustn’t *have not = haven’t

Active and passive Voice
 Active voice- Subject + Verb + Object

 Passive Voice- Object + tobe + Past Participle + by + S
 Imperative Sentence (Passive voice)- Let + O + be + Past Participle
Voice
Active Voice Passive Voice
Simple Present tense I eat a mango. A mango is eaten by me.
Simple Past tense I ate a mango. A mango was eaten by me.
Simple Future tense I shall eat a mango. A mango will be eaten by me.
Present Continuous I am eating a mango. A mango is being eaten by me.
Past continuous tense I was eating a mango. A mango was being eaten by me.
Present Perfect tense I have eaten a mango. A mango has been eaten by me.
Past Perfect tense I had eaten a mango. A mango had been eaten by me.
Future Perfect tense I shall have eaten a mango. A mango will have been eaten by me.
Having modal auxiliary I can eat a mango. A mango can be eaten by me.
Having infinitive I have to eat a mango. A mango has to be eaten by me.
Imperative sentence Eat a mango. Let a mango be eaten.
Active Voice I We You He She It They Suresh (Noun)

Passive Voice by me by us by you by him by her by it by them by Suresh
 Subject ------ (Ask question with ‘Who?’)

 Verb …………(Action word)
 Object ……….Ask question with ‘What?’ – Direct object/ Ask question with ‘Whom?’-Indirect Object
 To be ………. am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been
Simple Present tense (to be) am, is, are

Simple past tense ……… (to be) was, were
Present /Past/Future Perfect tense …….. been
Present / Past continuous tense …………. being
Sentence having modal auxiliary ……… be
A1. Language study

Complete the following sentence by using passive voice:
(1) They find an antique oil lamp.
 An antique oil lamp ………………………………………………
(2) I heard the voice of a woman.
 The voice of a woman ………………………………………………………………………..
(3) A city slicker sees a field of animals.
 A field of animals…………………………………………………………………………..
(4) The warden gathers the inmates.
 The inmates …………………………………………………………………………………
(5) The little bird heard a voice.
 A voice…………………………………………………….
(6) Youngsters are taking up unusual challenges.
 Unusual challenges…………………………………….
(7) Poaching has reduced our population.
 Our population ………………………………..
(8) The thief found a drooping branch of a tree within his reach.
 A drooping branch ……………………………………………….
(9) This massacre creates an imbalance in our population.
 An imbalance ……………………………………………….
A2. Voice
Complete the following sentence by using passive voice:
(1) I can give you berries.
Berries ……………………………………………………………………………...
(2) He noticed some movement.
Some movement……………………………………………..
(3) Baba had faced the demon of fear for the first time in his life.
The demon of fear ………………………………………………………………………..
(4) I have taken an education loan by mortgaging the house.
An education loan ……………………………………………………………………………………
(5) Jaisingh Kusale loaned her a 10-metre air rifle.
A 10-metre air rifle…………………………………………….…..….
(6) Hariya flexed his wings.
His wings…………………………………….
A3. Voice:
Complete the following sentence by using active voice:
(1) It was captured by Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj.
Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj ……………..……………………..
(2) His photo graph was published again with an interview.
They published his…………….……………………………..
(3) Ecosystem management should be implemented effectively.
They should……………………………………………………………………….
(4) Many initiatives and programmes are planned on eco-tourism.
They plan many………………………..………………………..
(5) By then I had been joined by my wife and children.
By then my…………………………..…………………………..
A4. Do as directed.
(1) The rifle was sent away with his other belongings. (Begin your answer with ‘They ……….’)
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(2) The competition was inaugurated by the Principal. (Rewrite the sentence beginning with ‘The
Principal………………..……..’)
Ans………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(3) I was overwhelmed by the kindness of stranger. (Begin your sentence with ‘The kindness of………’)
Ans………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(4) They request the visitors to keep quiet. (Rewrite the sentence beginning with “The visitors……….’)
Ans………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(5) Bharatiya Sanskriti has set this ideal before us. (Rewrite the sentence beginning with “This ideal
……………’)
Ans………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(6) It has also promoted national integration. (Rewrite the sentence beginning with ‘National
integration…………’)
Ans………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(v) She won a bronze at the 2009 World Cup in Munich.
Ans. A bronze…………………………………………………………………………………………….
A5. State the following statements are in active voice or passive voice.
1) A standing ovation was received on the first night.
2) He is posted in Jammu and Kashmir.
3) Her father had been murdered in front of her.
4) The music was practiced every day.
5) The industry serves millions of people.
6) I was offered a well-paid job.
7) A peon brought a glass of hot milk for Kala.
8) Food and discussion should not be mixed.
A6. Change the voice

1) A series of girls and boys displayed various skills.
2) A three- year-old identified the flags of various countries.
3) Amit threw the ball towards Rohit.
4) Arya is drawing a picture.
5) Cars and buses pollute the air.
6) Cast aside your thoughts.
7) Consider some words.
8) Consult a doctor.
9) Daddy will take you to school.
10) Did you complete your job?
11) Do not pluck the flowers.
12) Do some honest work.
13) Do this work.
14) Do your work well.
15) Each computer reads the e-mail address.
16) Father regarded him highly.
17) Father taught us a simple lesson
18) Faulty cooking destroys valuable elements.
19) He asked them three questions.
20) He breaks the glass.
21) He can draw a picture.
22) He had cut those trees.
23) He has driven those cars.
24) He narrowly missed the scholarship.
25) He plays the role of a pupil.
26) He will finish the work in a fortnight.
27) He will finish the work.
28) His students respected him.
29) I closed the door.
30) I found a very interesting method.
31) I have sold my bicycle.
32) I shall invite you.
33) Kalam encouraged the children.
34) Mahesh has to read a novel.
35) My father took me to the Principal’s office.
36) My mother is cutting apples.
37) Open the door.
38) Pull the rope.
39) Sakshi was reading a story book.
40) Save the water.
41) She had painted a picture.

Framing Questions
 Types of questions Verbal Questions or Yes/No type Questions

 ‘Wh’ type Questions Verbal questions begins with….Aux. verbs
Who Do Does Did

What Have
Why May
Which Has
How Whom Were Yes / No type Must
‘Wh’ type
questions (Verbal)
How many Begins Will questions Is
Whose
with
How much Would Are
Where Am
How often Was
When Can
Could
How far
‘Wh’ type question-
Question words Meaning Examples

Who person Who is your best friend?
Where place Where do you live?
Why reason Why do you sleep early?
When time When do you get up every day?
How manner How do you come to school?
What object, idea or action, What do you do?
Which choice Which subject do you like most?
Whose possession Whose book is this?
Whom object of the verb Whom did you meet yesterday?
What kind description What kind of music do you like?
What time time What time did you come home?
How many quantity (countable) How many students are there?
How much amount, price (uncountable) How much time have we got?
How long duration, length How long did you stay in that hotel?
How often frequency How often do you go to the gym?
How far distance How far is your school?
How old age How old are you?
Structure of ‘Wh-type question-
Wh-word To be / Auxiliary verb subject verb Other words Question Mark

Where do you live ---- ?
What did he do ---- ?
Who ….. -- found the solution ?
How old are you --- ---- ?
1) Verbal Question(Yes/No-type question)

Structure of ‘Yes/No-type question (Verbal Question) -
To be / Auxiliary verb subject verb Other words Question Mark

Do you like a mango ?
Did he apply For the job ?
Are you reading a story book ?

A1. Frame a Wh-question to get underlined part as an answer.
(1) She wanted to study in USA.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………….
(2) She has completed his education in Kolhapur. हदलेल्या वाक्यार्ील अधोरे णखर् केलेला
Ans………………………………………………………………………………………………. भाग जर हठकाण क्रकं वा थिळ (Place)
(3) The ball bounced into the net. दशवववर् असेल र्र प्रश्नाची सुरुवार्
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………….
(4) Oil is found under the ground. (Where) या शब्दाने करावी .
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………….
__________________________________________________________________________________
(5) She performs her job with zeal and enthusiasm.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………….
(6) He was an engineer.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………….
(7) She wanted to buy a birthday present for her mother.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………….
(8) The old man opened the gate.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………….
(9) The monsoon starts in June.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………….
(10) 20 billion messages are sent every month worldwide.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………….
(11) These are John’s books.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………….
(12) We will stay with our cousins.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………….
(13) He went there to meet James.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………….
(14) These birds indicate the high level of pollution in the city.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………….
(15) My father is sixty years old.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………….
A2.Frame Yes/No type question.

(1) People often use the terms ‘web’ and internet’ interchangeably.
(2) There was no time to get acquainted.
(3) Tejaswini stayed focused on her career.
(4) He had never shown an urge to fly.
(5) The boy seemed to know exactly what he wanted.
(6) Dr.Kalam focused on evolving a plan for implementing IMM 2020.
(7) Ronald visited the Tower of London.
(8) She made the invitation cards herself.
(9) He launched an independent partnership.
(10) Manisha was painting a landscape.
(11) It will automatically send a message.
(12) It was necessary to provide education to all regardless of cast and creed.
A3. Interrogation
Frame ‘Wh’ questions using the words given in the brackets.
(i) This bridge is fifty feet long. (How long)
(ii) The leopard walked into the cage on Sunday morning. (When)
(iii) The staff-member found the leopard. (Who)
(iv) The leopard was hidden in the basement. (Where)
(v) There were three main classes of robots. (How many)
(vi) Youngsters are suffering from renal failure. (What)
(vii) People must return to traditional cooking to keep fit. (Why)

Exclamatory and Assertive
 Exclamatory Sentence-
Exclamatory sentence mostly begins with ‘What or ‘How’ and ends with exclamation mark (!)
 Examples.
(i) He is a very clever boy. (Make it exclamatory.)
Ans. What a clever boy he is!
(ii) He is very clever. (Make it exclamatory.)
Ans. How clever he is!
 Structure –
(i) What + a/an + adjective/adverb + Noun + (S) + verb +!
(ii) How + adjective/adverb + (S) + verb +!
Assertive वाक्याचे
A1. Rewrite as an exclamatory sentence.
(1) The persimmon is really a terrible creature. exclamatory वाक्यार् रुपांर्र
Ans……………………………………………………………………………… करर्ाना ववशेशानापुवी a/an
(2) She was very excited. आल्यास exclamatory वाक्याची
Ans……………………………………………………………………………..
सुरवार् What ने करावी.
(3) It is indeed a strong-looking com.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………… परं र्ु, केवळ ववशेषण असेल र्र
(4) That’s a strange baby.
वाक्याची सुरुवार् How ने
Ans………………………………………………………………………………
(5) It is a very interesting puzzle. करावी. उत्कटर्ा दशववणारे very,
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………… indeed, really, greatly,
(6) It was a busy morning. extremely, so इत्यादी शब्द
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………… काढून टाकावेर् आणण शेवटी
(7) It was a very cold night. उद्गारचचन्ह (!) द्यावे.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………
(8) I felt very sorry.
Ans………………………………………………………………………………
(9) It’s such a tragedy.
Ans………………………………………………………………………………
(10) I am quite tired.
Ans………………………………………………………………………………
(11) Manish paints very well.
Ans………………………………………………………………………………
(12) I am extremely sorry to leave him.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………
(13) Anaemia is a very common disease.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………
(14) It was a very long and colourful journey.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………
(15) It was very difficult to rob him.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………
(16) Kashmir becomes intensely cold in winter.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………
(17) My grandmother is a very clever woman.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………
(18) I was surprised to find some currency notes in the envelope.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………
(19) She sings very sweetly.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………
(20) The brain is an amazing organ.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………
(21) The climate is extremely pleasant.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………
(22) The Hawa Mahal is a beautiful palace.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………
(23) This is indeed a breathtaking sight.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………
(24) Vana Mahotsava is an important step.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………
(25) It is strange to see such a beautiful and gorgeous place.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
A2. Do as directed.
(1) I feel really lucky. (Rewrite the sentence beginning with ‘How……...’)
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(2) Mangroves are important. (Rewrite the sentence beginning with ‘How………’)
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(3) I was very happy. (begin with ‘How…….’and rewrite the sentence as an exclamatory sentence)
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(4) How easy it is to make friends with them! (Rewrite the sentence beginning with ‘It is…………..’)
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(5) How slow he was! (Rewrite the sentence beginning with ‘He was…..’)
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(6) The robber was a very cruel man. (Rewrite the sentence beginning with ‘What…..’)
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(7) The weather is very nice. ((Rewrite the sentence beginning with ‘How…..…..’)
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Assertive sentence-
Examples:
(i) How happy he is!
Exclamatory वाक्यार् जेव्हा
Ans. He is very happy.
(ii) What a beautiful picture it is! करर्ा क्रकं वा क्रियापद नसर्े,
Ans. It is a very beautiful picture. र्ेव्हा र्ो भाग आपणच थवर्ःचा
(iii) How sweet!
वापरावा.
Ans: It is very sweet.
A1. Rewrite as assertive sentences.
1) What a caring person he is!
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………
2) What a wide mouth it has!
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………
3) What a strong-looking cow!
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………
4) How powerful and ferocious the Persimmons must be!
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………
5) What a great fascination for rank holders he had!
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………
6) How honest Hanumanthappa was!
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………
7) How humble he was!
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………
8) What a caring person he was!
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………
9) How frail and pale he was!
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………
10) How strong the winds here are!
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………
11) What a good job they have done!
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12) What a lovely landscape it is!
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
13) What a soft metal Aluminium is!
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
14) What a wonderful invention the E-book is!
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
15) What an excellent piece it is!
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
16) What an exciting tour it is!
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Degree of comparison
Positive Degree Comparative Degree Superlative Degree

 as……………….as ……..er than …………………………….
so……………….as more than
as fast as faster than
as beautiful as more beautiful than
 No other......as…..as …….er than any other…. the ….est / the most/….of all
the fastest /the most beautiful
 Very few….as…as than most/many other One of the…..est
Positive Degree = Suresh is as clever as Pravin.

Comparative Degree = Suresh is cleverer than Ganesh.
Superlative Degree = Suresh is the cleverest student in the class.
A1. Comparisons:
Change the following sentences into the comparative and positive degree.
1) Kolkata is the most polluted city in India.
Comparative: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Positive: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2) The Hummingbird is the smallest bird.
Comparative: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Positive: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3) Virdhawal Khade is the fastest swimmer in the world.
Comparative: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Positive: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4) United States is the greatest buyer
Comparative: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Positive: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
5) Rajastan is the largest state in India.
Comparative: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Positive: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
6) Nagpur is the nearest airport from Melghat sanctuary.
Comparative: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Positive: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
7) Mount Kalsubai is the highest peak of Sahyadri range.
Comparative: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Positive: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
8) Tourism is the largest industry.
Comparative: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Positive: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
9) The nearest airport is Aurangabad.
Comparative: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Positive: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
10) The peacock is the most beautiful bird.
Comparative: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Positive: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

A2. Language study
Change the following sentences into the comparative and positive degree.
1) Mount Everest is one of the highest peaks of Himalayas.
Comparative: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Positive: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2) The mango is one of the most popular fruits in India.
Comparative: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Positive: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3) Bhandardara is one of the highest hills in Maharashtra.
Comparative: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Positive: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4) Wilson dam is one of the most famous spots of Bhandardara.
Comparative: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Positive: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
5) Basant Panchami is one of the biggest festivals of north India.
Comparative: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Positive: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
A3. Do as directed.
1) Kite flying is the most popular cultural sport of India. (Begin your sentence with ‘No other……….’)
Ans………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2) Cricket is the most popular game in England. (Rewrite the sentence beginning with “No other …..’)
Ans………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3) Sihagad was one of the most impregnable forts in western India. (Begin your sentence with ‘Very
few forts ……….’)
Ans………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4) Mumbai is one of the largest cities in India. (Begin your sentence with ‘Very few cities ……….’)
Ans………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5) The whale is the largest animal in the world. (Begin your sentence with ‘No other animal………….’)
Ans………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
A4. Change the following sentences into the positive degree:

(1) E-mail is cheaper than the postal route.
Ans………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(2) Amar is cleverer than Ganesh.
Ans………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(3) Shimla is cooler than Matheran.
Ans………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(4) Kalyani can sing better than Anjali.
Ans………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(5) E-mail is cheaper than the postal route.
Ans………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(6) Plastic is cheaper than rubber.
Ans………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(7) Freedom is more important than anything in the world.
Ans………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

A5. Change the following sentences into positive and comparative degrees.
(1) Australia is the largest island in the world.
(2) Bharat Natyam is the oldest and most popular dance-form of India.
(3) Curiosity is one of the noblest instincts of man.
(4) Diwali is the biggest festival in Maharashtra.
Irregular forms of adjectives
(5) Health is the most important thing in our life.
Good – better – best
(6) It is the largest and most dynamic industry in the world.
Bad – worse – worst
(7) It was one of the most memorable visits in our life.
Little -- less -- least
(8) It was the best birthday present.
Many – more – most
(9) Prayer is the best method of energizing the food.
Much – more -- most
(10) Radha is one of the tallest girls in our school.
(11) Ramnath is one of the richest farmers in the village.
(12) Ras Leela is the most popular dance of Manipur.
(13) Teachers are the best role models.
(14) The largest living bird is the ostrich.
(15) The noble prize is the highest award in the world.
(16) This was the most pleasant moment.
(17) This was the most pleasant way.
(18) Tourism is the most dynamic industry in the world.
(19) Winter is the best season.
(20) The ignited soul is the most powerful resource.

Reported Speech or Indirect Speech
Direct चे indirect करर्ाना सववप्रिम ववद्यार्थयावने वाक्याचे प्रकार लक्षार् ठे वावेर्.
 Assertive sentence /statements (ववधानार्थी वाक्य) -- I won’t trouble you any more.
 Interrogative sentence/Questions (प्रश्नार्थतक वाक्य (?) -- What do you do?
 Imperative sentence (आज्ञार्थी वाक्य) -- Don’t argue with your friend.
-- Open your book.
 Exclamatory sentence (उद्गारार्थी वाक्य (!) -- How lucky I was!
Direct चे Indirect करर्ाना वाक्य प्रकारानुसार एकूण जाथर्ीर् जाथर् पाच बदल करावे लागर्ार्.
 Use of Proper
Reporting verb E.g. The boys said to the teacher, “We are
 Use of proper playing cricket now.”
conjunction
 Changes in personal Ans: The boys told the teacher that they were
pronouns playing cricket then.
 Changes in the tense
 Change in adverb
(words showing time,
position and distance)
 Changes in Reporting verbs and Conjunctions

 बदल िमांक -1 व 2
Sr. No. Types of sentences Reporting verbs Conjunctions
(1) Assertive sentence or Said, (said to ऐवजी) told that
statements
(ववधानािी वाक्य)
(2) Interrogative sentence asked  ‘Wh’- type question असेल र्र
(प्रश्नािवक वाक्य) र्ोच ‘Wh’ word घ्यावा.
 Wh type question-  Yes /No type question असेल र्र if
 Yes/No type
question- क्रकिंवा whether घ्यावे.
(3) Imperative sentence requested (ववनंर्ी),  (Positive) होकारािी आज्ञा असेल र्र
(आज्ञािी वाक्य) advised, (उपदे श) to घ्यावे.
Positive - होकारािी wished (शभ
ु ेच्छा)  Negative नकारािी आज्ञा असेल र्र
Negative - नकारािी warned (इशारा ) not to घ्यावे.
Ordered,
commanded,
asked, told (सामान्यपणे)
(4) Exclamatory sentence exclaimed that
(with sorrow, delight)
(5) Let’s ने सरु
ु होणारी वाक्य suggested That
Let’s = they should

 बदल िमांक - 3
 Change in personal pronouns:
एकवचन singular अनेकवचन plural
प्रिमा द्ववर्ीया षष्ठी प्रिमा द्ववर्ीया षष्ठी
प्रिम पुरुषी . (1stPerson) I me my we us our
द्ववर्ीय पुरुषी (2ndPerson) you you your you you your
र्र्
ृ ीय पुरुषी
rd
(3 Person) He him his
She her her they them their
It it its
 सवतनामाचा बदल सवत प्रकारच्या वाक्यात सारखाच होतो. प्रर्थम पुरुषी सवतनामाचे बदल तत
ृ ीय पुरुषी सवतनामात
करतात. अवतरण चचन्हातील सवतनामे ही ननवेदन करणाऱ्याच्या शलिंग व वचनाप्रमाणे बदलतात.
1. अवतरण चचन्हात जर I, me, my असेल व ननवेदन करणारा जर परु
ु ष असेल तर त्याचे he, him, his करावे व
ननवेदन करणारी व्यक्ती जर जरिशलिंगी असेल तर त्याचे she, her (नतला), her (नतचे) करावे.
2. अवतरण चचन्हात जर we, us, our असेल तर त्याचे Indirect करताना they, them, their करावे.
3. द्ववतीय पुरुषी सवतनामाचे बदल तत

ृ ीय पुरुषी सवतनामात करतात. द्ववतीय पुरुषी सवतनामे ही ऐकणाऱ्या (listener)
व्यक्ती प्रमाणे बदलतात. Direct speech मध्ये जर अनेकवचनी you, you (तुम्हाला), your असेल तर त्याचे
Indirect मध्ये they, them, their करावे.
4. Direct मध्ये जर एकवचनी (singular) you, you (तुला), your असेल आणण ऐकणारा (listener) जर पुजल्लिंगी असेल
तर त्याचे he, him, his करावे व ऐकणारी व्यक्ती जर जरिशलिंगी असेल तर त्याचे she, her (नतला), her (नतचे)
करावे.
5. टीप : तत
ृ ीय पुरुषी सवतनामात बदल होत नाही.
ननवेदन करणारा जर प्रर्थम पुरुषी असेल तर वरीलप्रमाणे सवतनामाचे बदल करू नयेत.
 बदल िमांक - 4
 Change in the tense:
 Reporting verb भूर्काळार् असेल, direct speech मधील काळ बदलर्ाना योग्य त्या भूर्काळार् बदल करावेर्.
Direct Indirect Direct Indirect
am, is was will would
are were shall should/would
have/has had may might
was/ were had been must must /had to
can could
 Reporting verb जर वर्वमान काळार् क्रकं वा भववष्यकाळार् असेल र्र काळ बदलर् नाही.
E.g. He says, “I am a doctor.” (Direct)
Ans: He says that he is a doctor. (Indirect)
 Universal truth त्रिकालाबाचधत सत्य असेल तर काळ बदलत नाही.

E.g. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the East.” (Direct)
Ans: The teacher said that the sun rises in the East. (Indirect)

काळार् होणारे बदल:
 Direct speech मध्ये जर Simple Present tense असेल तर त्याचे Simple Past tense मध्ये रुपांर्र
करावे.
 Direct speech मध्ये जर Present Continuous Tense असेल तर त्याचे Past Continuous tense मध्ये
रुपांर्र करावे
 Direct speech मध्ये जर Present Perfect Tense असेल तर त्याचे Past Perfect tense मध्ये रुपांर्र
करावे
 Direct speech मध्ये जर Simple Past tense असेल तर त्याचे Past Perfect tense मध्ये रुपांर्र करावे.
 Direct speech मध्ये जर Past Continuous tense असेल तर त्याचे Past Perfect continuous
tense मध्ये रुपांर्र करावे. चालू भूतकाळ करावा. उदा. was going- had been going
 बदल िमांक – 5
1. Change in adverbs (change of words showing time, position and distance ) थिलकालवाचक शब्दार्
होणारे बदल
Direct Indirect Direct Indirect
this that ago before
these those now then
here there thus so
today that day last night the night before/
the previous night
tonight that night last week the previous week
tomorrow the next day/ next week the following week
the following day
yesterday the previous day/ next month the following month
the day before next year the following year
A1. Indirect Speech

Do as directed.
(1) The warden says, ‘I want to see the watch placed on this table.” (Rewrite beginning with ‘The
warden says that……………..……’)
Ans.………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(2) The Jupiter tree said, “I can give you berries all winter long.” (Rewrite the sentence beginning with
‘The Jupiter tree said that ………..’)
Ans.………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(3) The bird said to a Birch tree, “My wing is broken, and my friends have flown away.”
(Rewrite beginning with ‘The bird told a Birch tree that …….………’)
Ans.………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(4) The willow said to the bird, “I do not know you and we willows never talk to people whom we do
not know.” (Rewrite the sentence beginning with ‘The willow told the bird that …..………’)
Ans.………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
.………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(5) Sheetal Mahajan said, “My brother is an Ayurveda doctor, so I recovered soon.” (Rewrite the
sentence beginning with ‘Sheetal Mahajan said that………’)
Ans.………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(6) “May I touch every leaf in the forest?” asked the wind. (Rewrite the sentence beginning with ‘The
wind asked……………….’)
Ans.………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(7) Reporter asked the elephant, “Why are you alone today?” (Rewrite the sentence beginning with
‘Reporter asked the elephant ………………….’)
Ans.………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(8) Hanumanthappa said in his letter, “Kindly accept this money.” (Rewrite the sentence beginning
with ‘Hanumanthappa requested in his letter………..………….’)
Ans.………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(9) The willow said to the bird, “Leave me at once.” (Rewrite the sentence beginning with ‘The willow
told the bird……….…….’)
Ans.………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(10) The tiger said, “How terrible creature the Persimmon is!” (Rewrite the sentence beginning with
‘The tiger exclaimed that ……….’)
Ans.………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(11) He said, “What a strong-looking cow!” (Rewrite the sentence beginning with ‘He exclaimed
that…….…….’)
Ans.………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(12) The old man said, “What a wonderful dream!” (Rewrite the sentence beginning with ‘The old man
exclaimed that ………………….’)
Ans.………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
A2. Direct and Indirect speech

Change the following sentences into indirect speech.
(1) The genie says, “I’ll give each of you just one wish.”
(2) The administrative clerk says, “I want to be in Bahamas.”
(3) He said, “Madam, I want to pursue my studies at the ‘Teachers’ Training College in Bellary.”
(4) I said to Raju, “You will have to work hard to pass the examination.”
(5) The father said to his son, “I shall buy a bicycle for your birthday.”
(6) “I bought a new dress yesterday,” said she.
(7) The city slicker, “Why doesn’t it have horns?”
(8) Her father said, “Where will he have the money to come so far?”
(9) The writer asked him, “How much money should I send you per month?”
(10) The reporter asked, “Do the females also have tusks?”
(11) The tiger said to himself, “How on earth does she know that I am here?”
(12) The oak cried, “How do I know what you might do in all that time?”
(13) The bird asked the oak tree, “Will you not let me live on your boughs till my friends come back in
the spring time?”
(14) Reporter asked, “Was the wooly mammoth one of your extinct ancestors?”
(15) The writer asked Hanumanthappa, “Do you want to study further?”
(16) The officer said, “Start marching at once.”
(17) The Gita said, “Do your duty without worrying about the result.”
(18) Sane Guruji said, “Let my eyelids never get dry.”
(19) “Don’t use ivory and other wildlife products,” says the writer.
(20) “Make them better habitats for birds,” says the writer.
(21) Akash said to Prabhat, Let me help you with your homework.”
(22) Let’s not forget the importance of birds,” says the writer to people.
(23) The little bid said, “How cold I am!”
(24) Mother said, “What a wide mouth it has!”
(25) The tiger said, “What a strange baby that is!”
(26) “What kind-hearted the spruce tree is!” said the bird.
(27) “What a unique service offered by Internet!” says the writer.
(28) The teacher said, “You should respect your elders and parents.”
(29) “I did not come to school yesterday,” Lata said to the teacher.
(30) The Principal said, “The annual examination will begin on 3rd march.”

Modal Auxiliaries
Auxiliaries: Primary and Modal auxiliary
Kinds of Auxiliaries:
Primary auxiliaries Modal auxiliaries Marginal auxiliaries
be: am, is, are, was, were Can, could, may, might, Need,
have: has, have, had must, will, would, shall, dare,
should ought (to)
do: do, does, did
used (to)
 Modal auxiliaries
Modal Auxiliaries Their functions

can ability, possibility, capability
could possibility, ability or request
may possibility or permission
might Less possibility
Must/ought to obligation, compulsion बिंधन/सक्ती
moral duty
‘used to’ and ‘would’ habitual action in the past
should advice, suggestion
may possibility, permission, wish
‘shall’ and ‘will’ certainty , possibility, requests, threats, warnings
Need necessity
Dare have the courage
 Be able to / unable to
Modal Aux. be able to Modal Aux. be not able to be unable to
Can am able to Cannot am not able to am unable to
is able to is not able to is unable to
are able to are not able to are unable to
Could was able to Could not was not able to was unable to
were able to were not able to were unable to
A1. Modal Auxiliary
(i) Rewrite the sentence by using modal auxiliary expressing ‘possibility’.

You can read about these countries in your books
(a) may (b) can (c) must
(ii) Rewrite the sentence by using modal auxiliary expressing ‘compulsion’.
You must work hard.
(a) may (b) can (c) must

A2. Modal auxiliary
Rewrite the following sentences using ‘shall’ or ‘will’
(i) If no one saves him, he is certainly going to be drowned.
(ii) Pay your tern fees in time, otherwise you are going to be fined.
(iii) I promise to do whatever I can to help you.
(iv) If we do not follow the rules, we are likely to be punished.
A3. Modal auxiliary

Use appropriate modal auxiliary expressing past habit. / Rewrite the sentences using ‘used to’)
1) The king would perform heavy exercise every morning.
2) He would apply oil on his body.
3) Sparrows would come to our dining table when we would sit to eat.
4) The chirpy little fellow would steal rice grains from my plate.
5) When I was a child, a lot of sparrows would come on our terrace.
6) I would playfully scare them.
A4. Modal auxiliary

Use appropriate modal auxiliary expressing obligation.
(i) At least humans can be kept away from leopard habitat.
(ii) Some short and long-term initiatives can be undertaken.
A5. Modal Auxiliaries

Do as directed
(i) I may not be playing for India anymore. (Use appropriate modal auxiliary expressing ‘certainty’)
(ii) Nothing of this would have been possible without you. (Use appropriate modal auxiliary showing
‘possibility’.)
(iii) I used to write and rewrite on piles and piles of paper. (Rewrite the sentence using ‘would’.)
(iv) They are able to perform any action. (Rewrite the sentence using ‘can’)
(v) Eat only as much as you can. (Rewrite using ‘should’)
A6. Modal auxiliaries

Do as directed
1) We ……………help them somehow. (Fill in a modal auxiliary showing compulsion)
2) This way we ……………..involve many people in making the pins. (Fill in a modal auxiliary showing
obligation)
3) One can get acquainted with various aspects of mangroves. (Rewrite using ‘able to’)
4) Vehicles are not allowed to stop there. (Rewrite using ‘cannot’)
A7. Grammar
(a) She could attend school until 4th grade. (Select the correct alternative to replace the underlined
verb.)
(i) were able to (ii) is able to (iii) was able to
(b) He would pack her off to the village school. (Choose the correct alternative to replace the
underlined word.)
(i) He was able to pack her off to the village school.
(ii) He used to pack her off to the village school.
(iii) He packed her off to the village school.
A8. Rewrite the following sentences using ‘able to’/ ‘unable to’ where necessary.
(i) They are not able to perform routine actions for a number of years.
(ii) Humans can make fatal mistakes.

A9. Modal Auxiliary
Form sentences using proper modal auxiliary verb in the sentences instead of underlined words.
(i) It is very essential for students to learn calligraphy.
(ii) It is possible for students to improve their handwriting with practice.
(iii) We are able to speak English.
(iv) We better keep ourselves updated in the use of computers.
(v) I shall write about the beauty around. (Replace the underlined auxiliary verb with ‘was going to/am
going to’ properly)
A10. Do as directed
1) Every morning Gandhiji went for a walk. (Rewrite using ‘would’)
2) I would evaluate his wound. (Use modal auxiliary showing compulsion)
3) If you win the race, I promise to buy you a beautiful wrist watch. (Rewrite sentence using ‘will’)
4) It is necessary to obey the laws. (Rewrite using ‘must’)
5) It is necessary to study hard if we want to be successful in the examination. (Rewrite the sentence
using ‘must’)
6) It is not good for you to get wet in the rain. (Rewrite using ‘should’)
7) It will be useful for you to take an umbrella. (Rewrite using ‘should’)
8) My parents always helped the needy. (Rewrite using ‘used to’)
9) That will be good for you to wear warm clothes in winter.(Rewrite the sentence using ‘should’)
10) We must continue this work. (Use ‘have to’ and rewrite)
11) You have to study regularly to get success in the examination. (Rewrite using modal auxiliary
showing advice.)
12) You should do what your teacher tells you to do. (Use a modal auxiliary showing obligation.)
A11. Do as directed.
1) He could not see because it was dark. (Rewrite using ‘unable to’ )
2) He could not spare much time for teaching. ( Use ‘be able to’ )
3) He was able to find the solution. (Rewrite using ‘could’)
4) I can’t describe this moment. (Rewrite using ‘be unable to’ )
5) I could not recall. (Rewrite using ‘unable to’)
6) Rahul could get a first class in the examination. (Use ‘be able to’ )
7) Rashmi has the ability to speak well on all subjects. (Rewrite using ‘can’)
8) Shankar could save a rupee every day. (Use ‘be able to’ )
9) The bird is able to decide the best time to make long sea crossing. (Rewrite by using ‘can’)
10) The members of the committee were unable to take the decision. (Rewrite using ‘could not ’)
11) They can work for a travel agency. ( Rewrite the sentence using ‘be able to’ )
12) They could not answer very well. ( Rewrite using ‘unable to’)
13) We are able to choose the right kind of books. (Rewrite using ‘can’)
14) You cannot become a hero by choice. ( Use ‘be unable to’ )
Will/shall + first form of the main verb = am/is/are + going to + first form of the main verb
/
A12. Rewrite the following sentences making use of ‘going to’ construction.
(i) I hope you will be more sensible.
(ii) I will face many problems cheerfully.
(iii) I will write to you about my experience.
(iv) India will prosper and go ahead fast.
(v) Pranav will not show off his wisdom.

Affirmative and Negative
A1. Convert the following sentences into negative ones without changing their meanings.
(1) He dislike to play cricket.
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(2) They were successful in their mission.
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(3) You find it difficult to see them.
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(4) It is hard to answer.
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(5) The boys are always noisy.
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(6) She refused it.
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(7) A food safety expert points that this might be difficult
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(8) Today’s internet works in the same way.
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(9) Vegetables are fresh in the market.
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(10) He does not remember.
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(11) She is unable to go there.
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(12) Tree survival rate is not adequate.
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
A2. Convert the following sentences into affirmative ones without changing their meanings.
(1) The Birch is not very strong.
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(2) The poor little bird did not know what to do.
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(3) He did not answer.
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(4) Nobody was happy.
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(5) It is not necessary to remain absent from schools.
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(6) The work of building is not easy.
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(7) Drinking too much water with food is not advisable.
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(8) He could not spare much time to teach them.
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(9) He was not satisfied.
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(10) He was not strong.
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(Linking Words) Not only……….but also / as well as / both………and
A1. Not only……….but also

Rewrite the following sentence using ‘not only………….but also’
(1) The tiger was both worried and scared.
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………..
(2) The term tested both branded and unbranded foods.
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………..
(3) African males and females have tusks.
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………..
(4) Film stars and sportspersons work hard to achieve something.
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………..
(5) He then informed the police and the forest department.
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………..
(6) I learnt both calligraphy and cursive writing.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………..
(7) Hariya ate some chana and drank some water.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………..
(8) Baba decided to shun his wealth and his previous lifestyle.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………..
(9) Urbanization and development issues compound the problem.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………..
(10) Mangroves and wetlands also need to be conserved.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………..
(11) Everyone looked uneasy and upset.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………..
A2. Rewrite the following sentence using ‘both………….and’.

1) It is not only right but also wrong.
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………
2) He was careless and indifferent.
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………
3) She was emotional and strong willed.
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………
4) He was rich and powerful.
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………
A3. Rewrite the following sentences using ‘as well as’.

1) The robbers were handcuffed and taken away.
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………
2) It protects antibodies and regulates the temperature.
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………
3) I will work and sweat for a great vision.
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………
4) The place was not only good but also safe.
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………
5) She not only speaks English but also French.
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………
6) She was not only sad but also angry.

(Linking words) Grammar Activity Sheet No. 12
Either……….or’ and ‘neither…………nor’
Q.1.Do as directed.
(1) Race did not make me an Indian. Religion did not make me an Indian. (Join the sentences with
‘neither--------nor’)
Ans: Neither race nor religion made me an Indian.
(2) He thought of becoming a lawyer or an engineer.(Rewrite using ‘either …… or’)
Ans: He thought of becoming either a lawyer or an engineer.
(3) You can send or receive personal messages. (Rewrite using ‘either ------ or’ )
Ans: You can either send or receive personal messages.
(4) Most doctors are serious or stern. (Rewrite using ‘either …… or’ )
Ans………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(5) Rupesh likes to become a doctor. He likes to become an engineer. (Rewrite using ‘either …… or’)
Ans………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(6) Do not destroy the nest or shoo them away. (Rewrite using ‘neither………..nor….’)
Ans………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

‘Though’/ ’Although
A1. Do as directed.
(1) We come from a poor country but we have fresh food. (Rewrite using ‘Although’)
Ans………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(2) Incidents used to happen earlier but their frequency has increased. (Use ‘Though and rewrite)
Ans………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(3) I still use a pen but its purpose has been restricted. (Rewrite using ‘Although…’)
Ans………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(4) Such food may sustain life in us but it is unable to nourish us. (Rewrite using ‘though’)
Ans………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(5) These food items fill our stomachs but affect the health. (Rewrite the sentence using ‘Though’)
Ans………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(6) He was wise, but did not show off his wisdom. (Rewrite the sentence using ‘Though………….’)
Ans………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(7) We have all this beauty all around us yet we often forget about it. (Begin you sentence with
‘Though………….….’)
Ans………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(8) Civic bodies such as the BMC organize annual tree plantation drives but tree survival rate is not
adequate. (Begin your sentence with ‘Though………….)
Ans………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(9) Incidents used to happen earlier but their frequency has increased. (Rewrite using ‘Though and
rewrite)
Ans………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
A2. Use ‘but’ at the proper place and rewrite the sentence.
(i) Although he did not qualify for the semifinals, he did finish in his heat.
Ans………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) Though he ran fast, he couldn’t find the thief.
Ans………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Infinitives/ Present participles/Gerund
Infinitives
A1. Find the infinitive from the given sentences and underline them:
(1) Vehicles are not allowed to stop there.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………
(2) I wanted to know more about the boy.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………
(3) You must to say no to ivory.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………
(4) It takes a village to raise a medalist.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………
(5) He planned to take a room on rent.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………
* पुरुष काळ क्रकिंवा वचनाप्रमाणे न बदलणारे क्रियापदाचे to युक्त रूप म्हणजे infinitive असते.
* Without to = will, shall, can, could इ. क्रियापदानिंतर infinitive वापरतात तो to शशवाय वापरला जातो.
(bare infinitives) *Infinitive used as the object of the verb. * To express purpose
Gerund
A2. Combine the following sentences using the gerund form of a proper verb.
(1) The tiger felt very hungry again. He stood up.
Ans………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(2) Baba Amte met the people of leprosy. He treated them well.
Ans………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(3) He terurned to the place and fed the poor leper.
Ans………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(4) He earned his initial qualifications in wardha. He moved on to Nagpur.
Ans………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(5) Jaisingh Kusale spotted potential in Tejaswini. He loaned her a 10-metre air rifle.
Ans………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 क्रियापदाला –ing प्रत्यय लावून बनलेल्या आणण नामाचे (कमातच)े काम करणाऱ्या शब्दाला
Gerund क्रकिंवा Verbal Noun म्हणतात.
Present and Past Participles
A3. Underline the present participles and the past participles and write what kind of participles they
are:
(1) He was trying to catch the moving bus.
 क्रियापदाला –ing प्रत्यय जोडून
Ans……………………………………………………………………………
(2) I had an 18-month break in my shooting career. तयार होणाऱ्या शब्दालाच
Ans……………………………………………………………………………… Present Participle म्हणतात.
(3) They used prohibited colours in food items.  Present participle used as
Ans……………………………………………………………………………… adjectives (Verbal Adjectives)
(4) The turning point in Baba’s life came one rainy evening.
Ans………………………………………………………………………………………
(5) The dying man had no fingers.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………
(6) Kite flying is a very exciting game.

As soon as / No sooner…….than / Hardly………….when
A1. Language study

Do as directed
(1) As soon as the bell rang, the man went to open the door. (Rewrite the sentences using ‘No sooner
……than’)
Ans. No sooner did the bell ring than the man went to open the door.
(2) As soon as the bell rang, the man went to open the door. (Rewrite the sentences using ‘Hardly
……….when’)
Ans. Hardly had the bell rung when the man went to open the door.
(3) When the king came to know of this he was furious. (Rewrite the sentence using ‘As soon as….’)
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(4) He wrote the last sentence, at once the bell rang. (Rewrite the sentence using ‘As soon as….’)
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(5) As soon as we push eject button, it opens. (Rewrite the sentences using ‘No sooner ……than’)
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(6) She was closing her bedroom door, one of the miscreants spotted her.
(Rewrite the sentence using ‘As soon as….’)
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(7) No sooner did he start singing than a flock of birds entered the hut.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(8) Hardly had teacher entered the class-room when the students stopped talking.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(9) As soon as Sunil noticed the thief, he started following him quickly.
(Rewrite the sentences using ‘No sooner ……than’)
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(10) As soon as I reached the class, I gave the letter to the teacher.
(Rewrite the sentences using ‘Hardly……… when’)
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(11) We had entered the school. The phone started ringing.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(12) As soon as we push eject button, it opens. (Rewrite the sentences using ‘No sooner ……than’)
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(13) As soon as Sunil noticed the thief, he started following him quickly.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(14) As soon as he finished his writings, he was invited by us.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(15) As soon as the monsoon starts, the farmers become happy.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(16) Father had returned from the office. He was called again.
Ans……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Word formation
(1) Complete the following table as shown. Then select any word from the table and use it in a
meaningful sentence.
true truly
--------------- recently
--------------- completely
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(2) Noun forms

Change the verbs in brackets into noun forms and rewrite the sentences.
(i) An astrologer’s (predict) was that the king had only a month left to live.
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(ii) There was a look of (satisfy) on his face.
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(iii) Tenali assured the courtiers of a viable solution. (Rewrite using the noun form of the underlined
verb.)
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(3) Change the following nouns in their verb forms and use one of them in a sentence of your own.
Noun Verb
(i) Construction (a) …………………………………
(ii) Celebration (b) …………………………………
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(4) Complete the following table. Select any one word from the table and use it meaningfully in your
own sentence.
Verb Noun
--------------- success
confess --------------
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(5) Use the selected words as indicated in the brackets.
1) Don’t make……………….. (‘construct’ as a noun) on illegal land.
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2) Yet some city dwellers have to raise……………. (‘agitate’ as a noun).
Ans…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(6) Complete the following table. Select any one word from the table and use it meaningfully in
your own sentence.
Verb Noun
arrange ……………….
…………………. treatment

Connectives
A1.Joining Sentences
Link the two sentences using the appropriate linking word from those given in the brackets and
rewrite the sentences:
(1) The people trembled with fright. The tiger climbed to the top of the mountain and roared.
(because, when, before)
Ans. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(2) The tiger was shocked. He collapsed on the ground. (when, so…..that, since)
Ans. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(3) He was scared to death. He realized that the animal was a tiger. (as, before, when)
Ans. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(4) The baby paid no heed to the mother’s threat. The baby continued crying. (though, so, because)
Ans. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(5) The tiger stood up. The tiger was feeling hungry. (Since, so, before)
Ans. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(6) The tiger looked around carefully. He was about to enter the house. (though, when, as)
Ans. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(7) Not even the sound of breathing was heard. The tiger wondered. (when, because, though)
Ans. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(8) The tiger took breath. The tiger peeped into the room again. (because, before, so)
Ans. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(9) The tiger looked around carefully. He was about to enter the house. (though, when, as)
Ans. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(10) Not even the sound of breathing was heard. The tiger wondered. (when, because, though)
Ans. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
A2. Join the sentences with ‘that’ as a linking word and rewrite the sentences:
(1) You know it. We are what we eat.
Ans. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(2) The snake was eating a frog. The children saw the snake.
Ans. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(3) The medicine should not be used. The medicine has crossed its expiry date.
Ans. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(4) Scientists have found it. Food products contain colours beyond permissible levels.
Ans. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(5) Now a days markets are flooded with food products. Food products contain chemical colours.
Ans. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
If /if………not / Unless
A1. Do as directed
(1) Look in the mirror and you will see yourself cured. (Rewrite beginning with ‘If you look……….’)
Ans. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(2) You will never know unless you try. (Rewrite using ‘if ..... not’)
Ans. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(3) You will never know unless you try. (Rewrite using ‘if ..... not’)
Ans. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(4) Work hard and you will pass. (Rewrite using ‘If’)
Ans. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(5) If you do not give up bad habits, you will spoil your health. (Use ‘Unless’)
Ans. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(6) Run fast, otherwise you will miss the train. (Rewrite using ‘If’)
Ans. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(7) If he doesn’t pay his electricity bill, they will cut off the connection. (Use ‘Unless’)
Ans. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(8) If you do not run fast, you will lose the race. [Use ‘Unless’]
Ans. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(9) Unless you exercise regularly, you may not keep fit and healthy. (Rewrite using ‘If………. not’)
Ans. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(10) If you don’t pass your SSC exam, you cannot get admission in any junior colleges. (Rewrite the
sentence using ‘Unless’)
Ans. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Remove ‘too’ / ‘use so…………that’
A1. Do as directed.
(1) He is too dull to get good marks. (Remove ‘too’)
Ans. He is so dull that he cannot get good marks.
(2) It became too dark for him to read easily. (Remove ‘too’)
Ans: It became so dark that he could not read easily.
(3) Roshni was very busy. She could not notice the thief.(Use ‘so…….that’)
Ans. Roshni was so busy that she could not notice the thief.
(4) Kala was too heavy for me to pull her up. (Remove ‘too’ and rewrite the sentence)
Ans. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(5) The target is too difficult for her to achieve easily. (Remove ‘too’)
Ans. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(6) The book was too interesting for me to stop reading it. (Remove ‘too’)
Ans. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(7) The bag is too heavy to for them to carry inside. (Remove ‘too’)
Ans. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(8) I am too tired to think of anything. (Remove ‘too’)
Ans. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(9) It became too dark to read easily. (Remove ‘too’)
Ans. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(10) Parents now days are too busy to pay attention to their children education. (Remove ‘too’)
Ans. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Prepositions
A1. Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions from the brackets.
(1) A lamp is hung ………………………… my head. (on, above, onto)
(2) A quarrel started …………………………..…..Rohan and Mohan. ( Use suitable preposition)
(3) A snake was killed…………………..…Ramesh ……………………….a bamboo. (with, by, to )
(4) Bhaurao was admitted …………………….…..a Jain Students’ hostel. (in, at, into )
(5) He jumped ………………………..…the river …………….……..save his friend. (Use correct preposition)
(6) He must have come home ………………….…now. I am certain. (on’ by, at )
(7) He travelled 700 miles from Mumbai……………………..…..rail. (with, on, by )
(8) I haven’t seen him …………………………..1980. (from, for, since )
(9) I thank you from the bottom of my heart. (Pick out the prepositions)
(10) Ladies’ club is going ………………..…..a picnic that day……………….…….a hired bus. (to, for, by)
(11) Mohan was angry……………………..….Sohan. (at ,with, for )
(12) My class is ……………………...the staff-room and laboratory. (among, between, near )
(13) My father spent a lot of money …………………….. my wedding. (on, in, of)
(14) Raghu was standing ……………………..……his sister. (besides, beside)
(15) Roshan took photographs of the statue from several different angles. (From/ to / of)
(16) Sachin has been playing cricket………………….morning. (for, from, since )
(17) She covered her face with a kerchief.
(18) The boy was looking …….……..the hording which was just …………..…his school building. (Insert
suitable preposition )
(19) The clown jumped through the ring and landed beside the cannon. (Beside/ besides/ through/
inside)
(20) The electricity that we use ………………our house is produced ……….…..the power station.
(with, in, into)
(21) The land was ploughed……………………..the farmer…………..……..the help of a tractor.
(22) The newly elected leader vowed to fight…………………the right …………his people. (for, with, of)
(23) The royal umbrella was held ………………..…the king’s head. (on, upon, over)
(24) The temple of Lord Shiva is ………………….……a number of trees. (Insert suitable preposition)
(25) They like ……………………dance and enjoy themselves……… the shower of rain. (into, in, to )
(26) They were walking fast………………….… the house. (towards, by, before )
(27) Usha was …………………..……..a group of friends when she saw a quarrel starting …………..….Lata
and Asha. (between, among, with )
(28) We can’t live …………water. (of, without, with)
(29) We sat …………..…..the tree and enjoyed the fresh air ………….…… the surroundings. (Use
appropriate prepositions)
(30) While Gokhale was………………….…….Pune he was asked to devote his life……….the noble work of
teaching. (for, to, at)
(31) You can go out, as long as you promise to be back………….…….11 o’clock. (before, under, on )

English ‘Multiple Choice Questions’- Grammar Activity Sheet for Perfect study
(1) Choose the correct alternatives of ‘The Present Perfect tense’ for the following sentence:
(i) The village ………………………………..its appearance completely since 1980.
(a) had changed (b) changed (c) has changed (d) have changed
(ii) Recently you ……………………………a lot of money on video games.
(a) has spent (b) had spent (c) will have spent (d) have spent
(2) Choose the correct form of verb for the ‘Present Perfect Continuous tense’ and fill in the blanks.
He………….…………………….in Bajaj industries since 1978.
(a) is working (b) has been working (c) had been working (d) have been working
(3) Choose the correct question tag from the given alternatives for the following:
The fruit split into two.
(a) don’t they? (b) doesn’t it? (b) did it? (iv) didn’t it?
(4) Choose the correct ‘Active voice’ from the given alternatives for the following sentence.
The human body is affected by the temperature.
(a) The human body affects the temperature.
(b) The human body affects the temperature.
(c) The temperature affected the human body.
(d) The temperature affect the human body.
(5) Choose the correct option for the following sentence.

He gave me some stupid treatment. (Begin your sentence with ‘I…..….’)
(a) I am given some stupid treatment by him.
(b) I was given some stupid treatment by him.
(c) I gave some stupid treatment by him.
(d) I had been given some stupid treatment by him.
(6) Choose the correct ‘Active voice’ from the given alternatives for the following sentence.
Lara has now beaten the record of 365 runs.
(a) The record of 365 runs has now been beaten by Lara.
(b) The record of 365 runs have now been beaten by Lara.
(c) The record of 365 runs had now been beaten by Lara.
(d) The record of 365 runs has now beaten by Lara.
(7) Choose the correct use of ‘not only…………but also’ answer of the given sentence.
It contained valuable and registered articles.
(a) Not only it contained valuable bot also registered articles.
(b) It not only contained valuable but also registered articles.
(c) It not only contained but also valuable and registered articles.
(d) It contained not only valuable but also registered articles.
Electricity runs our trains and moves machines in factories.
(a) Electricity not only runs our trains but also moves machines in factories.
(b) Electricity runs not only our trains but moves machines also in factories.
(c) Not only electricity runs our trains but also moves machines in factories.
(d) Electricity runs not only our trains but also moves machines in factories.

He was rewarded by the police and by the jeweler.
(a) He was rewarded not only by the police but also by the jeweler.
(b) He was not only rewarded by the police but also by the jeweler.
(c) He not only was rewarded by the police but also by the jeweler.
(d) Not only he was rewarded by the police but also by the jeweler.
(10) Choose the correct use of ‘as well as’ answer of the given sentence.
Jijabai not only tended Shivaji lovingly but also made him a great man.
(a) Jijabai tended Shivaji lovingly but as well as made him a great man.
(b) Jijabai as well as tended Shivaji lovingly but also made him a great man.
(c) Jijabai tended Shivaji lovingly as well as made him a great man.
(d) Jijabai not only tended Shivaji lovingly as well as made him a great man.
(11) Choose the correct use of ‘Though’ in the following sentence.

She was over forty-five but looked younger.
(a) Though she was over forty-five, she looked younger.
(b) Though she was over forty-five, looked younger.
(c) Though she was over forty-five but looked younger.
(d) She was over forty-five though looked younger.
(12) Choose the correct ‘Wh-Question’ from the given alternatives to get the underlined part as
answer.
The Tungabhadra dam is famous.
(a) What is famous dam?
(b) Which dam is famous?
(c) Why is dam famous?
(d) Where is famous dam?
(13) Choose the correct Past Perfect Tense from the alternatives given for the following sentences:
I practised the exercise hours together.
(a) I have practised the exercise hours together.
(b) I had practised the exercise hours together.
(c) I have been practicing the exercise hours together.
(d) I am practicing the exercise hours together.
(14) Choose the correct verb form from the brackets to change the sentence into a future continuous
tense:
The anti-plastic movement is gaining stream in cities.
(a) will gain (b) will gaining (c) will have been gaining (d) will be gaining
(15) Choose the correct option of ‘The Past Perfect tense’ for the following sentence:
Rain…………………on the ground.
(a) lashed (b) has lashed (c) had lashed (d) lashes
(16) Select the correct option of Past Perfect tense.

He vacated the seat.
(a) He was vacated the seat. (b) He had vacated the seat.
(c) He has vacated the seat. (d) He had been vacated the seat.

(17) Choose the correct option of ‘The Present Perfect tense’ for the following sentence:
The watchman………………………….to nab two of them.
(a) had managed (b) has managed (c) managed (d) will have managed
(18) Choose the correct option of the ‘Past Perfect tense’ for the following sentence:
She ………………………..up the police control room.
(a) has called (b) had called (c) called (d) will have called
(19) Choose the correct verb form from the brackets to make the sentence in Simple Present Tense
and fill in the blanks.
You…………………….friends to greet you.
(a) find (b) will find (c) finds (d) found
(20) Choose the correct option of ‘The Past Perfect tense’ for the following sentence:
I …………………………. every minute of it.
(a) enjoyed (b) has enjoyed (c) had enjoy (d) had enjoyed
(21) Choose the correct tag:

People shoo birds away.
(a) do they? (b) don’t they? (c) aren’t they? (d) don’t you?
(22) Choose the correct tail-tag for the following:

Fruiting trees attract many birds.
(a) do they? (b) don’t they? (c) aren’t they? (d) doesn’t they?

They contain valuable food.
(a) do they? (b) don’t they? (c) doesn’t they? (d) don’t they.
(24) Choose the correct question tag and rewrite:

Sanjana is perhaps right.
(a) isn’t she? (b) doesn’t she? (c) is she? (d) wasn’t she?

I have had a chance.
(a) I have had a chance, hadn’t I? (b) I have had a chance, wasn’t I?
(c) I have had a chance, haven’t I? (d) I have had a chance, have I?
(26) Add a question tag choosing from the alternatives:

I was like any other kid.
(a) aren’t I? (b) ain’t I? (c) wasn’t I? (d) was I?
(27) Select a proper tag for the following sentence.

Anaemia affects women and children.
(a) does it? (b) doesn’t it? (c) is it? (d) doesn’t it.
(28) Select the correct ‘Question Tag’ for the following sentence.
This time the rats won’t go hungry.
(a) are they? (b) have they? (c) will it? (d) will they?
(29) Select the correct use of a question tag of the following sentence.
The king’s temperament also underwent a sea change.

(a) The king’s temperament also underwent a sea change, didn’t it?
(b) The king’s temperament also underwent a sea change, didn’t he?
(c) The king’s temperament also underwent a sea change, didn’t they?
(d) The king’s temperament also underwent a sea change, did he?
(30) Choose the correct option of ‘Question tag’ of the following sentence:
They live in prisons of their own making.
(a) do they? (b) didn’t they? (c) don’t they? (d) doesn’t they?
(31) Choose the correct ‘Question Tag’ for the following:

It didn’t take long for it to become the mission of her life.
(a) did it? (b) didn’t it? (c) was it? (d) don’t it?
(32) Choose the correct ‘Question Tag’ for the following:

He gets to sleep several hours before midnight.
(a) do he? (b) doesn’t he? (c) does he? (d) doesn’t he

An industrial-quality burger can’t do that. .
(a) can’t it? (b) do that? (c) can it? (d) can’t do that?

Parrot Island is balm for the soul.
(a) is it? (b) isn’t it? (c) isn’t it (d) is Parrot Island.

Many wildlife managers would love to replicate the success story.
(a) would many? (b) would they? (c) would they love? (d) wouldn’t they?
(36) Choose the correct ‘Passive voice’ from the given alternatives for the following sentence:
It has protected many wildlife species.
(a) Many rare wildlife species has protected by it.
(b) Many rare wildlife species have been protected by it.
(c) Many rare wildlife species are protected by it.
(d) Many rare wildlife species have protected by it.
(37) Choose the correct option for the following sentence.

Video games are connected to video screen. (Begin your sentence with ‘We….’)
(a) We connected video games to video screen.
(b) We are connected video games to video screen.
(c) We connect video games to video screen.
(d) We were connected video games to video screen.
(38) Choose the correct passive voice of the following sentence:

Cricket has given a lifetime of experience:
(a) A lifetime of experience had been given by Cricket.
(b) A lifetime of experience had given by Cricket.
(c) A lifetime of experience were given by Cricket.
(d) A lifetime of experience has been given by Cricket.
(39) Choose the correct passive voice of the following sentence:

The royal physicians cautioned the king.
(a) The king was cautioned by the royal physician.
(b) The royal physicians were cautioned by the king.
(c) The king is cautioned by the royal physician.
(d) The king cautioned by the royal physician.
(40) Choose the correct ‘Passive voice’ from the given alternatives for the following sentence:
You must have read many fairy tales.
(a) Many fairy tales must have been read by you.
(b) Many fairy tales must had been read by you.
(c) Many fairy tales must has been read by you.
(d) Many fairy tales must be read by you.
(41) Choose the correct option for the following sentence:

The girls were infected by the excitement. (Begin your sentence with ‘The excitement……….’)
(a) The excitement was infected by the girls.
(b) The excitement infected the girls.
(c) The excitement had infected the girls.
(d) The excitement infects the girls.
(42) Choose the correct option for the following sentence:

A street sale was organised by Zoe and his friends.
(Begin your sentence with ‘Zoe and his friends……….’)
(a) Zoe and his friends oraganised by a street sale.
(b) Zoe and his friends oraganised a street sale.
(c) Zoe and his friends are oraganised a street sale.
(d) Zoe and his friends had oraganised a street sale.
(43) Choose the correct passive voice from the alternatives given below for the following.
The project officer impounded 132 cows.
(a) 132 cows was impounded by the project officer.
(b) The project officer impounded 132 cows.
(c) 132 cows were impounded by the project officer.
(d) 132 cows are impounded by a project officer.
(44) Choose the correct alternative of the ‘Passive Voice’ for the sentence.
The King summoned the astrologer.
(a) The astrologer is summoned by the King.
(b) The astrologer was summoned by the King.
(c) The astrologer has been summoned by the King.
(d) The astrologer was summoned the King.
Many mobiles provide the facility of a camera.
(a) The facility of camera was provided by many mobiles.
(b) The facility of camera is provided by many mobiles.
(c) The facility of camera has provided by many mobiles.
(d) The facility of camera are provided by many mobiles.
You can also send messages via the internet.

(a) Messages via internet can also sent by you.
(b) Messages via internet is also sent by you.
(c) Messages via internet can also be sent by you.
(d) Messages via internet are also sent by you.
It gives off a very characteristic odour.
(a) A very characteristic odour is given off by it.
(b) A very characteristic odour was given off by it.
(c) A very characteristic odour has been given off by it.
(d) A very characteristic odour is give off by it.
They contain all essential nutrients.
(a) All essential nutrients were contained in them.
(b) All essential nutrients are contained in them.
(c) All essential nutrients is contained in them.
(d) All essential nutrients has been contained in them.
They leave the nest.
(a) The nest is leave by them. (b) The nest is left by them.
(c) The nest is leaving them. (d)The nest was left by them.
It has protected many rare wildlife species.
(a) Many rare wildlife species has protected by it.
(b) Many rare wildlife species are protected by it.
(c) Many rare wildlife species have protected by it.
(d) Many rare wildlife species have been protected by it.
Earthquake often cause great waves under the sea.
(a) Great waves under the sea often cause earthquakes.
(b) Great waves under the sea are often caused by earthquakes.
(c) Great waves under the sea is often caused by earthquakes.
(d) Great waves often cause earthquake under the sea.
Reading gives us the highest kind of pleasure.
(a) The highest kind of pleasure is given by reading.
(b) We are given the highest kind of pleasure by reading.
(c) We were given the highest kind of pleasure by reading.
(d) The highest kind of pleasure give us by reading.
They also carry servants and kitchens.
(a) Servants and kitchens are also carried by them.
(b) Servants and kitchens also were carried by them.
(c) Servants and kitchens also carry by them.
(d) Servants and kitchens carried them.

(54) Choose the correct ‘Wh-Question’ from the given alternatives to get the underlined part as
answer.
It looks like a thick dark brown nail.
(a) What does it look like? (b) What do it look like?
(c) What does it looks like? (d) Who does it look like?
(55) Choose the correct ‘Verbal Question’ of the following sentence.

We’re actually helping someone.
(a) Are they actually helping someone?
(b) Aren’t we actually helping someone?
(c) Are we actually helping someone?
(d) Are we helping actually someone?
(56) Choose the correct ‘Wh’ question from the alternatives to get the underlined part as answer:
Each plant has large leaves.
(a) Why does each plant have? (b) Who does each plant have?
(c) What do each plant have? (d) What does each plant have?
(57) Choose the correct ‘Wh’ question from the alternatives given below for following underlined
words.
The government proposed a complete ban on plastic.
(a) Why did the government propose?
(b) When did the government propose?
(c) What did the government propose?
(d) Where did the government propose?
(58) Choose the correct ‘Wh’ question from the alternatives given below for the following underlined
words:
The government conducts various awareness campaigns.
(a) Why did the government conduct?
(b) What did the government conduct?
(c) What does the government conduct?
(d) Where did the government conduct?
(59) Select the correct option of ‘Verbal Question’ for the following sentence.
Heart pins changed hands so rapidly.
(a) Does heart pins change hands so rapidly?
(b) Do heart pins changed hands so rapidly?
(c) Had heart pins changed hands so rapidly?
(d) Did heart pins change hands so rapidly?
words:
The staff-member found the leopard.
(a) Who found the leopard?
(b) Who find the leopard?
(c) When found the leopard?
(d) What found the leopard?
words:
The leopard walked into the cage on Sunday morning.
(a) Where did the leopard into the cage?

(b) When did the leopard walk into the cage?
(c) When did the leopard walked into the cage?
(d) Why did the leopard walked into the cage?
(62) Choose the correct ‘Wh’ question from the alternatives to get the underlined part as answer:
It is strange to see a beautiful and gorgeous place.
(d) What is strange to see? (b) How is it strange to see?
(c) Why is it strange to see? (d)Where it is strange?
words:
Nihar Sir is a world class coach.
(a) Who is a world class coach?
(b) Who was a world class coach?
(c) When was a world class coach?
(d) What was a world class coach?
words:
Around 7 p.m., the power went off.
(a) When did the power go off?
(b) Where did the power go off?
(c) When the power went off?
(d) How did the power went off ?
words:
A severe earthquake can cause great damage and loss of life.
(a) How can cause great damage and loss of life?
(b) What can caused great damage and loss of life?
(c) Who can cause great damage and loss of life?
(d) What can cause great damage and loss of life?
(66) Choose the correct exclamatory sentence for the following from the given alternatives:
Eggs are extremely popular among children.
(a) What a popular eggs are among children!
(b) What popular among children eggs are!
(c) How popular the eggs are among children!
(d) How eggs are popular among children!
(67) Choose the correct exclamatory sentence from the alternatives for the following:
The trunk is very useful.
(a) How useful the trunk is! (b) What useful the trunk is!
(c) How useful the trunk was! (d) The trunk is how useful!
(68) Select the correct sentence of ‘Exclamatory construction’.

The king was so terrified.
(a) What terrified the king was!
(b) How terrified the king was!
(c) How terrified the king was.
(d) How terrified was the king!

(69) Choose the correct ‘Exclamatory Sentence’ of the given sentence.
Mr. Sen was a great educationalist.
(a) What a great educationalist Mr. Sen was!
(b) How a great educationalist Mr. Sen was!
(c) What an educationalist Mr. Sen was!
(d) What a great educationalist was Mr. Sen!
(70) Choose the correct ‘Exclamatory Sentence’ of the given sentence.

You are a great batsman.
(a) What a great batsman you are!
(b) How great batsman are you!
(c) You are very great batsman!
(d) What a great batsman you are!
(71) Select the correct indirect form of the following:

He asked the boys, “Where are you going?”
(a) He asked the boys where they were going.
(b) He asked the boys where you are going.
(c) He asked the boys where they are going.
(d) He asked the boys where they were going?
(72) Choose the correct indirect narration for the following sentence:
R-62 asked T-59: “What is that?”
(a) R-62 asked T-59 what was that.
(b) R-62 asked T-59 what that was.
(c) R-62 asked T-59 what that is.
(d) R-62 asked T-59 what was it.
(73) Choose the correct indirect sentence from the alternatives given below for the following.
“I reached there on a very dramatic day”, says Sindhu.
(a) Sindhu says that she reached there on a very dramatic day.
(b) Sindhu said that she reached there on a very dramatic day.
(c) Sindhu said that she had reached there on a very dramatic day.
(d) Sindhu said she had reached there on a very dramatic day.
(74) Choose the correct alternative given below for the following:
Murali said, “You played brilliantly.”
(a) Murali told that he played brilliantly.
(b) Murali said that you played brilliantly.
(c) Murali said that he had played brilliantly.
(d) Murali said he had played brilliantly.
(75) Choose the correct indirect statement.

I whispered, “I am hungry.”
(a) I whispered that I am hungry.
(b) I whispered that he was hungry.
(c) I whispered that he is hungry.
(d) I whispered that I was hungry.
(76) Choose the correct indirect sentence from the alternative given below for the following:
(a) The gentleman said they are making things hard for me.
(b) The gentleman said that they were making things hard for him.
(c) The gentleman said that they were making things hard for him.

(77) Choose the correct alternative from the following:
She has started construction and still looking for more help from the word.
(a) She having started construction still looking for more help from the word.
(b) Having started construction she still looking for more help from the word.
(c) She has having started construction and still looking for more help from the word.
(d) She having started construction and looking for more help from the word.
She could attend the school until 4th Grade.
(a) She is able to attend the school until 4th Grade.
(b) She had able to attend the school until 4th Grade.
(c) She was able to attend the school until 4th Grade.
(d) She has able to attend the school until 4th Grade.
She loves being called Mai. (Make it a complex sentence.)
(a) She loves people being called Mai.
(b) She loves when people call her Mai.
(c) She loves when people called her Mai.
(d) She loves calling people Mai.
(80) Choose the correct alternative from the following that the underlined verb suggests:
An elephant can lift very huge wooden poles with its trunk.
(a) It is necessary for elephant to lift very huge wooden poles with its trunk.
(b) It is an elephant’s ability of lifting very huge wooden poles with its trunk.
(c) An elephant should lift very huge wooden poles with its trunk.
(d) It is possible for elephant to lift very huge wooden poles with its trunk.
(81) Choose the correct positive degree from the following alternatives for the following:
United States is the greatest buyer.
(a) Very few buyers are as great as the United States.
(b) The United States is greater than any other buyer.
(c) No other buyer is as great as the United States.
(d) The United States is a great buyer.
(82) Choose the correct comparative degree from the following alternatives for the following:
Books are the most faithful friends.
(a) Books are more faithful friends.
(b) Books are more faithful than any other friends.
(c) Books are more faithful than many other friends.
(d) Books are more faithful of all friends. .
(83) Choose the correct positive degree from the following alternatives for the following:
Dal Lake is one of the most beautiful lakes in the world.
(a) No other lakes in the world are as beautiful as Dal Lake.
(b) Dal Lake is more beautiful than most of the lakes in the world.
(c) Very few lakes in the world are as beautiful as Dal Lake.
(d) Dal Lake is as beautiful as other lakes in the world.
(84) Choose the correct option for the underlined phrase and make the sentence negative:
There was an unknown psychic connection between my pen and paper.

(a) no unknown (b) not unknown
(c) known (d) not known
(85) Choose the correct ‘used to’ from the given alternatives for the following:
A lot of sparrows would come on our terrace.
(a) A lot of sparrows used to came on our terrace.
(b) A lot of sparrows would used to come on our terrace.
(c) A lot of sparrows used to come on our terrace.
(d) A lot of sparrows used to on our terrace.
(86) Choose the correct ‘used to’ from the given alternatives for the following:
The king would perform heavy exercise every morning.
(a) The king use to perform heavy exercise every morning.
(b) The king used to perform heavy exercise every morning.
(c) The king used to performed heavy exercise every morning.
(d) The king would used to perform heavy exercise every morning.
(87) Select the correct ‘Affirmative Sentence’ for the following sentence:
It is not the right thing to do.
(a) It is not the wrong thing to do. (b) It was the wrong thing to do.
(c) It was correct thing to do. (c) It is the wrong thing to do.
(88) Choose the correct alternative for the following:

Excessive use of condiments should be avoided. (The underlined phrase suggests ……..)
(a) Necessity (b) possibility
(c) Advice (d) ability
(89) Choose the correct negative form of the following sentence.

She heard an unusual commotion.
(a) She heard usual commotion.
(b) She heard not an unusual commotion.
(c) She did not hear usual commotion.
(d) She do not heard an unusual commotion.
(90) Choose the proper use of ‘As soon as’ sentence of the given sentence.
She was closing her bedroom door, one of the miscreants spotted her.
(a) She as soon as was closing her bedroom door one of the miscreants spotted her.
(b) As soon as she was closing her bedroom door, one of the miscreants spotted her.
(c) She was closing her bedroom as soon as one of the miscreants spotted her.
(d) As soon as one of the miscreants spotted her, she was closing her bedroom.
(91) Choose the correct ‘Simple Sentence’ for the given sentence.
The boys let out a hurrah and started jumping about.
(a) The boys let out a hurrah and started jumping about.
(b) The boys letting out a hurrah started jumping about.
(c) When the boys let out a hurrah, started jumping about.
(d) Letting out a hurrah, the boys started jumping about.
(92) Choose the correct ‘Degree Sentence’ for the given sentence.
The temperature is one of the most important physical factors.
(11) Very few physical factors are more important than temperature.
(12) Very few physical factors are as important as the temperature.

(13) Very few physical factor is more important than temperature.
(14) Very few physical factor is as important as temperature.
(93) Choose the correct assertive form from the following.

Wasn’t she scared?
(a) She was scared. (b) She was not scared.
(c) Was she not scared. (d) Was not she scared.
(94) Choose the correct sentence construction of ‘able to’.
I can find a seat in another compartment of this train.
(a) I was able to find a seat in another compartment of this train.
(b) I am able to find a seat in another compartment of this train.
(c) I will be able to find a seat in another compartment of this train.
(d) I am able to found a seat in another compartment of this train.
(95) Choose the correct use of ‘As soon as’.

When the king came to know of this he was furious.
(a) When the king came to know of this as soon as he was furious.
(b) As soon as the king came to know of this, he was furious.
(c) As soon as the king came to know of this he was furious.
(d) The king came to know of this as soon he was furious.
(96) Fill in the blanks choosing correct verb forms from the alternatives:
The mango-seller saw the boys………………about.
(a) Jump (b) jumping
(c) Jumped (d) will jump
(97) Choose the correct sentence of modal auxiliary expressing obligation.

At least humans can be kept away from leopard habitat.
(a) At least humans may be kept away from leopard habitat.
(b) At least humans must be kept away from leopard habitat.
(c) At least humans would be kept away from leopard habitat.
(d) At least humans might be kept away from leopard habitat.
(98) Choose the correct ‘Negative Sentence’ of the given sentence.

Sanjana is perhaps right.
(a) Sanjana is perhaps not right. (b) Sanjana is perhaps not wrong.
(c) Sanjana is perhaps wrong. (d) Sanjana is perhaps not false.
(99) Choose the correct use of ‘neither………nor’ in the following sentence.

Do not destroy the nest or shoo them away.
(a) You should neither destroy the nest nor shoo them away.
(b) You neither should destroy the nest nor shoo them away.
(c) Neither you should destroy the nest nor shoo them away.
(d) You should neither destroy the nest or nor shoo them away.
(100) Choose the appropriate modal auxiliary showing compulsion and fill in the blanks.
We …………………… protect and develop our forest.
(a) Should (b) may (c) could (d) must
(101) Fill in the blanks with proper words to complete the following sentences.
(a) We ………………………….fathom the effect of technology in education.
(i) is able to

(ii) are able to
(b) Nowadays man………………………………use computer technology in education.
(i) is able to
(ii) are able to
(102) Select the correct use of ‘Unless’ for the following sentence.
If you do not give up bad habits, you will spoil your health.
(a) Unless you give up bad habits, you will spoil your health.
(b) Unless you do not give up bad habits, you will spoil your health.
(c) Unless you give up bad habits, you will not spoil your health.
(d) You give up bad habits unless you will spoil your health.
(103) Choose the correct ‘Comparative Degree’ of the given sentence.

The Shatabdi Express is the most comfortable train.
(a) The Shatabdi Express is more comfortable than most other trains.
(b) The Shatabdi Express is more comfortable than many other trains.
(c) The Shatabdi Express is much comfortable than any other trains.
(d) The Shatabdi Express is more comfortable than any other train.
(104) Choose the correct alternative for the following:

Mr. Kumar spoke in……………….low voice.
(a) the (b) a (c) an (d) no article
(105) Choose the correct ‘No sooner’ sentence of the given sentence.
As soon as Srinath put step into the class, the children became silent.
(a) No sooner do Srinath put step into the class than the children become silent.
(b) No sooner Srinath put step into the class than the children became silent.
(c) No sooner do Srinath put step into the class than the children became silent.
(d) No sooner did Srinath put step into the class than the children became silent.
(106) Choose the ‘Negative Sentence (without changing its meaning)’ sentence for the following:
I loved the sight of so many birds flying together.
(a) I loved the sight of not so many birds flying together.
(b) I did not hate the sight of so many birds flying together.
(c) I do not hate the sight of so many birds flying together.
(d) I did not love the sight of so many birds flying together.
(107) Choose the sentence of using proper ‘Punctuation Marks’ for the following:
What a great social work said jacquelin
(a) “What a great social work?” said Jacquelin.
(b) “What a great social work,” said Jacquelin.
(c) “What a great social work!” said Jacquelin.
(d) “What a great social work.” said Jacquelin.
(108) Choose the correct sentence of ‘going to’ sentence construction.

Radha will buy a computer next month.
(a) She is going to buy a computer next month.
(b) Radha is going to buy a computer next month.
(c) Radha was going to buy a computer next month.
(d) Radha going to buy a computer next month.
(109) Choose the correct proposition for the following sentence.

Roshan took photographs…………… the statue………….. several different angles.
(a) Off, on (b) of, from (c) on, for (d) with, from

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What are the different parts of speech discussed in the document?

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What are the different tenses discussed and how are they used?

What are the different tenses discussed and how are they used?

ActivityGrammar for all

Based Grammar for my

Grammar Activity Sheet No. 01

(1) Nouns: (5) verbs:

(4) Adverbs: (8) Interjections:

1) Activity Based Grammar Book By Mr. Suresh Harad (Sir)

Nouns Adjectives Verbs Adverbs

A3. Parts of Speech

2) Activity Based Grammar Book By Mr. Suresh Harad (Sir)

Present tense Past tense Future tense

Each tense has four forms

Simple Simple Simple

Continuous / Progressive Continuous / Progressive Continuous / Progressive

Perfect Perfect Perfect

Perfect Continuous Perfect Continuous Perfect Continuous

The Present Tense

(1) The Simple Present Tense (साधा वर्वमानकाळ)

 The structure of the Simple Present tense (Affirmative)

 Negative structure of the Simple Present tense

4) Activity Based Grammar Book By Mr. Suresh Harad (Sir)

(2) The Present Continuous (Progressive) Tense

The structure of the Present Continuous tense (Affirmative – होकारािी)

 Interrogative structure of the Present Continuous tense

A1. Read the sentence and underline the verb/verb phrase.

 The structure of the Present Perfect tense (Affirmative – होकारािी)

Negative structure of the Present Continuous tense

Interrogative structure of the Present Continuous tense

8) Activity Based Grammar Book By Mr. Suresh Harad (Sir)

(4) The Present Perfect Continuous tense

 The structure of the Present Perfect Continuous tense (Affirmative- होकारािी)

9) Activity Based Grammar Book By Mr. Suresh Harad (Sir)

 The negative structure of the Present Perfect Continuous tense

 For and Since with Present Perfect Continuous Tense

10) Activity Based Grammar Book By Mr. Suresh Harad (Sir)

 We use the Simple Past tense when:

 The structure of the Simple Past tense (Affirmative –होकारािी)

 Negative structure of the Simple Past tense

 Interrogative structure of the Simple Past tense

(2) The Past Continuous tense

 The structure of the Past Continuous tense (Affirmative –होकारािी)

 Negative structure of the Past Continuous tense

(3) The Past Perfect Tense

 The structure of the Past Perfect tense (Affirmative –होकारार्थी)

 Negative structure of the Past Perfect tense

 Interrogative structure of the Past Perfect tense

13) Activity Based Grammar Book By Mr. Suresh Harad (Sir)

 The structure of the Past Perfect Continuous tense (Affirmative –होकारार्थी)

Negative structure of the Past Perfect Continuous tense

The Future Tense

(1) The Simple Future tense

 The structure of the Simple Future tense (Affirmative –होकारािी)

(2) Future Continuous tense

15) Activity Based Grammar Book By Mr. Suresh Harad (Sir)

(4) Future Perfect Continuous tense

 Negative structure of the Future Perfect Continuous tense

 Interrogative structure of the Future Perfect Continuous tense