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    BJT Operations

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    arondaniel ocampo

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    BJT Operations

    Uploaded by

    arondaniel ocampo
    28 views21 pages

    Original Title

    BJT OPERATIONS

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    28 views21 pages

    BJT Operations

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    arondaniel ocampo

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 21

    Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory

    Boylestad

    Bipolar Junction Transistors


    Chapter 3
    Ch.3 Summary

    Transistor Construction
    There are two types of pnp
    transistors:

    pnp and npn

    The terminals are labeled:


    E - Emitter npn
    B - Base
    C - Collector

    Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
    Boylestad Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
    Ch.3 Summary

    Transistor Operation
    With the external sources, VEE and VCC, connected as
    shown:
    The emitter-base
    junction is forward
    biased

    The base-collector
    junction is reverse
    biased

    Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
    Boylestad Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
    Ch.3 Summary

    Currents in a Transistor
    Emitter current is the sum of the
    collector and base currents:

    The collector current is comprised of


    two currents:

    Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
    Boylestad Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
    Ch.3 Summary

    Common-Base Configuration

    The base is common to both input (emitter–base) junction


    and output (collector–base) junction of the transistor.
    Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
    Boylestad Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
    Ch.3 Summary

    Operating Regions
    Active
    Operating range of the amplifier.

    Cutoff
    The amplifier is basically off. There is
    voltage, but little current.
    Saturation
    The amplifier is fully on. There is current, but
    little voltage.

    Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
    Boylestad Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
    Ch.3 Summary

    Approximations

    Emitter and collector currents:

    Base-emitter voltage:

    Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
    Boylestad Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
    Ch.3 Summary

    Alpha (α)
    Alpha (α) is the ratio of IC to IE :

    Ideally: α = 1
    In reality: α falls somewhere between
    0.9 and 0.998

    Alpha (α) in the AC mode:

    Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
    Boylestad Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
    Ch.3 Summary

    Transistor Amplifier

    Currents and Voltage Gain:


    Voltages:

    Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
    Boylestad Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
    Ch.3 Summary

    Common-Emitter
    Configuration
    The emitter is common to
    both input (base-emitter)
    and output
    (collector-emitter) circuits.

    The input is applied to the


    base and the output is
    taken from the collector.

    Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
    Boylestad Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
    Ch.3 Summary

    Common-Emitter Amplifier Currents


    Ideal Currents IE = IC + IB IC = α I E

    Actual Currents IC = α IE + ICBO where ICBO = minority


    collector current

    ICBO is usually so small that it can be ignored, except in high


    power transistors and in high temperature environments.

    When IB = 0 μA the transistor is in


    cutoff, but there is some minority
    current flowing called ICEO.

    Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
    Boylestad Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
    Ch.3 Summary

    Beta (β)
    β represents the amplification factor of a transistor.

    In DC mode:

    In AC mode:

    βac is sometimes referred to as hfe, a term used in transistor


    modeling calculations
    Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
    Boylestad Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
    Ch.3 Summary

    Beta (β)
    Relationship between amplification factors β and α :

    Relationship Between Currents:

    Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
    Boylestad Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
    Ch.3 Summary

    Common-Collector Configuration

    The input is on the


    base and the
    output is on the
    emitter.

    Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
    Boylestad Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
    Ch.3 Summary

    Operating Limits
    VCE is maximum and IC is
    minimum in the cutoff
    region.

    IC is maximum and VCE is


    minimum in the saturation
    region.

    The transistor operates in the active region between saturation and cutoff.
    Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
    Boylestad Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
    Ch.3 Summary

    Power Dissipation
    Common-base:

    Common-emitter:

    Common-collector:

    Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
    Boylestad Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
    Ch.3 Summary

    Transistor Specification Sheet

    Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
    Boylestad Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
    Ch.3 Summary

    Transistor Specification Sheet

    Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
    Boylestad Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
    Ch.3 Summary

    Transistor Specification Sheet

    Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
    Boylestad Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
    Ch.3 Summary

    Transistor Testing

    Curve Tracer Provides a graph of the characteristic curves.

    DMM Some DMMs measure βDC or hFE.

    Ohmmeter:

    Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
    Boylestad Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
    Ch.3 Summary

    Transistor Terminal Identification

    Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
    Boylestad Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved

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