LESSON PLAN IN SCIENCE

GRADE 8

I. OBJECTIVES
A. Content Standards
The learner's demonstrate an understanding of:
1. The identity of a substance according to its atomic structure.
B. Performance Standards
1. Apply their knowledge about subatomic particles in their daily lives.
C. Learning Competencies
1. The learner’s shall be able to determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in a particular atom.
D. Specific Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:
1. locate the atomic number in a periodic table;
2. identify the subatomic particles associated with mass number; and
3. determine the number of neutrons from the mass number.

II. CONTENT: Atomic Number (Activity 4: What’s in a number?)

III. LEARNING RESOURCES
A. References
1. Teacher’s Guide pages 140-143
2. Learner’s material pages 203-205
3. Textbook pages Science Learner’s Module 8
4. Additional materials from
Learning Resource (LR) Portal
B. Other Learning Resources
IV. PROCEDURES:

Developmental Activities Assessment Activities

A. Elicit Review
Class before we proceed to our next topic let us first have a review
about your previous topic.

Questions:
1. What was J.J. Thomson’s model called? 1. plum pudding model or the raisin bread model in the Philippines
2. What did J.J. Thomson discover in the 19th century? 2. In 19th century, he was able to discover that atoms have negatively-
charged particles, which he called “electrons”.
3. Who were the companions of Ernest Rutherford? 3. Johannes “Hans” Wilhelm Geiger and Ernest Marsden
4. What was the first experiment of Ernest Rutherford with his 4. Alpha Particle Scattering Experiment
fellow scientist?
5. When did Ernest Rutherford suggested a different structure of 5. In 1911
an atom?
6. What did Ernest Rutherford propose in 1912? 6. In 1912, he proposed the nuclear model of the atom where all the
positive charge and nearly all the mass of the atom were
concentrated in a very tiny region called the nucleus at the center of
the atom. The rest of the atom, where the tiny electrons with very
small mass moved, was largely empty space through which the
alpha particles could travel undeflected.
7. What was Rutherford’s report about the Alpha Particle 7. “It was as if you fired a 15-inch shell at a sheet of tissue paper
Scattering Experiment? and it came back to hit you”.

Word Drill
Class, I have here flashcards. As I flip the flashcards you will read the Students will read the flashcards.
words written on it.
Atomic Number Ions

Mass Number Isotopes

You will encounter these words as we go along with our lesson.

B. Engage Motivation
Class, I want you to look at your Periodic Table. When I say the Students will participate in the motivation.
elements, you will find it in your Periodic Table and if you had found
it. I will count from 1 to 5 and I want those students that had found the
element to stand. Then, I will ask one student if what’s the atomic
number of that element is.

Elements Atomic Number

1. Lithium 1. 3
2. Niobium 2. 41
3. Iron 3. 26
4. Platinum 4. 78
5. Iodine 5. 53
6. Chlorine 6. 17
7. Boron 7. 5

Presentation
Class, it seems to me that you are good finders.
Based from our previous activity our topic for today will be about
atomic number and mass number which is the “Activity 4 What’s in a
number?”

C. Explore Setting of Standards

Class, what are the things that you should remember during your 1. Work quietly.
activity? 2. Cooperate with the group.
3. Clean the area after the activity.

Activity
Class today we will have an activity. I want you to open your book on Students will open their book and perform the activity to answer the
page 203 to 205 “Activity 4”. following questions.
You will perform the activity before answering the questions. Answer
questions 1 to 10 and complete the table in number 5. Put it in a 1
whole piece of paper. Don’t forget to write your name and the date
today. Copy the Activity Title, Objectives and then the questions, copy
and answer.
ACTIVITY 4
WHAT’S IN A NUMBER?

Objectives:
After performing this activity, you should be able to:
1. Locate the atomic number in a periodic table,
2. Identify the subatomic particles associated with mass number,
3. Determine the number of neutrons from the mass number,
4. Define an isotope
5. Interpret shorthand notations for isotopes and atoms,
6. Infer that ions are formed from the removal or addition of
electron/s,
7. Evaluate the overall electrical charge of an atom, and
8. Make an inventory of subatomic particles of a given element.

Q1. What is the element with an atomic number of 15? 1. Phosphorus

Q2. How many protons does the atom of this element have? 2. 15 protons
Q3. How many protons are there in an atom of aluminum? 3. 13 protons
Q4. Which element has the smallest number of protons in its atom? 4. Hydrogen
Q5. How many protons are there in the C-12 isotope? How about the 5. 6 protons; 6 neutrons
number of neutrons?
Q6. How many protons are there in the C-13 isotope? How about the 6. 6 protons; 7 neutrons
number of neutrons?
Q7. What is the atomic mass of magnesium (Mg)? How about for 7. Mg: 24.30 grams; K:39.10 grams
potassium (K)?
Q8. How many protons are there in the lithium ion? 8. 3 protons
Q9. How many neutrons are there in the lithium ion? 9. 4 protons
Q10. How many electrons are there in the lithium ion? 10. 2 electrons
 5. Complete the table below.
Isotopes Element # # # Charg
Isotope Element # # # Charg Name of of of e
Name of of of e p+ e- n
p+ e- n B-6 Boron 5 5 1 0
B-6 Boron 5 1 0 N-14 Nitrogen 7 7 7 0
N-14 Nitrogen 7 0 F-19 Fluorine 9 9 10 -1
Fluorine 9 10 -1 Ne-20 Neon 10 10 10 0
Neon Mg-24 Magnesium 12 10 12 +2
10 10
Mg-24 12 10 Al-27 Aluminum 13 10 14 +3
Al-27 +3 Si-28 Silicon 14 14 14 0
Si-28 14 S-32 Sulfur 16 16 16 0
S-32 0 K-35 Potassium 19 19 16 +1
K-35 +1
D. Explain Discussion
Class, kindly get your periodic table.
Today we will locate the atomic mass and mass number of an element.
Also, if how many protons, neutrons and electrons does an element
have.

What is ATOMIC NUMBER? Ma’am it is the number of protons.

Correct!
Atomic number is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an
atom Or The number of electrons surrounding the nucleus of an atom.

Example:
Element Atomic No. No. of
Protons in the
Atom
Carbon 6 6
Sodium 11 11
Sulfur 16 16

Where is it located in the Periodic

Table? On the top of an element in the Periodic table.
Okay.
Mass Number is the sum of the number of protons and the number of
neutrons in an atom.

Isotopes are atoms of the same element and hence have the same
number of protons, and the same number of electrons, but different
number of neutrons.

How can we identify isotopes? The isotopes are identified through their mass number.

Correct!

A shorthand notation for isotopes includes the element’s symbol and

mass number, for instance, Ca-40.

Isotopes of the same element have the same chemical properties but
slightly different physical properties.

Examples:
Isotopes No. of No. of No. of
of Protons Electrons Neutrons
Chlorine
Chlorine- 17 17 18
35
Chlorine- 17 17 20
37

So, how do we find the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in We don’t know ma’am.
an element using the periodic table?
Okay!
Formula’s:
No. of PROTON = ATOMIC NUMBER
No. of ELECTRONS = ATOMIC NUMBER
No. of NEUTRONS = MASS NUMBER - ATOMIC NUMBER

Example:
Carbon
Number of protons = atomic number = 6
Number of electrons = atomic number = 6
Number of neutrons = mass number – atomic number
= 12-6
=6

An atom is electrically neutral. Therefore, there are the same number of

electrons outside the nucleus as there are protons in the nucleus. In
forming compounds, atoms sometimes gain or lose electrons to form
charged particles called ions.

Summary

A
X
Z

X – symbol of the element

A – Atomic Mass
Z – Atomic Number

A = Protons (p+) + Neutrons (n)

Z = Protons (p+)

IN A NEUTRAL ATOM
Z = Protons = Electrons
Neutrons = A-Z
Protons = Electrons
Electrons = Protons

Example:

Protons = 11
Neutrons = 12
Electrons = 11
A = 23
Z = 11
 IN AN IONS (Charged atom)
 Positive (+) – more protons, less electrons
 Negative (-) – more electrons, less protons

Examples:

Protons = 11 Protons = 17
Neutrons = 23-11=12 Neutrons=35-17=18
Electrons = 10 Electrons = 18
A = 23 A = 35
Z = 11 Z = 17

IN ISOTOPES - atoms that has the same no. of protons but different
no. of neutrons

Shorthand notation = Ca-40

Examples:

Isotopes Protons Neutrons Electrons Atomic Atomic

Mass Number
C-12 6 12-6=6 6 12 6
C-13 6 13-6=7 6 13 6
C-14 6 14-6=8 6 14 6
E. Elaboration
1. What is Atomic Number? 1. Atomic number is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an
atom or the number of electrons surrounding the nucleus of an
atom.

2. What is Mass Number? 2. It is the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons
in an atom.

3. What are included on the shorthand notation for isotopes? 3. It includes the element’s symbol and mass number.
4. What are Isotopes? 4. Isotopes are atoms of the same element and hence have the same
number of protons, and the same number of electrons, but different
number of neutrons.
 5. In forming compounds, atoms sometimes gain or lose electrons 5. Ions
to form charged particles called what?

F. Evaluation Class, get 1 whole and answer the following questions on the board.
You are given 30 minutes to answer it. Don’t forget to write your name
and the date today.

I. Choose a word from the box to complete each sentence.

Atomic Number Mass Number

Element’s Symbol Isotopes
Ions
1. _______________ is the number of protons found in the
nucleus of an atom Or The number of electrons surrounding the 1. Atomic Number
nucleus of an atom.
2. _______________ is the sum of the number of protons and the
number of neutrons in an atom. 2. Mass Number

3. _______________ are atoms of the same element and hence

have the same number of protons, and the same number of 3. Isotopes
electrons, but different number of neutrons.

4. A shorthand notation for isotopes includes the

_______________ and _______________. 4. Element’s Symbol and Mass Number
5. In forming compounds, atoms sometimes gain or lose electrons
to form charged particles called __________. 5. Ions
II. Get your periodic table and answer the following.
Elements Elements Name # of p # of e- # of n
1. He
2. Na
3. Au
4. Cu
5. Bh

Time’s up! Please pass your paper to the center aisle and pass it
 forward.
G. Extend Assignment

1. Study the periodic table of elements.

2. Memorize the elements from 1-10

Prepared by:

Leslie Jane I. Celiz

Pre-Service Teacher

Checked by:

Mr. Antonio R. Esmalla

Cooperating Teacher